protected List<String> toNames(Iterable<Programmer> programmers) {
   List<String> names = new ArrayList<>();
   for (Programmer programmer : programmers) {
     names.add(programmer.getName());
   }
   return names;
 }
 protected Programmer createProgrammer(
     final String firstName, final String lastName, final String programmingLanguage) {
   Programmer programmer = new Programmer(firstName, lastName);
   programmer.setId(ID_SEQUENCE.incrementAndGet());
   programmer.setProgrammingLanguage(programmingLanguage);
   return programmer;
 }
 protected Programmer save(final Programmer programmer) {
   getTemplate().put(programmer.getId(), programmer);
   return getTemplate().get(programmer.getId());
 }