@Override
  public SeekStatus seekCeil(final BytesRef target) throws IOException {
    if (fr.index == null) {
      throw new IllegalStateException("terms index was not loaded");
    }

    term.grow(1 + target.length);

    assert clearEOF();

    // if (DEBUG) {
    // System.out.println("\nBTTR.seekCeil seg=" + segment + " target=" + fieldInfo.name + ":" +
    // target.utf8ToString() + " " + target + " current=" + brToString(term) + " (exists?=" +
    // termExists + ") validIndexPrefix=  " + validIndexPrefix);
    // printSeekState();
    // }

    FST.Arc<Pair<BytesRef, Long>> arc;
    int targetUpto;
    Pair<BytesRef, Long> output;

    targetBeforeCurrentLength = currentFrame.ord;

    if (currentFrame != staticFrame) {

      // We are already seek'd; find the common
      // prefix of new seek term vs current term and
      // re-use the corresponding seek state.  For
      // example, if app first seeks to foobar, then
      // seeks to foobaz, we can re-use the seek state
      // for the first 5 bytes.

      // if (DEBUG) {
      // System.out.println("  re-use current seek state validIndexPrefix=" + validIndexPrefix);
      // }

      arc = arcs[0];
      assert arc.isFinal();
      output = arc.output;
      targetUpto = 0;

      IDVersionSegmentTermsEnumFrame lastFrame = stack[0];
      assert validIndexPrefix <= term.length();

      final int targetLimit = Math.min(target.length, validIndexPrefix);

      int cmp = 0;

      // TODO: we should write our vLong backwards (MSB
      // first) to get better sharing from the FST

      // First compare up to valid seek frames:
      while (targetUpto < targetLimit) {
        cmp = (term.byteAt(targetUpto) & 0xFF) - (target.bytes[target.offset + targetUpto] & 0xFF);
        // if (DEBUG) {
        // System.out.println("    cycle targetUpto=" + targetUpto + " (vs limit=" + targetLimit +
        // ") cmp=" + cmp + " (targetLabel=" + (char) (target.bytes[target.offset + targetUpto]) + "
        // vs termLabel=" + (char) (term.bytes[targetUpto]) + ")"   + " arc.output=" + arc.output +
        // " output=" + output);
        // }
        if (cmp != 0) {
          break;
        }
        arc = arcs[1 + targetUpto];
        assert arc.label == (target.bytes[target.offset + targetUpto] & 0xFF)
            : "arc.label="
                + (char) arc.label
                + " targetLabel="
                + (char) (target.bytes[target.offset + targetUpto] & 0xFF);
        // TODO: we could save the outputs in local
        // byte[][] instead of making new objs ever
        // seek; but, often the FST doesn't have any
        // shared bytes (but this could change if we
        // reverse vLong byte order)
        if (arc.output != VersionBlockTreeTermsWriter.NO_OUTPUT) {
          output = VersionBlockTreeTermsWriter.FST_OUTPUTS.add(output, arc.output);
        }
        if (arc.isFinal()) {
          lastFrame = stack[1 + lastFrame.ord];
        }
        targetUpto++;
      }

      if (cmp == 0) {
        final int targetUptoMid = targetUpto;
        // Second compare the rest of the term, but
        // don't save arc/output/frame:
        final int targetLimit2 = Math.min(target.length, term.length());
        while (targetUpto < targetLimit2) {
          cmp =
              (term.byteAt(targetUpto) & 0xFF) - (target.bytes[target.offset + targetUpto] & 0xFF);
          // if (DEBUG) {
          // System.out.println("    cycle2 targetUpto=" + targetUpto + " (vs limit=" + targetLimit
          // + ") cmp=" + cmp + " (targetLabel=" + (char) (target.bytes[target.offset + targetUpto])
          // + " vs termLabel=" + (char) (term.bytes[targetUpto]) + ")");
          // }
          if (cmp != 0) {
            break;
          }
          targetUpto++;
        }

        if (cmp == 0) {
          cmp = term.length() - target.length;
        }
        targetUpto = targetUptoMid;
      }

      if (cmp < 0) {
        // Common case: target term is after current
        // term, ie, app is seeking multiple terms
        // in sorted order
        // if (DEBUG) {
        // System.out.println("  target is after current (shares prefixLen=" + targetUpto + ");
        // clear frame.scanned ord=" + lastFrame.ord);
        // }
        currentFrame = lastFrame;

      } else if (cmp > 0) {
        // Uncommon case: target term
        // is before current term; this means we can
        // keep the currentFrame but we must rewind it
        // (so we scan from the start)
        targetBeforeCurrentLength = 0;
        // if (DEBUG) {
        // System.out.println("  target is before current (shares prefixLen=" + targetUpto + ");
        // rewind frame ord=" + lastFrame.ord);
        // }
        currentFrame = lastFrame;
        currentFrame.rewind();
      } else {
        // Target is exactly the same as current term
        assert term.length() == target.length;
        if (termExists) {
          // if (DEBUG) {
          // System.out.println("  target is same as current; return FOUND");
          // }
          return SeekStatus.FOUND;
        } else {
          // if (DEBUG) {
          // System.out.println("  target is same as current but term doesn't exist");
          // }
        }
      }

    } else {

      targetBeforeCurrentLength = -1;
      arc = fr.index.getFirstArc(arcs[0]);

      // Empty string prefix must have an output (block) in the index!
      assert arc.isFinal();
      assert arc.output != null;

      // if (DEBUG) {
      // System.out.println("    no seek state; push root frame");
      // }

      output = arc.output;

      currentFrame = staticFrame;

      // term.length = 0;
      targetUpto = 0;
      currentFrame =
          pushFrame(
              arc, VersionBlockTreeTermsWriter.FST_OUTPUTS.add(output, arc.nextFinalOutput), 0);
    }

    // if (DEBUG) {
    // System.out.println("  start index loop targetUpto=" + targetUpto + " output=" + output + "
    // currentFrame.ord+1=" + currentFrame.ord + " targetBeforeCurrentLength=" +
    // targetBeforeCurrentLength);
    // }

    // We are done sharing the common prefix with the incoming target and where we are currently
    // seek'd; now continue walking the index:
    while (targetUpto < target.length) {

      final int targetLabel = target.bytes[target.offset + targetUpto] & 0xFF;

      final FST.Arc<Pair<BytesRef, Long>> nextArc =
          fr.index.findTargetArc(targetLabel, arc, getArc(1 + targetUpto), fstReader);

      if (nextArc == null) {

        // Index is exhausted
        // if (DEBUG) {
        //   System.out.println("    index: index exhausted label=" + ((char) targetLabel) + " " +
        // toHex(targetLabel));
        // }

        validIndexPrefix = currentFrame.prefix;
        // validIndexPrefix = targetUpto;

        currentFrame.scanToFloorFrame(target);

        currentFrame.loadBlock();

        final SeekStatus result = currentFrame.scanToTerm(target, false);
        if (result == SeekStatus.END) {
          term.copyBytes(target);
          termExists = false;

          if (next() != null) {
            // if (DEBUG) {
            // System.out.println("  return NOT_FOUND term=" + brToString(term) + " " + term);
            // }
            return SeekStatus.NOT_FOUND;
          } else {
            // if (DEBUG) {
            // System.out.println("  return END");
            // }
            return SeekStatus.END;
          }
        } else {
          // if (DEBUG) {
          // System.out.println("  return " + result + " term=" + brToString(term) + " " + term);
          // }
          return result;
        }
      } else {
        // Follow this arc
        term.setByteAt(targetUpto, (byte) targetLabel);
        arc = nextArc;
        // Aggregate output as we go:
        assert arc.output != null;
        if (arc.output != VersionBlockTreeTermsWriter.NO_OUTPUT) {
          output = VersionBlockTreeTermsWriter.FST_OUTPUTS.add(output, arc.output);
        }

        // if (DEBUG) {
        // System.out.println("    index: follow label=" + toHex(target.bytes[target.offset +
        // targetUpto]&0xff) + " arc.output=" + arc.output + " arc.nfo=" + arc.nextFinalOutput);
        // }
        targetUpto++;

        if (arc.isFinal()) {
          // if (DEBUG) System.out.println("    arc is final!");
          currentFrame =
              pushFrame(
                  arc,
                  VersionBlockTreeTermsWriter.FST_OUTPUTS.add(output, arc.nextFinalOutput),
                  targetUpto);
          // if (DEBUG) System.out.println("    curFrame.ord=" + currentFrame.ord + " hasTerms=" +
          // currentFrame.hasTerms);
        }
      }
    }

    // validIndexPrefix = targetUpto;
    validIndexPrefix = currentFrame.prefix;

    currentFrame.scanToFloorFrame(target);

    currentFrame.loadBlock();

    final SeekStatus result = currentFrame.scanToTerm(target, false);

    if (result == SeekStatus.END) {
      term.copyBytes(target);
      termExists = false;
      if (next() != null) {
        // if (DEBUG) {
        // System.out.println("  return NOT_FOUND term=" + term.utf8ToString() + " " + term);
        // }
        return SeekStatus.NOT_FOUND;
      } else {
        // if (DEBUG) {
        // System.out.println("  return END");
        // }
        return SeekStatus.END;
      }
    } else {
      return result;
    }
  }
  /**
   * Optimized version of {@link #seekExact(BytesRef)} that can sometimes fail-fast if the version
   * indexed with the requested ID is less than the specified minIDVersion. Applications that index
   * a monotonically increasing global version with each document can use this for fast optimistic
   * concurrency.
   */
  public boolean seekExact(final BytesRef target, long minIDVersion) throws IOException {

    if (fr.index == null) {
      throw new IllegalStateException("terms index was not loaded");
    }

    term.grow(1 + target.length);

    assert clearEOF();

    //  if (DEBUG) {
    //    System.out.println("\nBTTR.seekExact seg=" + fr.parent.segment + " target=" +
    // fr.fieldInfo.name + ":" + brToString(target) + " minIDVersion=" + minIDVersion + " current="
    // + brToString(term) + " (exists?=" + termExists + ") validIndexPrefix=" + validIndexPrefix);
    //   printSeekState(System.out);
    //  }

    FST.Arc<Pair<BytesRef, Long>> arc;
    int targetUpto;
    Pair<BytesRef, Long> output;

    long startFrameFP = currentFrame.fp;

    targetBeforeCurrentLength = currentFrame.ord;

    boolean changed = false;

    // TODO: we could stop earlier w/ the version check, every time we traverse an index arc we can
    // check?

    if (currentFrame != staticFrame) {

      // We are already seek'd; find the common
      // prefix of new seek term vs current term and
      // re-use the corresponding seek state.  For
      // example, if app first seeks to foobar, then
      // seeks to foobaz, we can re-use the seek state
      // for the first 5 bytes.

      // if (DEBUG) {
      //    System.out.println("  re-use current seek state validIndexPrefix=" + validIndexPrefix);
      //  }

      arc = arcs[0];
      assert arc.isFinal();
      output = arc.output;
      targetUpto = 0;

      IDVersionSegmentTermsEnumFrame lastFrame = stack[0];
      assert validIndexPrefix <= term.length()
          : "validIndexPrefix="
              + validIndexPrefix
              + " term.length="
              + term.length()
              + " seg="
              + fr.parent;

      final int targetLimit = Math.min(target.length, validIndexPrefix);

      int cmp = 0;

      // TODO: reverse vLong byte order for better FST
      // prefix output sharing

      // First compare up to valid seek frames:
      while (targetUpto < targetLimit) {
        cmp = (term.byteAt(targetUpto) & 0xFF) - (target.bytes[target.offset + targetUpto] & 0xFF);
        // if (DEBUG) {
        //    System.out.println("    cycle targetUpto=" + targetUpto + " (vs limit=" + targetLimit
        // + ") cmp=" + cmp + " (targetLabel=" + (char) (target.bytes[target.offset + targetUpto]) +
        // " vs termLabel=" + (char) (term.bytes[targetUpto]) + ")"   + " arc.output=" + arc.output
        // + " output=" + output);
        // }
        if (cmp != 0) {
          break;
        }
        arc = arcs[1 + targetUpto];
        // if (arc.label != (target.bytes[target.offset + targetUpto] & 0xFF)) {
        // System.out.println("FAIL: arc.label=" + (char) arc.label + " targetLabel=" + (char)
        // (target.bytes[target.offset + targetUpto] & 0xFF));
        // }
        assert arc.label == (target.bytes[target.offset + targetUpto] & 0xFF)
            : "arc.label="
                + (char) arc.label
                + " targetLabel="
                + (char) (target.bytes[target.offset + targetUpto] & 0xFF);
        if (arc.output != VersionBlockTreeTermsWriter.NO_OUTPUT) {
          output = VersionBlockTreeTermsWriter.FST_OUTPUTS.add(output, arc.output);
        }
        if (arc.isFinal()) {
          lastFrame = stack[1 + lastFrame.ord];
        }
        targetUpto++;
      }

      if (cmp == 0) {
        final int targetUptoMid = targetUpto;

        // Second compare the rest of the term, but
        // don't save arc/output/frame; we only do this
        // to find out if the target term is before,
        // equal or after the current term
        final int targetLimit2 = Math.min(target.length, term.length());
        while (targetUpto < targetLimit2) {
          cmp =
              (term.byteAt(targetUpto) & 0xFF) - (target.bytes[target.offset + targetUpto] & 0xFF);
          // if (DEBUG) {
          //    System.out.println("    cycle2 targetUpto=" + targetUpto + " (vs limit=" +
          // targetLimit + ") cmp=" + cmp + " (targetLabel=" + (char) (target.bytes[target.offset +
          // targetUpto]) + " vs termLabel=" + (char) (term.bytes[targetUpto]) + ")");
          // }
          if (cmp != 0) {
            break;
          }
          targetUpto++;
        }

        if (cmp == 0) {
          cmp = term.length() - target.length;
        }
        targetUpto = targetUptoMid;
      }

      if (cmp < 0) {
        // Common case: target term is after current
        // term, ie, app is seeking multiple terms
        // in sorted order
        // if (DEBUG) {
        //    System.out.println("  target is after current (shares prefixLen=" + targetUpto + ");
        // frame.ord=" + lastFrame.ord + "; targetUpto=" + targetUpto);
        //  }
        currentFrame = lastFrame;

      } else if (cmp > 0) {
        // Uncommon case: target term
        // is before current term; this means we can
        // keep the currentFrame but we must rewind it
        // (so we scan from the start)
        targetBeforeCurrentLength = 0;
        changed = true;
        // if (DEBUG) {
        //    System.out.println("  target is before current (shares prefixLen=" + targetUpto + ");
        // rewind frame ord=" + lastFrame.ord);
        //  }
        currentFrame = lastFrame;
        currentFrame.rewind();
      } else {
        // Target is exactly the same as current term
        assert term.length() == target.length;
        if (termExists) {

          if (currentFrame.maxIDVersion < minIDVersion) {
            // The max version for all terms in this block is lower than the minVersion
            // if (DEBUG) {
            //   System.out.println("  target is same as current maxIDVersion=" +
            // currentFrame.maxIDVersion + " is < minIDVersion=" + minIDVersion + "; return false");
            // }
            return false;
          }

          currentFrame.decodeMetaData();
          if (((IDVersionTermState) currentFrame.state).idVersion < minIDVersion) {
            // This term's version is lower than the minVersion
            // if (DEBUG) {
            //   System.out.println("  target is same as current but version=" +
            // ((IDVersionTermState) currentFrame.state).idVersion + " is < minIDVersion=" +
            // minIDVersion + "; return false");
            // }
            return false;
          }
          // System.out.println("  term version=" + ((IDVersionTermState)
          // currentFrame.state).idVersion + " frame version=" + currentFrame.maxIDVersion + " frame
          // ord=" + currentFrame.ord);

          // if (DEBUG) {
          //    System.out.println("  target is same as current; return true");
          //  }
          return true;
        } else {
          // if (DEBUG) {
          //    System.out.println("  target is same as current but term doesn't exist");
          //  }
        }
        // validIndexPrefix = currentFrame.depth;
        // term.length = target.length;
        // return termExists;
      }

    } else {

      targetBeforeCurrentLength = -1;
      arc = fr.index.getFirstArc(arcs[0]);
      // System.out.println("first arc=" + arc);

      // Empty string prefix must have an output (block) in the index!
      assert arc.isFinal();
      assert arc.output != null;

      // if (DEBUG) {
      //    System.out.println("    no seek state; push root frame");
      //  }

      output = arc.output;

      currentFrame = staticFrame;

      // term.length = 0;
      targetUpto = 0;
      currentFrame =
          pushFrame(
              arc, VersionBlockTreeTermsWriter.FST_OUTPUTS.add(output, arc.nextFinalOutput), 0);
    }

    // if (DEBUG) {
    //   System.out.println("  start index loop targetUpto=" + targetUpto + " output=" + output + "
    // currentFrame.ord=" + currentFrame.ord + " targetBeforeCurrentLength=" +
    // targetBeforeCurrentLength + " termExists=" + termExists);
    // }

    // We are done sharing the common prefix with the incoming target and where we are currently
    // seek'd; now continue walking the index:
    while (targetUpto < target.length) {

      final int targetLabel = target.bytes[target.offset + targetUpto] & 0xFF;

      final FST.Arc<Pair<BytesRef, Long>> nextArc =
          fr.index.findTargetArc(targetLabel, arc, getArc(1 + targetUpto), fstReader);

      if (nextArc == null) {

        // Index is exhausted
        // if (DEBUG) {
        //    System.out.println("    index: index exhausted label=" + ((char) targetLabel) + " " +
        // Integer.toHexString(targetLabel) + " termExists=" + termExists);
        //  }

        validIndexPrefix = currentFrame.prefix;
        // validIndexPrefix = targetUpto;

        currentFrame.scanToFloorFrame(target);

        if (!currentFrame.hasTerms) {
          termExists = false;
          term.setByteAt(targetUpto, (byte) targetLabel);
          term.setLength(1 + targetUpto);
          // if (DEBUG) {
          //    System.out.println("  FAST NOT_FOUND term=" + brToString(term));
          //  }
          return false;
        }
        // System.out.println("  check maxVersion=" + currentFrame.maxIDVersion + " vs " +
        // minIDVersion);

        // if (DEBUG) {
        //   System.out.println("  frame.maxIDVersion=" + currentFrame.maxIDVersion +  " vs
        // minIDVersion=" + minIDVersion);
        // }

        if (currentFrame.maxIDVersion < minIDVersion) {
          // The max version for all terms in this block is lower than the minVersion
          if (currentFrame.fp != startFrameFP || changed) {
            // if (targetUpto+1 > term.length) {
            termExists = false;
            term.setByteAt(targetUpto, (byte) targetLabel);
            term.setLength(1 + targetUpto);
            // if (DEBUG) {
            //   System.out.println("    reset current term");
            // }
            validIndexPrefix = Math.min(validIndexPrefix, term.length());
          }
          // if (currentFrame.ord != startFrameOrd) {
          // termExists = false;
          // }
          // if (DEBUG) {
          //   System.out.println("    FAST version NOT_FOUND term=" + brToString(term) + "
          // targetUpto=" + targetUpto + " currentFrame.maxIDVersion=" + currentFrame.maxIDVersion +
          // " validIndexPrefix=" + validIndexPrefix + " startFrameFP=" + startFrameFP + " vs " +
          // currentFrame.fp + " termExists=" + termExists);
          // }
          return false;
        }

        currentFrame.loadBlock();

        // if (DEBUG) {
        //   System.out.println("    scan currentFrame ord=" + currentFrame.ord);
        // }
        final SeekStatus result = currentFrame.scanToTerm(target, true);
        if (result == SeekStatus.FOUND) {
          currentFrame.decodeMetaData();
          if (((IDVersionTermState) currentFrame.state).idVersion < minIDVersion) {
            // This term's version is lower than the minVersion
            // if (DEBUG) {
            //   System.out.println("    return NOT_FOUND: idVersion=" + ((IDVersionTermState)
            // currentFrame.state).idVersion + " vs minIDVersion=" + minIDVersion);
            // }
            return false;
          }

          // if (DEBUG) {
          //    System.out.println("  return FOUND term=" + term.utf8ToString() + " " + term);
          //  }

          return true;
        } else {
          // if (DEBUG) {
          //    System.out.println("  got " + result + "; return NOT_FOUND term=" +
          // brToString(term));
          // }
          return false;
        }
      } else {
        // Follow this arc
        arc = nextArc;
        if (term.byteAt(targetUpto) != (byte) targetLabel) {
          // if (DEBUG) {
          //   System.out.println("  now set termExists=false targetUpto=" + targetUpto + " term=" +
          // term.bytes[targetUpto] + " targetLabel=" + targetLabel);
          // }
          changed = true;
          term.setByteAt(targetUpto, (byte) targetLabel);
          termExists = false;
        }
        // Aggregate output as we go:
        assert arc.output != null;
        if (arc.output != VersionBlockTreeTermsWriter.NO_OUTPUT) {
          output = VersionBlockTreeTermsWriter.FST_OUTPUTS.add(output, arc.output);
        }

        // if (DEBUG) {
        //    System.out.println("    index: follow label=" + (char) ((target.bytes[target.offset +
        // targetUpto]&0xff)) + " arc.output=" + arc.output + " arc.nfo=" + arc.nextFinalOutput);
        //  }
        targetUpto++;

        if (arc.isFinal()) {
          // if (DEBUG) System.out.println("    arc is final!");
          currentFrame =
              pushFrame(
                  arc,
                  VersionBlockTreeTermsWriter.FST_OUTPUTS.add(output, arc.nextFinalOutput),
                  targetUpto);
          // if (DEBUG) System.out.println("    curFrame.ord=" + currentFrame.ord + " hasTerms=" +
          // currentFrame.hasTerms);
        }
      }
    }

    // validIndexPrefix = targetUpto;
    validIndexPrefix = currentFrame.prefix;

    currentFrame.scanToFloorFrame(target);

    // Target term is entirely contained in the index:
    if (!currentFrame.hasTerms) {
      termExists = false;
      term.setLength(targetUpto);
      // if (DEBUG) {
      //    System.out.println("  FAST NOT_FOUND term=" + brToString(term));
      //  }
      return false;
    }

    // if (DEBUG) {
    //   System.out.println("  frame.maxIDVersion=" + currentFrame.maxIDVersion +  " vs
    // minIDVersion=" + minIDVersion);
    // }

    if (currentFrame.maxIDVersion < minIDVersion) {
      // The max version for all terms in this block is lower than the minVersion
      termExists = false;
      term.setLength(targetUpto);
      return false;
    }

    currentFrame.loadBlock();

    final SeekStatus result = currentFrame.scanToTerm(target, true);
    if (result == SeekStatus.FOUND) {
      // if (DEBUG) {
      //    System.out.println("  return FOUND term=" + term.utf8ToString() + " " + term);
      //  }
      currentFrame.decodeMetaData();
      if (((IDVersionTermState) currentFrame.state).idVersion < minIDVersion) {
        // This term's version is lower than the minVersion
        return false;
      }
      return true;
    } else {
      // if (DEBUG) {
      //    System.out.println("  got result " + result + "; return NOT_FOUND term=" +
      // term.utf8ToString());
      //  }

      return false;
    }
  }