public Object evaluate() throws EvaluationException {
try {
Number l = (Number) left().evaluate();
Number r = (Number) right().evaluate();
if (l instanceof Float || l instanceof Double || r instanceof Float || r instanceof Double) {
String[] parameters = {
Util.getMessage("EvaluationException.and"),
left().value().getClass().getName(),
right().value().getClass().getName()
};
throw new EvaluationException(Util.getMessage("EvaluationException.1", parameters));
} else {
// Arithmetic and (&)
// daz value (new Long (l.longValue () & r.longValue ()));
BigInteger uL = (BigInteger) coerceToTarget((BigInteger) l);
BigInteger uR = (BigInteger) coerceToTarget((BigInteger) r);
value(uL.and(uR));
}
} catch (ClassCastException e) {
String[] parameters = {
Util.getMessage("EvaluationException.and"),
left().value().getClass().getName(),
right().value().getClass().getName()
};
throw new EvaluationException(Util.getMessage("EvaluationException.1", parameters));
}
return value();
} // evaluate
/** @tests java.math.BigInteger#and(java.math.BigInteger) */
@TestTargetNew(
level = TestLevel.COMPLETE,
notes = "",
method = "and",
args = {java.math.BigInteger.class})
public void test_andLjava_math_BigInteger() {
for (BigInteger[] element : booleanPairs) {
BigInteger i1 = element[0], i2 = element[1];
BigInteger res = i1.and(i2);
assertTrue("symmetry of and", res.equals(i2.and(i1)));
int len = Math.max(i1.bitLength(), i2.bitLength()) + 66;
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
assertTrue("and", (i1.testBit(i) && i2.testBit(i)) == res.testBit(i));
}
}
}
public void testIsPowerOfTwo() {
for (BigInteger x : ALL_BIGINTEGER_CANDIDATES) {
// Checks for a single bit set.
boolean expected = x.signum() > 0 & x.and(x.subtract(ONE)).equals(ZERO);
assertEquals(expected, BigIntegerMath.isPowerOfTwo(x));
}
}
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
Scanner cin = new Scanner(System.in);
BigInteger s, M;
int p, i;
while (cin.hasNext()) {
p = cin.nextInt();
s = BigInteger.valueOf(4);
M = BigInteger.ONE;
M = M.shiftLeft(p).subtract(BigInteger.ONE);
for (i = 0; i < p - 2; ++i) {
s = s.multiply(s).subtract(BigInteger.valueOf(2));
while (s.bitLength() > p) {
s = s.shiftRight(p).add(s.and(M));
}
}
if (s.compareTo(BigInteger.ZERO) == 0 || s.compareTo(M) == 0) {
System.out.println(0);
continue;
}
String ans = "";
while (s.compareTo(BigInteger.ZERO) > 0) {
long buf = s.mod(BigInteger.valueOf(16)).longValue();
ans += Integer.toHexString((int) buf);
s = s.divide(BigInteger.valueOf(16));
}
for (i = ans.length() - 1; i >= 0; --i) System.out.print(ans.charAt(i));
System.out.println();
}
}
/**
* Convert decimal to hexadecimal�iNo limit string length�j <br>
* Return hexadecimal string (unsigned integer number string) from decimal(integer number) <br>
* In case parameter is a minus number, return blank string <br>
*
* @param argStr decimal string
* @return hexadecimal string
*/
public static String chgHexString(String argStr) {
// In case parameter is a minus number, return blank string
if (argStr.charAt(0) == '-') {
return "";
}
StringBuffer hexb = new StringBuffer();
BigInteger bi = new BigInteger(argStr);
int tempInt;
BigInteger tempBi;
// Convert each 4 bit, start from the end.
for (int bitlength = bi.bitLength(); bitlength > 0; bitlength -= 4) {
tempBi = bi.and(HEX_MASK);
tempInt = tempBi.intValue();
hexb.append(HEX_STR.charAt(tempInt));
bi = bi.shiftRight(4);
}
// correction after converting
int hexlength = hexb.length();
if (hexlength == 0) {
// In case value =0, put "00"
hexb.append("00");
} else if ((hexlength % 2) == 1) {
// After converting, if result is a old number string, add "0" at
// the end of string
hexb.append("0");
}
// Reverse result string (because string was converted from the
// 4-bit-end)
return hexb.reverse().toString();
}
private void calculate() throws UnknownHostException {
ByteBuffer maskBuffer;
int targetSize;
if (inetAddress.getAddress().length == 4) {
maskBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(4).putInt(-1);
targetSize = 4;
} else {
maskBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(16).putLong(-1L).putLong(-1L);
targetSize = 16;
}
BigInteger mask = (new BigInteger(1, maskBuffer.array())).not().shiftRight(prefixLength);
ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(inetAddress.getAddress());
BigInteger ipVal = new BigInteger(1, buffer.array());
BigInteger startIp = ipVal.and(mask);
BigInteger endIp = startIp.add(mask.not());
byte[] startIpArr = toBytes(startIp.toByteArray(), targetSize);
byte[] endIpArr = toBytes(endIp.toByteArray(), targetSize);
this.startAddress = InetAddress.getByAddress(startIpArr);
this.endAddress = InetAddress.getByAddress(endIpArr);
}
/**
* Find the number in between the high and the low value with the most zeroes.
*
* @param value the lower bound for the number
* @param highValue the upper bound for the nubmer
* @return the value for the number with the most zeroes between the two bounds
*/
private BigInteger maxZeroes(BigInteger value, BigInteger highValue) {
// Find the highest bit that would be possible to add one to before
// going over the high value.
int i = highValue.xor(value).bitLength();
int j;
while (--i >= 0) {
// If you hit a zero bit...
if (!value.testBit(i)) {
// ...change that bit to a 1.
value = value.setBit(i);
// Create a bit mask to compare with.
byte[] comparatorBytes = value.toByteArray();
Arrays.fill(comparatorBytes, (byte) 0xFF);
BigInteger comparator = new BigInteger(comparatorBytes);
comparator = comparator.shiftLeft(i);
// And the value with the bit mask. Everything after the changed
// bit will be cleared en masse. Way faster than clearing bits
// individually.
value = value.and(comparator);
break;
}
}
return value;
}
private static void verifyDifficulty(
StoredBlock prevBlock, Block added, BigInteger calcDiff, NetworkParameters params) {
if (calcDiff.compareTo(params.getMaxTarget()) > 0) {
log.info("Difficulty hit proof of work limit: {}", calcDiff.toString(16));
calcDiff = params.getMaxTarget();
}
int accuracyBytes = (int) (added.getDifficultyTarget() >>> 24) - 3;
final BigInteger receivedDifficulty = added.getDifficultyTargetAsInteger();
// The calculated difficulty is to a higher precision than received, so reduce here.
final BigInteger mask = BigInteger.valueOf(0xFFFFFFL).shiftLeft(accuracyBytes * 8);
calcDiff = calcDiff.and(mask);
if (CoinDefinition.TEST_NETWORK_STANDARD.equals(params.getStandardNetworkId())) {
if (calcDiff.compareTo(receivedDifficulty) != 0) {
throw new VerificationException(
"Network provided difficulty bits do not match what was calculated: "
+ receivedDifficulty.toString(16)
+ " vs "
+ calcDiff.toString(16));
}
} else {
final int height = prevBlock.getHeight() + 1;
if (height <= 68589) {
long nBitsNext = added.getDifficultyTarget();
long calcDiffBits = (accuracyBytes + 3) << 24;
calcDiffBits |= calcDiff.shiftRight(accuracyBytes * 8).longValue();
final double n1 = CommonUtils.convertBitsToDouble(calcDiffBits);
final double n2 = CommonUtils.convertBitsToDouble(nBitsNext);
if (Math.abs(n1 - n2) > n1 * 0.2) {
throw new VerificationException(
"Network provided difficulty bits do not match what was calculated: "
+ receivedDifficulty.toString(16)
+ " vs "
+ calcDiff.toString(16));
}
} else {
if (calcDiff.compareTo(receivedDifficulty) != 0) {
throw new VerificationException(
"Network provided difficulty bits do not match what was calculated: "
+ receivedDifficulty.toString(16)
+ " vs "
+ calcDiff.toString(16));
}
}
}
}
public int hammingDistance(SimHash other) {
BigInteger x = this.intSimHash.xor(other.intSimHash);
int tot = 0;
// 统计x中二进制位数为1的个数
// 我们想想，一个二进制数减去1，那么，从最后那个1（包括那个1）后面的数字全都反了，对吧，然后，n&(n-1)就相当于把后面的数字清0，
// 我们看n能做多少次这样的操作就OK了。
while (x.signum() != 0) {
tot += 1;
x = x.and(x.subtract(new BigInteger("1")));
}
return tot;
}
public BigInteger[] unmerge(BigInteger msg) {
BigInteger max = new BigInteger("18446744073709551615");
LinkedList<BigInteger> list = new LinkedList<BigInteger>();
BigInteger message = new BigInteger(msg.toString());
while (message.bitLength() > 0) {
list.addFirst(message.and(max));
message = message.shiftRight(64);
}
BigInteger[] output = new BigInteger[list.size()];
Iterator<BigInteger> it = list.iterator();
int i = 0;
while (it.hasNext()) {
output[i] = it.next();
i++;
}
return output;
}
public static void bitOps(int order) {
int failCount1 = 0, failCount2 = 0, failCount3 = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < size * 5; i++) {
BigInteger x = fetchNumber(order);
BigInteger y;
/* Test setBit and clearBit (and testBit) */
if (x.signum() < 0) {
y = BigInteger.valueOf(-1);
for (int j = 0; j < x.bitLength(); j++) if (!x.testBit(j)) y = y.clearBit(j);
} else {
y = BigInteger.ZERO;
for (int j = 0; j < x.bitLength(); j++) if (x.testBit(j)) y = y.setBit(j);
}
if (!x.equals(y)) failCount1++;
/* Test flipBit (and testBit) */
y = BigInteger.valueOf(x.signum() < 0 ? -1 : 0);
for (int j = 0; j < x.bitLength(); j++) if (x.signum() < 0 ^ x.testBit(j)) y = y.flipBit(j);
if (!x.equals(y)) failCount2++;
}
report("clearBit/testBit", failCount1);
report("flipBit/testBit", failCount2);
for (int i = 0; i < size * 5; i++) {
BigInteger x = fetchNumber(order);
/* Test getLowestSetBit() */
int k = x.getLowestSetBit();
if (x.signum() == 0) {
if (k != -1) failCount3++;
} else {
BigInteger z = x.and(x.negate());
int j;
for (j = 0; j < z.bitLength() && !z.testBit(j); j++) ;
if (k != j) failCount3++;
}
}
report("getLowestSetBit", failCount3);
}
public BigInteger simHash() {
// 定义特征向量/数组
int[] v = new int[this.hashbits];
// 1、将文本去掉格式后, 分词.
StringTokenizer stringTokens = new StringTokenizer(this.tokens);
while (stringTokens.hasMoreTokens()) {
String temp = stringTokens.nextToken();
// 2、将每一个分词hash为一组固定长度的数列.比如 64bit 的一个整数.
BigInteger t = this.hash(temp);
for (int i = 0; i < this.hashbits; i++) {
BigInteger bitmask = new BigInteger("1").shiftLeft(i);
// 3、建立一个长度为64的整数数组(假设要生成64位的数字指纹,也可以是其它数字),
// 对每一个分词hash后的数列进行判断,如果是1000...1,那么数组的第一位和末尾一位加1,
// 中间的62位减一,也就是说,逢1加1,逢0减1.一直到把所有的分词hash数列全部判断完毕.
if (t.and(bitmask).signum() != 0) {
// 这里是计算整个文档的所有特征的向量和
// 这里实际使用中需要 +- 权重，而不是简单的 +1/-1，
v[i] += 1;
} else {
v[i] -= 1;
}
}
}
BigInteger fingerprint = new BigInteger("0");
StringBuffer simHashBuffer = new StringBuffer();
for (int i = 0; i < this.hashbits; i++) {
// 4、最后对数组进行判断,大于0的记为1,小于等于0的记为0,得到一个 64bit 的数字指纹/签名.
if (v[i] >= 0) {
fingerprint = fingerprint.add(new BigInteger("1").shiftLeft(i));
simHashBuffer.append("1");
} else {
simHashBuffer.append("0");
}
}
this.strSimHash = simHashBuffer.toString();
// System.out.println(this.strSimHash + " length " + this.strSimHash.length());
return fingerprint;
}
public static void bitwise(int order) {
/* Test identity x^y == x|y &~ x&y */
int failCount = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
BigInteger x = fetchNumber(order);
BigInteger y = fetchNumber(order);
BigInteger z = x.xor(y);
BigInteger w = x.or(y).andNot(x.and(y));
if (!z.equals(w)) failCount++;
}
report("Logic (^ | & ~)", failCount);
/* Test identity x &~ y == ~(~x | y) */
failCount = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
BigInteger x = fetchNumber(order);
BigInteger y = fetchNumber(order);
BigInteger z = x.andNot(y);
BigInteger w = x.not().or(y).not();
if (!z.equals(w)) failCount++;
}
report("Logic (&~ | ~)", failCount);
}
public static BigInteger LAnd(BigInteger x, BigInteger y) {
return x.and(y);
}
/** Throws an exception if the blocks difficulty is not correct. */
private void checkDifficultyTransitions(StoredBlock storedPrev, StoredBlock storedNext)
throws BlockStoreException, VerificationException {
Block prev = storedPrev.getHeader();
Block next = storedNext.getHeader();
// Is this supposed to be a difficulty transition point?
if ((storedPrev.getHeight() + 1) % params.interval != 0) {
// No ... so check the difficulty didn't actually change.
if (next.getDifficultyTarget() != prev.getDifficultyTarget())
throw new VerificationException(
"Unexpected change in difficulty at height "
+ storedPrev.getHeight()
+ ": "
+ Long.toHexString(next.getDifficultyTarget())
+ " vs "
+ Long.toHexString(prev.getDifficultyTarget()));
return;
}
// We need to find a block far back in the chain. It's OK that this is expensive because it only
// occurs every
// two weeks after the initial block chain download.
long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
StoredBlock cursor = blockStore.get(prev.getHash());
for (int i = 0; i < params.interval - 1; i++) {
if (cursor == null) {
// This should never happen. If it does, it means we are following an incorrect or busted
// chain.
throw new VerificationException(
"Difficulty transition point but we did not find a way back to the genesis block.");
}
cursor = blockStore.get(cursor.getHeader().getPrevBlockHash());
}
log.info("Difficulty transition traversal took {}msec", System.currentTimeMillis() - now);
Block blockIntervalAgo = cursor.getHeader();
int timespan = (int) (prev.getTime() - blockIntervalAgo.getTime());
// Limit the adjustment step.
if (timespan < params.targetTimespan / 4) timespan = params.targetTimespan / 4;
if (timespan > params.targetTimespan * 4) timespan = params.targetTimespan * 4;
BigInteger newDifficulty = Utils.decodeCompactBits(blockIntervalAgo.getDifficultyTarget());
newDifficulty = newDifficulty.multiply(BigInteger.valueOf(timespan));
newDifficulty = newDifficulty.divide(BigInteger.valueOf(params.targetTimespan));
if (newDifficulty.compareTo(params.proofOfWorkLimit) > 0) {
log.warn("Difficulty hit proof of work limit: {}", newDifficulty.toString(16));
newDifficulty = params.proofOfWorkLimit;
}
int accuracyBytes = (int) (next.getDifficultyTarget() >>> 24) - 3;
BigInteger receivedDifficulty = next.getDifficultyTargetAsInteger();
// The calculated difficulty is to a higher precision than received, so reduce here.
BigInteger mask = BigInteger.valueOf(0xFFFFFFL).shiftLeft(accuracyBytes * 8);
newDifficulty = newDifficulty.and(mask);
if (newDifficulty.compareTo(receivedDifficulty) != 0)
throw new VerificationException(
"Network provided difficulty bits do not match what was calculated: "
+ receivedDifficulty.toString(16)
+ " vs "
+ newDifficulty.toString(16));
}
