Renderer(int line) {
startLine = line;
if (!scene.antiAliasing) {
sampled = false;
samples = Math.max(scene.raysPerPixel, DEBUG_samples);
// Force it to be a perfect square
samples = (int) Math.sqrt(samples);
samples = samples * samples;
imageSamples = new Double3D[samples];
for (int i = 0; i < samples; i++) imageSamples[i] = new Double3D(0, 0, 0);
// Make samples are in the range [0,1]
Sample.multiJitter(imageSamples, samples);
// Make samples are in the range [-2,2]
Sample.cubicSplineFilter(imageSamples, samples);
// Scale image samples to [-.5,.5] and adjust to worldCoords this should be +-.5 pixels
// since we're in the middle of a pixel to begin with
for (int i = 0; i < samples; i++) {
imageSamples[i].x = widthRatio / 2 * (imageSamples[i].x / 4.0);
imageSamples[i].y = heightRatio / 2 * (imageSamples[i].y / 4.0);
// System.out.println("Jitter by: " + imageSamples[i] + " Pixel width: " + widthRatio + "
// Pixel height: " + heightRatio );
}
imageSamples[0].x++;
imageSamples[0].x--;
}
}
Renderer() {
xMin = scene.camera.viewportLeft + 0.5;
xMax = scene.camera.viewportRight;
yMin = scene.camera.viewportBottom + 0.5;
yMax = scene.camera.viewportTop;
if (scene.antiAliasing) {
samples = Math.max(scene.raysPerPixel, DEBUG_samples);
// Force it to be a perfect square
samples = (int) Math.sqrt(samples);
samples = samples * samples;
imageSamples = new Double3D[samples];
for (int i = 0; i < samples; i++) imageSamples[i] = new Double3D(0, 0, 0);
Sample.multiJitter(imageSamples, samples);
// Samples are in the range [-2,2]
Sample.cubicSplineFilter(imageSamples, samples);
// Scale image samples to [-1,1]
for (int i = 0; i < samples; i++) {
imageSamples[i].x = widthRatio * imageSamples[i].x / 2.0;
imageSamples[i].y = heightRatio * imageSamples[i].y / 2.0;
}
}
}
// iPoint is the point of intersection with the surface.
DoubleColor shade(Ray ray, HitRecord hit, MaterialCell material, boolean background) {
DoubleColor color = new DoubleColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
// Add ambient light only once
color.plus(
new DoubleColor(
(double) (lights[0].ambient[0] * material.ka.r),
(double) (lights[0].ambient[1] * material.ka.g),
(double) (lights[0].ambient[2] * material.ka.b),
(double) (lights[0].ambient[3] * material.ka.a)));
// Assign material color?
// Local light or directional? If directional then we need to see if it's shining on the
// object
if (!background) {
double d = 2; // L.distanceTo(hit.hitP);
for (int i = 0; i < lights.length; i++) {
if (lights[i].lightSwitch == 1) {
Double3D L =
new Double3D(
(double) lights[i].position[0],
(double) lights[i].position[1],
(double) lights[i].position[2]);
L = L.minus(hit.hitP).getUnit();
Ray shadowRay = new Ray(hit.hitP, L);
// trace shadow ray to light source
// Turn shadows on and shadowRay hit nothing
if (!scene.shadows || shadowTrace(shadowRay)) {
double LdN = Math.max(0, hit.normal.dot(L));
if (LdN > 0) {
// -2(-L.N)N + -L
Double3D R = hit.normal.sMult(-2 * hit.normal.dot(L.sMult(-1))).plus(L.sMult(-1));
double RdV = Math.max(0, -R.dot(ray.dir));
// If the light is free add the diffuse light
// Intensity (Kd * (LdN) + Ks *(RdV)^(shiny)/(r + k)
color.plus(
new DoubleColor(
(double)
(lights[i].diffuse[0] * LdN
+ lights[i].specular[0] * Math.pow(RdV, material.shiny))
/ d,
(double)
(lights[i].diffuse[1] * LdN
+ lights[i].specular[1] * Math.pow(RdV, material.shiny))
/ d,
(double)
(lights[i].diffuse[2] * LdN
+ lights[i].specular[2] * Math.pow(RdV, material.shiny))
/ d,
1.0)); // */
} // if(LdN > 0)
} // if(!scene.shadows || shadowTrace(shadowRay))
} // if(lights[i].lightSwitch == 1){
} // for
// Shiny Phong
// If IdN > 0 then we find a reflection
// If IdN < 0 then we need -normal
if (scene.reflections
&& (material.reflectivity.r > 0
|| material.reflectivity.g > 0
|| material.reflectivity.b > 0)) {
depth++;
// R = I - 2 * (I.N)N
Double3D R = new Double3D();
Double3D I = ray.dir; // .sMult(-1.0);
Double3D N = hit.normal;
// double IdN = I.dot(N);
// if (IdN > 0){
// N = N.sMult(-1.0);
// IdN = -I.dot(N);
// }//*/
R = I.plus(N.sMult(-2.0 * I.dot(N)));
Ray reflect = new Ray(hit.hitP, R);
DoubleColor reflection = trace(reflect);
// Scale by distance?
// reflection.scale( 1 / reflect.origin().distanceTo(hit.hitP));
reflection.r = reflection.r * material.reflectivity.r;
reflection.g = reflection.g * material.reflectivity.g;
reflection.b = reflection.b * material.reflectivity.b;
color.plus(reflection);
depth--;
}
if (scene.refractions
&& (material.refractivity.r > 0
|| material.refractivity.g > 0
|| material.refractivity.b > 0)) // */
{
depth++;
Ray refract = new Ray(hit.hitP, ray.dir);
if (hit.index == ray.r.objectNum) // Hit the object we're already in
{
// Pop the n off the stack
refract.r = ray.r;
// Swap the refraction indices
double temp = refract.r.n;
refract.r.n = refract.r.prevR.n;
refract.r.prevR.n = temp;
} else // Otherwise we hit a new object push this n onto the stack and get mat index
{
refract.r.prevR = ray.r;
refract.r.n = material.refractiveIndex;
refract.r.objectNum = hit.index;
}
if (transmissionDirection(ray, hit, refract)) {
DoubleColor refraction = trace(refract);
refraction.r = refraction.r * material.refractivity.r;
refraction.g = refraction.g * material.refractivity.g;
refraction.b = refraction.b * material.refractivity.b;
// Scale for distance?
color.plus(refraction);
}
depth--;
}
}
return color;
}
// All rays we deal with here are in world coordinates.
// Should take the refractive index of the material it is currently in.
DoubleColor trace(Ray ray) {
DoubleColor color = new DoubleColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
HitRecord hit = new HitRecord();
if (depth > Math.max(DEBUG_recursion, scene.maxRecursiveDepth)) return color;
double tMin = 0.0001;
double tMax = 10000000;
// Spheres only for now
for (int i = 0; i < numObjects; i++)
// Did I hit the bounding sphere for an object?
if (spheres[i].hit(ray, tMin, tMax, 0, hit))
if (scene.spheresOnly) {
for (PMesh.SurfCell s = shapes[i].surfHead; s != null; s = s.next)
for (PMesh.PolyCell poly = s.polyHead; poly != null; poly = poly.next)
// Triangles only for now
if (poly.numVerts == 3) {
Double3D v[] = new Double3D[3];
int j = 0;
for (PMesh.VertListCell vert = poly.vert; vert != null; vert = vert.next)
v[j++] = shapes[i].vertArray.get(vert.vert).viewPos;
// Increment j in the line post access
// Check for a hit on this polygon
if (Triangle.hit(v[0], v[1], v[2], ray, tMin, tMax, 0, hit)) {
tMax = hit.t;
hit.normal = poly.viewNorm;
hit.matIndex = s.material;
hit.index = i;
}
} else
System.out.println(
"Need to intersect polygon with " + poly.numVerts + " vertices.");
} else {
tMax = hit.t;
hit.matIndex = i; // May cause an error if object 10 and it only has 3 materials.
hit.index = i;
}
if (hit.index >= 0) // If it intersects then multi-sample
{
if (!sampled && depth == 0) {
// Only sample once per ray from the main loop
sampled = true;
Double3D dir = ray.dir;
DoubleColor antiAlias = trace(ray);
for (int i = 0; i < samples; i++) {
// Double3D sample = new Double3D(dir.x + imageSamples[i].x, dir.y + imageSamples[i].y,
// dir.z).getUnit();
// ray.dir = sample;
ray.dir.x = dir.x + imageSamples[i].x;
ray.dir.y = dir.y + imageSamples[i].y;
antiAlias.plus(trace(ray));
}
antiAlias.scale(1.0 / (samples + 1.0));
color.plus(antiAlias);
} else if (hit.matIndex < shapes[hit.index].materials.length)
color = shade(ray, hit, shapes[hit.index].materials[hit.matIndex], false);
else
color =
shade(
ray,
hit,
shapes[hit.index].materials[shapes[hit.index].materials.length - 1],
false);
} else // We hit nothing check for intersection with the far clip plane for checker board
// pattern.
if (scene.checkerBackground) color = shade(ray, hit, checkerBackgroundHit(ray, hit), true);
return color;
}
private void updateSubImageImpl(
TextureData data,
int newTarget,
int mipmapLevel,
int dstx,
int dsty,
int srcx,
int srcy,
int width,
int height)
throws GLException {
GL gl = GLU.getCurrentGL();
data.setHaveEXTABGR(gl.isExtensionAvailable("GL_EXT_abgr"));
data.setHaveGL12(gl.isExtensionAvailable("GL_VERSION_1_2"));
Buffer buffer = data.getBuffer();
if (buffer == null && data.getMipmapData() == null) {
// Assume user just wanted to get the Texture object allocated
return;
}
int rowlen = data.getRowLength();
int dataWidth = data.getWidth();
int dataHeight = data.getHeight();
if (data.getMipmapData() != null) {
// Compute the width, height and row length at the specified mipmap level
// Note we do not support specification of the row length for
// mipmapped textures at this point
for (int i = 0; i < mipmapLevel; i++) {
width = Math.max(width / 2, 1);
height = Math.max(height / 2, 1);
dataWidth = Math.max(dataWidth / 2, 1);
dataHeight = Math.max(dataHeight / 2, 1);
}
rowlen = 0;
buffer = data.getMipmapData()[mipmapLevel];
}
// Clip incoming rectangles to what is available both on this
// texture and in the incoming TextureData
if (srcx < 0) {
width += srcx;
srcx = 0;
}
if (srcy < 0) {
height += srcy;
srcy = 0;
}
// NOTE: not sure whether the following two are the correct thing to do
if (dstx < 0) {
width += dstx;
dstx = 0;
}
if (dsty < 0) {
height += dsty;
dsty = 0;
}
if (srcx + width > dataWidth) {
width = dataWidth - srcx;
}
if (srcy + height > dataHeight) {
height = dataHeight - srcy;
}
if (dstx + width > texWidth) {
width = texWidth - dstx;
}
if (dsty + height > texHeight) {
height = texHeight - dsty;
}
checkCompressedTextureExtensions(data);
if (data.isDataCompressed()) {
gl.glCompressedTexSubImage2D(
newTarget,
mipmapLevel,
dstx,
dsty,
width,
height,
data.getInternalFormat(),
buffer.remaining(),
buffer);
} else {
int[] align = new int[1];
int[] rowLength = new int[1];
int[] skipRows = new int[1];
int[] skipPixels = new int[1];
gl.glGetIntegerv(GL.GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, align, 0); // save alignment
gl.glGetIntegerv(GL.GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH, rowLength, 0); // save row length
gl.glGetIntegerv(GL.GL_UNPACK_SKIP_ROWS, skipRows, 0); // save skipped rows
gl.glGetIntegerv(GL.GL_UNPACK_SKIP_PIXELS, skipPixels, 0); // save skipped pixels
gl.glPixelStorei(GL.GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, data.getAlignment());
if (DEBUG && VERBOSE) {
System.out.println("Row length = " + rowlen);
System.out.println("skip pixels = " + srcx);
System.out.println("skip rows = " + srcy);
System.out.println("dstx = " + dstx);
System.out.println("dsty = " + dsty);
System.out.println("width = " + width);
System.out.println("height = " + height);
}
gl.glPixelStorei(GL.GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH, rowlen);
gl.glPixelStorei(GL.GL_UNPACK_SKIP_ROWS, srcy);
gl.glPixelStorei(GL.GL_UNPACK_SKIP_PIXELS, srcx);
gl.glTexSubImage2D(
newTarget,
mipmapLevel,
dstx,
dsty,
width,
height,
data.getPixelFormat(),
data.getPixelType(),
buffer);
gl.glPixelStorei(GL.GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, align[0]); // restore alignment
gl.glPixelStorei(GL.GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH, rowLength[0]); // restore row length
gl.glPixelStorei(GL.GL_UNPACK_SKIP_ROWS, skipRows[0]); // restore skipped rows
gl.glPixelStorei(GL.GL_UNPACK_SKIP_PIXELS, skipPixels[0]); // restore skipped pixels
}
}
/**
* Updates the content area of the specified target of this texture using the data in the given
* image. In general this is intended for construction of cube maps.
*
* @throws GLException if no OpenGL context was current or if any OpenGL-related errors occurred
*/
public void updateImage(TextureData data, int target) throws GLException {
GL gl = GLU.getCurrentGL();
imgWidth = data.getWidth();
imgHeight = data.getHeight();
aspectRatio = (float) imgWidth / (float) imgHeight;
mustFlipVertically = data.getMustFlipVertically();
int texTarget = 0;
int texParamTarget = this.target;
// See whether we have automatic mipmap generation support
boolean haveAutoMipmapGeneration =
(gl.isExtensionAvailable("GL_VERSION_1_4")
|| gl.isExtensionAvailable("GL_SGIS_generate_mipmap"));
// Indicate to the TextureData what functionality is available
data.setHaveEXTABGR(gl.isExtensionAvailable("GL_EXT_abgr"));
data.setHaveGL12(gl.isExtensionAvailable("GL_VERSION_1_2"));
// Note that automatic mipmap generation doesn't work for
// GL_ARB_texture_rectangle
if ((!isPowerOfTwo(imgWidth) || !isPowerOfTwo(imgHeight)) && !haveNPOT(gl)) {
haveAutoMipmapGeneration = false;
}
boolean expandingCompressedTexture = false;
if (data.getMipmap() && !haveAutoMipmapGeneration) {
// GLU always scales the texture's dimensions to be powers of
// two. It also doesn't really matter exactly what the texture
// width and height are because the texture coords are always
// between 0.0 and 1.0.
imgWidth = nextPowerOfTwo(imgWidth);
imgHeight = nextPowerOfTwo(imgHeight);
texWidth = imgWidth;
texHeight = imgHeight;
texTarget = GL.GL_TEXTURE_2D;
} else if ((isPowerOfTwo(imgWidth) && isPowerOfTwo(imgHeight)) || haveNPOT(gl)) {
if (DEBUG) {
if (isPowerOfTwo(imgWidth) && isPowerOfTwo(imgHeight)) {
System.err.println("Power-of-two texture");
} else {
System.err.println("Using GL_ARB_texture_non_power_of_two");
}
}
texWidth = imgWidth;
texHeight = imgHeight;
texTarget = GL.GL_TEXTURE_2D;
} else if (haveTexRect(gl) && !data.isDataCompressed()) {
// GL_ARB_texture_rectangle does not work for compressed textures
if (DEBUG) {
System.err.println("Using GL_ARB_texture_rectangle");
}
texWidth = imgWidth;
texHeight = imgHeight;
texTarget = GL.GL_TEXTURE_RECTANGLE_ARB;
} else {
// If we receive non-power-of-two compressed texture data and
// don't have true hardware support for compressed textures, we
// can fake this support by producing an empty "compressed"
// texture image, using glCompressedTexImage2D with that to
// allocate the texture, and glCompressedTexSubImage2D with the
// incoming data.
if (data.isDataCompressed()) {
if (data.getMipmapData() != null) {
// We don't currently support expanding of compressed,
// mipmapped non-power-of-two textures to the nearest power
// of two; the obvious port of the non-mipmapped code didn't
// work
throw new GLException(
"Mipmapped non-power-of-two compressed textures only supported on OpenGL 2.0 hardware (GL_ARB_texture_non_power_of_two)");
}
expandingCompressedTexture = true;
}
if (DEBUG) {
System.err.println("Expanding texture to power-of-two dimensions");
}
if (data.getBorder() != 0) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Scaling up a non-power-of-two texture which has a border won't work");
}
texWidth = nextPowerOfTwo(imgWidth);
texHeight = nextPowerOfTwo(imgHeight);
texTarget = GL.GL_TEXTURE_2D;
}
texParamTarget = texTarget;
setImageSize(imgWidth, imgHeight, texTarget);
if (target != 0) {
// Allow user to override auto detection and skip bind step (for
// cubemap construction)
texTarget = target;
if (this.target == 0) {
throw new GLException("Override of target failed; no target specified yet");
}
texParamTarget = this.target;
gl.glBindTexture(texParamTarget, texID);
} else {
gl.glBindTexture(texTarget, texID);
}
if (data.getMipmap() && !haveAutoMipmapGeneration) {
int[] align = new int[1];
gl.glGetIntegerv(GL.GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, align, 0); // save alignment
gl.glPixelStorei(GL.GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, data.getAlignment());
if (data.isDataCompressed()) {
throw new GLException("May not request mipmap generation for compressed textures");
}
try {
GLU glu = new GLU();
glu.gluBuild2DMipmaps(
texTarget,
data.getInternalFormat(),
data.getWidth(),
data.getHeight(),
data.getPixelFormat(),
data.getPixelType(),
data.getBuffer());
} finally {
gl.glPixelStorei(GL.GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, align[0]); // restore alignment
}
} else {
checkCompressedTextureExtensions(data);
Buffer[] mipmapData = data.getMipmapData();
if (mipmapData != null) {
int width = texWidth;
int height = texHeight;
for (int i = 0; i < mipmapData.length; i++) {
if (data.isDataCompressed()) {
// Need to use glCompressedTexImage2D directly to allocate and fill this image
// Avoid spurious memory allocation when possible
gl.glCompressedTexImage2D(
texTarget,
i,
data.getInternalFormat(),
width,
height,
data.getBorder(),
mipmapData[i].remaining(),
mipmapData[i]);
} else {
// Allocate texture image at this level
gl.glTexImage2D(
texTarget,
i,
data.getInternalFormat(),
width,
height,
data.getBorder(),
data.getPixelFormat(),
data.getPixelType(),
null);
updateSubImageImpl(data, texTarget, i, 0, 0, 0, 0, data.getWidth(), data.getHeight());
}
width = Math.max(width / 2, 1);
height = Math.max(height / 2, 1);
}
} else {
if (data.isDataCompressed()) {
if (!expandingCompressedTexture) {
// Need to use glCompressedTexImage2D directly to allocate and fill this image
// Avoid spurious memory allocation when possible
gl.glCompressedTexImage2D(
texTarget,
0,
data.getInternalFormat(),
texWidth,
texHeight,
data.getBorder(),
data.getBuffer().capacity(),
data.getBuffer());
} else {
ByteBuffer buf =
DDSImage.allocateBlankBuffer(texWidth, texHeight, data.getInternalFormat());
gl.glCompressedTexImage2D(
texTarget,
0,
data.getInternalFormat(),
texWidth,
texHeight,
data.getBorder(),
buf.capacity(),
buf);
updateSubImageImpl(data, texTarget, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, data.getWidth(), data.getHeight());
}
} else {
if (data.getMipmap() && haveAutoMipmapGeneration) {
// For now, only use hardware mipmapping for uncompressed 2D
// textures where the user hasn't explicitly specified
// mipmap data; don't know about interactions between
// GL_GENERATE_MIPMAP and glCompressedTexImage2D
gl.glTexParameteri(texParamTarget, GL.GL_GENERATE_MIPMAP, GL.GL_TRUE);
usingAutoMipmapGeneration = true;
}
gl.glTexImage2D(
texTarget,
0,
data.getInternalFormat(),
texWidth,
texHeight,
data.getBorder(),
data.getPixelFormat(),
data.getPixelType(),
null);
updateSubImageImpl(data, texTarget, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, data.getWidth(), data.getHeight());
}
}
}
int minFilter = (data.getMipmap() ? GL.GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR : GL.GL_LINEAR);
int magFilter = GL.GL_LINEAR;
int wrapMode = (gl.isExtensionAvailable("GL_VERSION_1_2") ? GL.GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE : GL.GL_CLAMP);
// REMIND: figure out what to do for GL_TEXTURE_RECTANGLE_ARB
if (texTarget != GL.GL_TEXTURE_RECTANGLE_ARB) {
gl.glTexParameteri(texParamTarget, GL.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, minFilter);
gl.glTexParameteri(texParamTarget, GL.GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, magFilter);
gl.glTexParameteri(texParamTarget, GL.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, wrapMode);
gl.glTexParameteri(texParamTarget, GL.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, wrapMode);
if (this.target == GL.GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP) {
gl.glTexParameteri(texParamTarget, GL.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_R, wrapMode);
}
}
// Don't overwrite target if we're loading e.g. faces of a cube
// map
if ((this.target == 0)
|| (this.target == GL.GL_TEXTURE_2D)
|| (this.target == GL.GL_TEXTURE_RECTANGLE_ARB)) {
this.target = texTarget;
}
// This estimate will be wrong for cube maps
estimatedMemorySize = data.getEstimatedMemorySize();
}