// Generate code for a single tree root.
private void generateTree(OPT_BURS_TreeNode k, OPT_BURS_STATE burs) {
OPT_BURS_TreeNode child1 = k.child1;
OPT_BURS_TreeNode child2 = k.child2;
if (child1 != null) {
if (child2 != null) {
// k has two children; use register labeling to
// determine order that minimizes register pressure
if (k.isSuperNodeRoot()) {
byte act = burs.action[k.rule(k.getNonTerminal())];
if ((act & burs.RIGHT_CHILD_FIRST) != 0) {
// rule selected forces order of evaluation
generateTree(child2, burs);
generateTree(child1, burs);
} else {
generateTree(child1, burs);
generateTree(child2, burs);
}
} else {
generateTree(child1, burs);
generateTree(child2, burs);
}
} else {
generateTree(child1, burs);
}
} else if (child2 != null) {
generateTree(child2, burs);
}
if (k.isSuperNodeRoot()) {
int nonterminal = k.getNonTerminal();
int rule = k.rule(nonterminal);
burs.code(k, nonterminal, rule);
if (DEBUG) VM.sysWrite(k + " " + OPT_BURS_Debug.string[rule] + "\n");
}
}
/**
* Logic to select the appropriate guarding mechanism for the edge from caller to callee according
* to the controlling {@link OPT_Options}. If we are using IG_CODE_PATCH, then this method also
* records the required dependency. Precondition: lock on {@link VM_Class#OptCLDepManager} is
* held.
*
* @param caller The caller method
* @param callee The callee method
* @param codePatchSupported Can we use code patching at this call site?
*/
private byte chooseGuard(
VM_Method caller,
VM_Method singleImpl,
VM_Method callee,
OPT_CompilationState state,
boolean codePatchSupported) {
byte guard = state.getOptions().INLINING_GUARD;
if (codePatchSupported) {
if (VM.VerifyAssertions && VM.runningVM) {
VM._assert(VM_Lock.owns(VM_Class.OptCLDepManager));
}
if (guard == OPT_Options.IG_CODE_PATCH) {
if (OPT_ClassLoadingDependencyManager.TRACE || OPT_ClassLoadingDependencyManager.DEBUG) {
VM_Class.OptCLDepManager.report(
"CODE PATCH: Inlined " + singleImpl + " into " + caller + "\n");
}
VM_Class.OptCLDepManager.addNotOverriddenDependency(callee, state.getCompiledMethod());
}
} else if (guard == OPT_Options.IG_CODE_PATCH) {
guard = OPT_Options.IG_METHOD_TEST;
}
if (guard == OPT_Options.IG_METHOD_TEST && singleImpl.getDeclaringClass().isFinal()) {
// class test is more efficient and just as effective
guard = OPT_Options.IG_CLASS_TEST;
}
return guard;
}
/**
* Compute node congruence over the value number graph.
*
* <p>Algorithm: Muchnick pp. 348-355
*
* <p>Note: the Muchnick algorithm is buggy. In particular, it does not put all needed congruence
* classes on the worklist.
*
* <p>Two nodes in the value graph are congruent if one of the following holds:
*
* <ul>
* <li>they are the same node
* <li>their labels are identical constants
* <li>they have the same operators and their operands are congruent
* </ul>
*
* <p>Optimistic algorithm:
*
* <ul>
* <li>Initially assume all nodes with the same label are congruent
* <li>start a work list with all congruence classes that have multiple operands
* <li>choose a congruence class from the worklist. partition its elements into new congruence
* classes if we can discover that they are not congruent.
* <li>Add any newly created congruence classes to the work list.
* <li>(Here's the step Muchnick omits:) For each class C which has a dependence on any of the
* newly created congruence classes, add C to the work list
* <li>repeat until work list is empty
* </ul>
*
* <p>The following method breaks Muchnick's algorithm, which will assign m and n the same value
* number. Muchnick's problem is that it does not put the congruence class for 'int_mul' back on
* the worklist when we discover, for example, that i is not congruent to k
*
* <pre>
* public int foo(int a, int b, int c, int d, int e, int f, int g, int h) {
* int i = a+b;
* int j = c+d;
* int k = e+f;
* int l = g+h;
* int m = i * j;
* int n = k * l;
* int o = m/n;
* return o;
* }
* </pre>
*/
public void globalValueNumber() {
valueGraph = new OPT_ValueGraph(ir);
if (DEBUG) VM.sysWrite(valueGraph.toString());
// initialize the congurence classes
initialize();
// initialize the work list
initializeWorkList();
// drain the work list
while (!workList.empty()) {
OPT_GVCongruenceClass partition = (OPT_GVCongruenceClass) workList.pop();
partitionClass(partition);
}
// all done
if (DEBUG) printValueNumbers();
}
/**
* Should we inline a particular call site?
*
* @param state information needed to make the inlining decision
* @return an OPT_InlineDecision with the result
*/
public OPT_InlineDecision shouldInline(final OPT_CompilationState state) {
final OPT_Options opts = state.getOptions();
final boolean verbose = opts.PRINT_DETAILED_INLINE_REPORT;
if (!opts.INLINE) {
return OPT_InlineDecision.NO("inlining not enabled");
}
final VM_Method staticCallee = state.obtainTarget();
final VM_NormalMethod rootMethod = state.getRootMethod();
final VM_Method caller = state.getMethod();
final int bcIndex = state.getBytecodeIndex();
if (verbose)
VM.sysWriteln(
"Begin inline decision for " + "<" + caller + "," + bcIndex + "," + staticCallee + ">");
// Stage 1: At all optimization levels we should attempt to inline
// trivial methods. Even if the inline code is never executed,
// inlining a trivial method is a no cost operation as the impact
// on code size should be negligible and compile time usually is
// reduced since we expect to eliminate the call instruction (or
// at worse replace one call instruction with another one).
if (!state.isInvokeInterface()) {
if (staticCallee.isNative()) {
if (verbose) VM.sysWriteln("\tNO: native method\n");
return OPT_InlineDecision.NO("native method");
}
if (hasNoInlinePragma(staticCallee, state)) {
if (verbose) VM.sysWriteln("\tNO: pragmaNoInline\n");
return OPT_InlineDecision.NO("pragmaNoInline");
}
if (!staticCallee.isAbstract()) {
int inlinedSizeEstimate = inlinedSizeEstimate((VM_NormalMethod) staticCallee, state);
boolean guardless = state.getHasPreciseTarget() || !needsGuard(staticCallee);
if (inlinedSizeEstimate < opts.IC_MAX_ALWAYS_INLINE_TARGET_SIZE
&& guardless
&& !state.getSequence().containsMethod(staticCallee)) {
if (verbose) VM.sysWriteln("\tYES: trivial guardless inline\n");
return OPT_InlineDecision.YES(staticCallee, "trivial inline");
}
}
}
if (opts.getOptLevel() == 0) {
// at opt level 0, trivial unguarded inlines are the only kind we consider
if (verbose) VM.sysWriteln("\tNO: only do trivial inlines at O0\n");
return OPT_InlineDecision.NO("Only do trivial inlines at O0");
}
if (rootMethod.inlinedSizeEstimate() > opts.IC_MASSIVE_METHOD_SIZE) {
// In massive methods, we do not do any additional inlining to
// avoid completely blowing out compile time by making a bad situation worse
if (verbose) VM.sysWriteln("\tNO: only do trivial inlines into massive methods\n");
return OPT_InlineDecision.NO("Root method is massive; no non-trivial inlines");
}
// Stage 2: Determine based on profile data and static information
// what are the possible targets of this call.
//
VM_WeightedCallTargets targets = null;
boolean purelyStatic = true;
if (VM_Controller.dcg != null && VM_Controller.options.ADAPTIVE_INLINING) {
targets = VM_Controller.dcg.getCallTargets(caller, bcIndex);
if (targets != null) {
if (verbose) VM.sysWriteln("\tFound profile data");
purelyStatic = false;
if (state.getHasPreciseTarget()) {
// static analysis tells us that there is only one possible target.
// Filter the profile information accordingly.
targets = targets.filter(staticCallee);
if (verbose) VM.sysWriteln("\tFiltered to match precise target");
if (targets == null) {
if (verbose) VM.sysWriteln("\tNow no profile data...");
// After filtering, no matching profile data, fall back to
// static information to avoid degradations
targets = VM_WeightedCallTargets.create(staticCallee, 0);
purelyStatic = true;
}
}
}
}
// Critical section: must prevent class hierarchy from changing while
// we are inspecting it to determine how/whether to do the inline guard.
synchronized (VM_Class.OptCLDepManager) {
boolean guardOverrideOnStaticCallee = false;
if (targets == null) {
if (verbose) VM.sysWriteln("\tNo profile data");
// No profile information.
// Fake up "profile data" based on static information to
// be able to share all the decision making logic.
if (state.isInvokeInterface()) {
if (opts.GUARDED_INLINE_INTERFACE) {
VM_Method singleImpl = OPT_InterfaceHierarchy.getUniqueImplementation(staticCallee);
if (singleImpl != null && hasBody(singleImpl)) {
if (verbose)
VM.sysWriteln(
"\tFound a single implementation "
+ singleImpl
+ " of an interface method "
+ staticCallee);
targets = VM_WeightedCallTargets.create(singleImpl, 0);
guardOverrideOnStaticCallee = true;
}
}
} else {
// invokestatic, invokevirtual, invokespecial
if (staticCallee.isAbstract()) {
// look for single non-abstract implementation of the abstract method
VM_Class klass = staticCallee.getDeclaringClass();
while (true) {
VM_Class[] subClasses = klass.getSubClasses();
if (subClasses.length != 1) break; // multiple subclasses => multiple targets
VM_Method singleImpl =
subClasses[0].findDeclaredMethod(
staticCallee.getName(), staticCallee.getDescriptor());
if (singleImpl != null && !singleImpl.isAbstract()) {
// found something
if (verbose) VM.sysWriteln("\tsingle impl of abstract method");
targets = VM_WeightedCallTargets.create(singleImpl, 0);
guardOverrideOnStaticCallee = true;
break;
}
klass = subClasses[0]; // keep crawling down the hierarchy
}
} else {
targets = VM_WeightedCallTargets.create(staticCallee, 0);
}
}
}
// At this point targets is either null, or accurately represents what we
// think are the likely target(s) of the call site.
// This information may be either derived from profile information or
// from static heuristics. To the first approximation, we don't care which.
// If there is a precise target, then targets contains exactly that target method.
if (targets == null) return OPT_InlineDecision.NO("No potential targets identified");
// Stage 3: We have one or more targets. Determine what if anything should be done with them.
final ArrayList methodsToInline = new ArrayList();
final ArrayList methodsNeedGuard = new ArrayList();
final double callSiteWeight = targets.totalWeight();
final boolean goosc = guardOverrideOnStaticCallee; // real closures anyone?
final boolean ps = purelyStatic; // real closures anyone?
targets.visitTargets(
new VM_WeightedCallTargets.Visitor() {
public void visit(VM_Method callee, double weight) {
if (hasBody(callee)) {
if (verbose) {
VM.sysWriteln(
"\tEvaluating target "
+ callee
+ " with "
+ weight
+ " samples ("
+ (100 * VM_AdaptiveInlining.adjustedWeight(weight))
+ "%)");
}
// Don't inline recursively and respect no inline pragmas
OPT_InlineSequence seq = state.getSequence();
if (seq.containsMethod(callee)) {
if (verbose) VM.sysWriteln("\t\tReject: recursive");
return;
}
if (hasNoInlinePragma(callee, state)) {
if (verbose) VM.sysWriteln("\t\tReject: noinline pragma");
return;
}
// more or less figure out the guard situation early -- impacts size estimate.
boolean needsGuard =
!state.getHasPreciseTarget()
&& (staticCallee != callee || needsGuard(staticCallee));
if (needsGuard && isForbiddenSpeculation(state.getRootMethod(), callee)) {
if (verbose) VM.sysWriteln("\t\tReject: forbidden speculation");
return;
}
boolean currentlyFinal =
(goosc || (staticCallee == callee))
&& isCurrentlyFinal(callee, !opts.guardWithClassTest());
boolean preEx =
needsGuard && state.getIsExtant() && opts.PREEX_INLINE && currentlyFinal;
if (needsGuard && !preEx) {
if (!opts.GUARDED_INLINE) {
if (verbose) VM.sysWriteln("\t\tReject: guarded inlining disabled");
return;
}
if (!currentlyFinal && ps) {
if (verbose) VM.sysWriteln("\t\tReject: multiple targets and no profile data");
return;
}
}
// Estimate cost of performing this inlining action.
// Includes cost of guard & off-branch call if they are going to be generated.
boolean decideYes = false;
if (hasInlinePragma(callee, state)) {
if (verbose) VM.sysWriteln("\t\tSelect: pragma inline");
decideYes = true;
} else {
// Preserve previous inlining decisions
// Not the best thing in the world due to phase shifts, but
// it does buy some degree of stability. So, it is probably the lesser
// of two evils.
VM_CompiledMethod prev = state.getRootMethod().getCurrentCompiledMethod();
if (prev != null && prev.getCompilerType() == VM_CompiledMethod.OPT) {
if (((VM_OptCompiledMethod) prev)
.getMCMap()
.hasInlinedEdge(caller, bcIndex, callee)) {
if (verbose) VM.sysWriteln("\t\tSelect: Previously inlined");
decideYes = true;
}
}
if (!decideYes) {
int inlinedSizeEstimate = inlinedSizeEstimate((VM_NormalMethod) callee, state);
int cost = inliningActionCost(inlinedSizeEstimate, needsGuard, preEx, opts);
int maxCost = opts.IC_MAX_TARGET_SIZE;
if (callSiteWeight > VM_Controller.options.AI_SEED_MULTIPLIER) {
// real profile data with enough samples for us to trust it.
// Use weight and shape of call site distrubution to compute
// a higher maxCost.
double fractionOfSample = weight / callSiteWeight;
if (needsGuard && fractionOfSample < opts.AI_MIN_CALLSITE_FRACTION) {
// This call accounts for less than AI_MIN_CALLSITE_FRACTION
// of the profiled targets at this call site.
// It is highly unlikely to be profitable to inline it.
if (verbose)
VM.sysWriteln(
"\t\tReject: less than AI_MIN_CALLSITE_FRACTION of distribution");
maxCost = 0;
} else {
if (cost > maxCost) {
// adjust up based on weight of callsite
double adjustedWeight = VM_AdaptiveInlining.adjustedWeight(weight);
if (adjustedWeight > VM_Controller.options.AI_CONTROL_POINT) {
maxCost = opts.AI_MAX_TARGET_SIZE;
} else {
int range = opts.AI_MAX_TARGET_SIZE - opts.IC_MAX_TARGET_SIZE;
double slope =
((double) range) / VM_Controller.options.AI_CONTROL_POINT;
int sizeAdj = (int) (slope * adjustedWeight);
maxCost += sizeAdj;
}
}
}
}
// Somewhat bogus, but if we get really deeply inlined we start backing off.
int curDepth = state.getInlineDepth();
if (curDepth > opts.IC_MAX_INLINE_DEPTH) {
maxCost /= (curDepth - opts.IC_MAX_INLINE_DEPTH + 1);
}
decideYes = cost <= maxCost;
if (verbose) {
if (decideYes) {
VM.sysWriteln(
"\t\tAccept: cost of " + cost + " was below threshold " + maxCost);
} else {
VM.sysWriteln(
"\t\tReject: cost of " + cost + " was above threshold " + maxCost);
}
}
}
}
if (decideYes) {
// Ok, we're going to inline it.
// Record that and also whether or not we think it needs a guard.
methodsToInline.add(callee);
if (preEx) {
if (OPT_ClassLoadingDependencyManager.TRACE
|| OPT_ClassLoadingDependencyManager.DEBUG) {
VM_Class.OptCLDepManager.report(
"PREEX_INLINE: Inlined " + callee + " into " + caller + "\n");
}
VM_Class.OptCLDepManager.addNotOverriddenDependency(
callee, state.getCompiledMethod());
if (goosc) {
VM_Class.OptCLDepManager.addNotOverriddenDependency(
staticCallee, state.getCompiledMethod());
}
methodsNeedGuard.add(Boolean.FALSE);
} else {
methodsNeedGuard.add(Boolean.valueOf(needsGuard));
}
}
}
}
});
// Stage 4: Choose guards and package up the results in an InlineDecision object
if (methodsToInline.size() == 0) {
OPT_InlineDecision d = OPT_InlineDecision.NO("No desirable targets");
if (verbose) VM.sysWriteln("\tDecide: " + d);
return d;
} else if (methodsToInline.size() == 1) {
VM_Method target = (VM_Method) methodsToInline.get(0);
boolean needsGuard = ((Boolean) methodsNeedGuard.get(0)).booleanValue();
if (needsGuard) {
if ((guardOverrideOnStaticCallee || target == staticCallee)
&& isCurrentlyFinal(target, !opts.guardWithClassTest())) {
OPT_InlineDecision d =
OPT_InlineDecision.guardedYES(
target,
chooseGuard(caller, target, staticCallee, state, true),
"Guarded inline of single static target");
// -#if RVM_WITH_OSR
if (opts.OSR_GUARDED_INLINING
&& OPT_Compiler.getAppStarted()
&& VM_Controller.options.ENABLE_RECOMPILATION) {
// note that we will OSR the failed case.
d.setOSRTestFailed();
}
// -#endif
if (verbose) VM.sysWriteln("\tDecide: " + d);
return d;
} else {
OPT_InlineDecision d =
OPT_InlineDecision.guardedYES(
target,
chooseGuard(caller, target, staticCallee, state, false),
"Guarded inlining of one potential target");
if (verbose) VM.sysWriteln("\tDecide: " + d);
return d;
}
} else {
OPT_InlineDecision d = OPT_InlineDecision.YES(target, "Unique and desirable target");
if (verbose) VM.sysWriteln("\tDecide: " + d);
return d;
}
} else {
VM_Method[] methods = new VM_Method[methodsNeedGuard.size()];
byte[] guards = new byte[methods.length];
int idx = 0;
for (Iterator methodIterator = methodsToInline.iterator(),
guardIterator = methodsNeedGuard.iterator();
methodIterator.hasNext(); ) {
VM_Method target = (VM_Method) methodIterator.next();
boolean needsGuard = ((Boolean) guardIterator.next()).booleanValue();
if (VM.VerifyAssertions) VM._assert(needsGuard);
methods[idx] = target;
guards[idx] = chooseGuard(caller, target, staticCallee, state, false);
idx++;
}
OPT_InlineDecision d =
OPT_InlineDecision.guardedYES(methods, guards, "Inline multiple targets");
if (verbose) VM.sysWriteln("\tDecide: " + d);
return d;
}
}
}