/**
* Generate artificial training examples.
*
* @param artSize size of examples set to create
* @param data training data
* @return the set of unlabeled artificial examples
*/
protected Instances generateArtificialData(int artSize, Instances data) {
int numAttributes = data.numAttributes();
Instances artData = new Instances(data, artSize);
double[] att;
Instance artInstance;
for (int i = 0; i < artSize; i++) {
att = new double[numAttributes];
for (int j = 0; j < numAttributes; j++) {
if (data.attribute(j).isNominal()) {
// Select nominal value based on the frequency of occurence in the training data
double[] stats = (double[]) m_AttributeStats.get(j);
att[j] = (double) selectIndexProbabilistically(stats);
} else if (data.attribute(j).isNumeric()) {
// Generate numeric value from the Guassian distribution
// defined by the mean and std dev of the attribute
double[] stats = (double[]) m_AttributeStats.get(j);
att[j] = (m_Random.nextGaussian() * stats[1]) + stats[0];
} else System.err.println("Decorate can only handle numeric and nominal values.");
}
artInstance = new Instance(1.0, att);
artData.add(artInstance);
}
return artData;
}
/**
* Compute and store statistics required for generating artificial data.
*
* @param data training instances
* @exception Exception if statistics could not be calculated successfully
*/
protected void computeStats(Instances data) throws Exception {
int numAttributes = data.numAttributes();
m_AttributeStats = new Vector(numAttributes); // use to map attributes to their stats
for (int j = 0; j < numAttributes; j++) {
if (data.attribute(j).isNominal()) {
// Compute the probability of occurence of each distinct value
int[] nomCounts = (data.attributeStats(j)).nominalCounts;
double[] counts = new double[nomCounts.length];
if (counts.length < 2)
throw new Exception("Nominal attribute has less than two distinct values!");
// Perform Laplace smoothing
for (int i = 0; i < counts.length; i++) counts[i] = nomCounts[i] + 1;
Utils.normalize(counts);
double[] stats = new double[counts.length - 1];
stats[0] = counts[0];
// Calculate cumulative probabilities
for (int i = 1; i < stats.length; i++) stats[i] = stats[i - 1] + counts[i];
m_AttributeStats.add(j, stats);
} else if (data.attribute(j).isNumeric()) {
// Get mean and standard deviation from the training data
double[] stats = new double[2];
stats[0] = data.meanOrMode(j);
stats[1] = Math.sqrt(data.variance(j));
m_AttributeStats.add(j, stats);
} else System.err.println("Decorate can only handle numeric and nominal values.");
}
}