/**
  * Initiates an orderly shutdown in which preexisting calls continue but new calls are immediately
  * cancelled.
  */
 @Override
 public ManagedChannelImpl shutdown() {
   ArrayList<TransportSet> transportsCopy = new ArrayList<TransportSet>();
   synchronized (lock) {
     if (shutdown) {
       return this;
     }
     shutdown = true;
     // After shutdown there are no new calls, so no new cancellation tasks are needed
     scheduledExecutor = SharedResourceHolder.release(TIMER_SERVICE, scheduledExecutor);
     if (transports.isEmpty()) {
       terminated = true;
       lock.notifyAll();
       onChannelTerminated();
     } else {
       transportsCopy.addAll(transports.values());
     }
   }
   loadBalancer.shutdown();
   nameResolver.shutdown();
   for (TransportSet ts : transportsCopy) {
     ts.shutdown();
   }
   return this;
 }
  @Test
  public void obtainTransportAfterShutdown() throws Exception {
    SocketAddress addr = mock(SocketAddress.class);
    createTransportSet(addr);

    transportSet.shutdown();
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.SHUTDOWN, transportSet.getState(false));
    ClientTransport pick = transportSet.obtainActiveTransport();
    assertNotNull(pick);
    verify(mockTransportFactory, times(0)).newClientTransport(addr, AUTHORITY, USER_AGENT);
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.SHUTDOWN, transportSet.getState(false));
  }
  @Test
  public void shutdownBeforeTransportReady() throws Exception {
    SocketAddress addr = mock(SocketAddress.class);
    createTransportSet(addr);

    ClientTransport pick = transportSet.obtainActiveTransport();
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.CONNECTING, transportSet.getState(false));
    MockClientTransportInfo transportInfo = transports.poll();
    assertNotSame(transportInfo.transport, pick);

    // Shutdown the TransportSet before the pending transport is ready
    transportSet.shutdown();
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.SHUTDOWN, transportSet.getState(false));

    // The transport should've been shut down even though it's not the active transport yet.
    verify(transportInfo.transport).shutdown();
    transportInfo.listener.transportShutdown(Status.UNAVAILABLE);
    transportInfo.listener.transportTerminated();
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.SHUTDOWN, transportSet.getState(false));
  }
 @Override
 public ListenableFuture<ClientTransport> getTransport(
     final EquivalentAddressGroup addressGroup) {
   Preconditions.checkNotNull(addressGroup, "addressGroup");
   TransportSet ts;
   synchronized (lock) {
     if (shutdown) {
       return NULL_VALUE_TRANSPORT_FUTURE;
     }
     ts = transports.get(addressGroup);
     if (ts == null) {
       ts =
           new TransportSet(
               addressGroup,
               authority(),
               loadBalancer,
               backoffPolicyProvider,
               transportFactory,
               scheduledExecutor,
               new TransportSet.Callback() {
                 @Override
                 public void onTerminated() {
                   synchronized (lock) {
                     transports.remove(addressGroup);
                     if (shutdown && transports.isEmpty()) {
                       if (terminated) {
                         log.warning("transportTerminated called after already terminated");
                       }
                       terminated = true;
                       lock.notifyAll();
                       onChannelTerminated();
                     }
                   }
                 }
               });
       transports.put(addressGroup, ts);
     }
   }
   return ts.obtainActiveTransport();
 }
  @Test
  public void connectIsLazy() {
    SocketAddress addr = mock(SocketAddress.class);
    createTransportSet(addr);

    // Invocation counters
    int transportsCreated = 0;

    // Won't connect until requested
    verify(mockTransportFactory, times(transportsCreated))
        .newClientTransport(addr, AUTHORITY, USER_AGENT);

    // First attempt
    transportSet.obtainActiveTransport().newStream(method, new Metadata());
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.CONNECTING, transportSet.getState(false));
    verify(mockTransportFactory, times(++transportsCreated))
        .newClientTransport(addr, AUTHORITY, USER_AGENT);

    // Fail this one
    transports.poll().listener.transportShutdown(Status.UNAVAILABLE);
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.TRANSIENT_FAILURE, transportSet.getState(false));

    // Will always reconnect after back-off
    fakeClock.forwardMillis(10);
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.CONNECTING, transportSet.getState(false));
    verify(mockTransportFactory, times(++transportsCreated))
        .newClientTransport(addr, AUTHORITY, USER_AGENT);

    // Make this one proceed
    transports.peek().listener.transportReady();
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.READY, transportSet.getState(false));
    // Then go-away
    transports.poll().listener.transportShutdown(Status.UNAVAILABLE);
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.IDLE, transportSet.getState(false));

    // Request immediately
    transportSet
        .obtainActiveTransport()
        .newStream(method, new Metadata(), waitForReadyCallOptions, statsTraceCtx);
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.CONNECTING, transportSet.getState(false));
    verify(mockTransportFactory, times(++transportsCreated))
        .newClientTransport(addr, AUTHORITY, USER_AGENT);
    fakeExecutor.runDueTasks(); // Drain new 'real' stream creation; not important to this test.
  }
  @Test
  public void scheduleBackoff_DoNotScheduleEndOfBackoffIfAlreadyShutdown() {
    // Setup
    final boolean[] startBackoffAndShutdownAreCalled = {false};
    Executor executor =
        new Executor() {
          @Override
          public void execute(Runnable command) {
            if (command.getClass().getName().contains("FailTheFailFastPendingStreams")) {
              // shutdown during startBackoff
              transportSet.shutdown();
              startBackoffAndShutdownAreCalled[0] = true;
            }
            fakeExecutor.getScheduledExecutorService().execute(command);
          }
        };
    SocketAddress addr = mock(SocketAddress.class);
    addressGroup = new EquivalentAddressGroup(Arrays.asList(addr));
    transportSet =
        new TransportSet(
            addressGroup,
            AUTHORITY,
            USER_AGENT,
            mockLoadBalancer,
            mockBackoffPolicyProvider,
            mockTransportFactory,
            fakeClock.getScheduledExecutorService(),
            fakeClock.getStopwatchSupplier(),
            executor,
            mockTransportSetCallback);

    // Attempt and fail, scheduleBackoff should be triggered,
    // and transportSet.shutdown should be triggered by setup
    transportSet
        .obtainActiveTransport()
        .newStream(method, new Metadata(), waitForReadyCallOptions, statsTraceCtx);
    transports.poll().listener.transportShutdown(Status.UNAVAILABLE);
    verify(mockTransportSetCallback, times(1)).onAllAddressesFailed();
    assertTrue(startBackoffAndShutdownAreCalled[0]);

    fakeExecutor.runDueTasks();
    // verify endOfBackoff not scheduled
    verify(mockBackoffPolicy1, never()).nextBackoffMillis();
  }
  @Test
  public void shutdownBeforeTransportCreatedWithoutPendingStream() throws Exception {
    SocketAddress addr = mock(SocketAddress.class);
    createTransportSet(addr);

    // First transport is created immediately
    ClientTransport pick = transportSet.obtainActiveTransport();
    verify(mockTransportFactory).newClientTransport(addr, AUTHORITY, USER_AGENT);
    assertNotNull(pick);
    // Fail this one
    MockClientTransportInfo transportInfo = transports.poll();
    transportInfo.listener.transportShutdown(Status.UNAVAILABLE);
    transportInfo.listener.transportTerminated();

    // Second transport will wait for back-off
    pick = transportSet.obtainActiveTransport();
    assertTrue(pick instanceof DelayedClientTransport);

    // Shut down TransportSet before the transport is created. Futher call to
    // obtainActiveTransport() gets failing transports
    transportSet.shutdown();
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.SHUTDOWN, transportSet.getState(false));
    pick = transportSet.obtainActiveTransport();
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.SHUTDOWN, transportSet.getState(false));
    assertNotNull(pick);
    assertTrue(pick instanceof FailingClientTransport);

    // TransportSet terminated promptly.
    verify(mockTransportSetCallback).onTerminated(transportSet);
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.SHUTDOWN, transportSet.getState(false));

    // No more transports will be created.
    fakeClock.forwardMillis(10000);
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.SHUTDOWN, transportSet.getState(false));
    verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockTransportFactory);
    assertEquals(0, transports.size());
  }
  @Test
  public void inUseState() {
    SocketAddress addr = mock(SocketAddress.class);
    createTransportSet(addr);

    // Invocation counters
    int inUse = 0;
    int notInUse = 0;

    verify(mockTransportSetCallback, never()).onInUse(any(TransportSet.class));
    transportSet
        .obtainActiveTransport()
        .newStream(method, new Metadata(), waitForReadyCallOptions, statsTraceCtx);
    verify(mockTransportSetCallback, times(++inUse)).onInUse(transportSet);

    MockClientTransportInfo t0 = transports.poll();

    verify(mockTransportSetCallback, never()).onNotInUse(any(TransportSet.class));
    t0.listener.transportReady();
    // The race between delayed transport being terminated (thus not in-use) and
    // the real transport become in-use, caused a brief period of TransportSet not in-use.
    verify(mockTransportSetCallback, times(++notInUse)).onNotInUse(transportSet);
    // Delayed transport calls newStream() on the real transport in the executor
    fakeExecutor.runDueTasks();
    verify(t0.transport)
        .newStream(
            same(method),
            any(Metadata.class),
            same(waitForReadyCallOptions),
            any(StatsTraceContext.class));
    verify(mockTransportSetCallback, times(inUse)).onInUse(transportSet);
    t0.listener.transportInUse(true);
    verify(mockTransportSetCallback, times(++inUse)).onInUse(transportSet);

    t0.listener.transportInUse(false);
    verify(mockTransportSetCallback, times(++notInUse)).onNotInUse(transportSet);

    t0.listener.transportInUse(true);
    verify(mockTransportSetCallback, times(++inUse)).onInUse(transportSet);

    // Simulate that the server sends a go-away
    t0.listener.transportShutdown(Status.UNAVAILABLE);

    // Creates a new transport
    transportSet
        .obtainActiveTransport()
        .newStream(method, new Metadata(), waitForReadyCallOptions, statsTraceCtx);
    MockClientTransportInfo t1 = transports.poll();
    t1.listener.transportReady();
    // Delayed transport calls newStream() on the real transport in the executor
    fakeExecutor.runDueTasks();
    verify(t1.transport)
        .newStream(
            same(method),
            any(Metadata.class),
            same(waitForReadyCallOptions),
            any(StatsTraceContext.class));
    t1.listener.transportInUse(true);
    // No turbulance from the race mentioned eariler, because t0 has been in-use
    verify(mockTransportSetCallback, times(inUse)).onInUse(transportSet);
    verify(mockTransportSetCallback, times(notInUse)).onNotInUse(transportSet);

    // TransportSet is not in-use when both transports are not in-use.
    t1.listener.transportInUse(false);
    verify(mockTransportSetCallback, times(notInUse)).onNotInUse(transportSet);
    t0.listener.transportInUse(false);
    verify(mockTransportSetCallback, times(++notInUse)).onNotInUse(transportSet);
    verify(mockTransportSetCallback, times(inUse)).onInUse(transportSet);
  }
  @Test
  public void logId() {
    createTransportSet(mock(SocketAddress.class));

    assertNotNull(transportSet.getLogId());
  }
  @Test
  public void requireConnectionThroughGetState() throws Exception {
    SocketAddress addr = mock(SocketAddress.class);
    createTransportSet(addr);

    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.IDLE, transportSet.getState(false));
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.CONNECTING, transportSet.getState(true));
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.CONNECTING, transportSet.getState(true));

    transportSet
        .obtainActiveTransport()
        .newStream(method, new Metadata(), waitForReadyCallOptions, statsTraceCtx);
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.CONNECTING, transportSet.getState(true));

    // Fail it
    transports.peek().listener.transportShutdown(Status.UNAVAILABLE);
    // requireConnection == true doesn't skip the back-off
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.TRANSIENT_FAILURE, transportSet.getState(true));
    transports.poll().listener.transportTerminated();
    fakeClock.forwardMillis(9);
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.TRANSIENT_FAILURE, transportSet.getState(true));
    fakeClock.forwardMillis(1);
    // Only when back-off is over, do we try to connect again
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.CONNECTING, transportSet.getState(false));

    // Let it through and fail, thus a go-away
    transports.peek().listener.transportReady();
    transports.peek().listener.transportShutdown(Status.UNAVAILABLE);
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.IDLE, transportSet.getState(false));
    transports.poll().listener.transportTerminated();

    // Request for connecting again
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.CONNECTING, transportSet.getState(true));
    // And fail it again
    transports.peek().listener.transportShutdown(Status.UNAVAILABLE);
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.TRANSIENT_FAILURE, transportSet.getState(true));

    // Shut it down
    transportSet.shutdown();
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.SHUTDOWN, transportSet.getState(true));
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.SHUTDOWN, transportSet.getState(false));
    assertFalse(transportSet.isTerminated());

    // Terminate it
    transports.poll().listener.transportTerminated();
    assertTrue(transportSet.isTerminated());
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.SHUTDOWN, transportSet.getState(true));
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.SHUTDOWN, transportSet.getState(false));

    fakeExecutor.runDueTasks(); // What tasks are scheduled is not important to this test.
  }
  @Test
  public void shutdownBeforeTransportCreatedWithPendingStream() throws Exception {
    SocketAddress addr = mock(SocketAddress.class);
    createTransportSet(addr);

    // First transport is created immediately
    ClientTransport pick = transportSet.obtainActiveTransport();
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.CONNECTING, transportSet.getState(false));
    verify(mockTransportFactory).newClientTransport(addr, AUTHORITY, USER_AGENT);
    assertNotNull(pick);
    // Fail this one
    MockClientTransportInfo transportInfo = transports.poll();
    transportInfo.listener.transportShutdown(Status.UNAVAILABLE);
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.TRANSIENT_FAILURE, transportSet.getState(false));
    transportInfo.listener.transportTerminated();

    // Second transport will wait for back-off
    pick = transportSet.obtainActiveTransport();
    assertTrue(pick instanceof DelayedClientTransport);
    // Start a stream, which will be pending in the delayed transport
    ClientStream pendingStream =
        pick.newStream(method, headers, waitForReadyCallOptions, statsTraceCtx);
    pendingStream.start(mockStreamListener);

    // Shut down TransportSet before the transport is created. Further call to
    // obtainActiveTransport() gets failing transports
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.TRANSIENT_FAILURE, transportSet.getState(false));
    transportSet.shutdown();
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.SHUTDOWN, transportSet.getState(false));
    pick = transportSet.obtainActiveTransport();
    assertNotNull(pick);
    assertTrue(pick instanceof FailingClientTransport);
    verify(mockTransportFactory).newClientTransport(addr, AUTHORITY, USER_AGENT);

    // Reconnect will eventually happen, even though TransportSet has been shut down
    fakeClock.forwardMillis(10);
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.SHUTDOWN, transportSet.getState(false));
    verify(mockTransportFactory, times(2)).newClientTransport(addr, AUTHORITY, USER_AGENT);
    // The pending stream will be started on this newly started transport after it's ready.
    // The transport is shut down by TransportSet right after the stream is created.
    transportInfo = transports.poll();
    verify(transportInfo.transport, times(0)).shutdown();
    assertEquals(0, fakeExecutor.numPendingTasks());
    transportInfo.listener.transportReady();
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.SHUTDOWN, transportSet.getState(false));
    verify(transportInfo.transport, times(0))
        .newStream(any(MethodDescriptor.class), any(Metadata.class));
    assertEquals(1, fakeExecutor.runDueTasks());
    verify(transportInfo.transport)
        .newStream(
            same(method),
            same(headers),
            same(waitForReadyCallOptions),
            any(StatsTraceContext.class));
    verify(transportInfo.transport).shutdown();
    transportInfo.listener.transportShutdown(Status.UNAVAILABLE);
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.SHUTDOWN, transportSet.getState(false));
    verify(mockTransportSetCallback, never()).onTerminated(any(TransportSet.class));
    // Terminating the transport will let TransportSet to be terminated.
    transportInfo.listener.transportTerminated();
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.SHUTDOWN, transportSet.getState(false));
    verify(mockTransportSetCallback).onTerminated(transportSet);

    // No more transports will be created.
    fakeClock.forwardMillis(10000);
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.SHUTDOWN, transportSet.getState(false));
    verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockTransportFactory);
    assertEquals(0, transports.size());
  }
  @Test
  public void verifyFailFastAndNonFailFastBehaviors() {
    int pendingStreamsCount = 0;
    int failFastPendingStreamsCount = 0;

    final SocketAddress addr1 = mock(SocketAddress.class);
    final SocketAddress addr2 = mock(SocketAddress.class);
    createTransportSet(addr1, addr2);

    final DelayedClientTransport delayedTransport =
        (DelayedClientTransport) transportSet.obtainActiveTransport();
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.CONNECTING, transportSet.getState(false));
    assertFalse(delayedTransport.isInBackoffPeriod());

    // Create a new fail fast stream.
    ClientStream ffStream =
        delayedTransport.newStream(method, headers, failFastCallOptions, statsTraceCtx);
    ffStream.start(mockStreamListener);
    // Verify it is queued.
    assertEquals(++pendingStreamsCount, delayedTransport.getPendingStreamsCount());
    failFastPendingStreamsCount++;
    // Create a new non fail fast stream.
    delayedTransport.newStream(method, headers, waitForReadyCallOptions, statsTraceCtx);
    // Verify it is queued.
    assertEquals(++pendingStreamsCount, delayedTransport.getPendingStreamsCount());

    // Let this 1st address fail without success.
    transports.poll().listener.transportShutdown(Status.UNAVAILABLE);
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.CONNECTING, transportSet.getState(false));
    assertFalse(delayedTransport.isInBackoffPeriod());
    // Verify pending streams still in queue.
    assertEquals(pendingStreamsCount, delayedTransport.getPendingStreamsCount());

    // Create a new fail fast stream.
    delayedTransport.newStream(method, headers, failFastCallOptions, statsTraceCtx);
    // Verify it is queued.
    assertEquals(++pendingStreamsCount, delayedTransport.getPendingStreamsCount());
    failFastPendingStreamsCount++;
    // Create a new non fail fast stream
    delayedTransport.newStream(method, headers, waitForReadyCallOptions, statsTraceCtx);
    // Verify it is queued.
    assertEquals(++pendingStreamsCount, delayedTransport.getPendingStreamsCount());

    // Let this 2nd address fail without success.
    Status failureStatus = Status.UNAVAILABLE.withDescription("some unique failure");
    transports.poll().listener.transportShutdown(failureStatus);
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.TRANSIENT_FAILURE, transportSet.getState(false));
    assertTrue(delayedTransport.isInBackoffPeriod());
    // Fail fast pending streams should be cleared
    assertEquals(
        pendingStreamsCount - failFastPendingStreamsCount,
        delayedTransport.getPendingStreamsCount());
    pendingStreamsCount -= failFastPendingStreamsCount;
    failFastPendingStreamsCount = 0;
    fakeExecutor.runDueTasks();
    verify(mockStreamListener).closed(same(failureStatus), any(Metadata.class));

    // Create a new fail fast stream.
    delayedTransport.newStream(method, headers, failFastCallOptions, statsTraceCtx);
    // Verify it is not queued.
    assertEquals(pendingStreamsCount, delayedTransport.getPendingStreamsCount());
    // Create a new non fail fast stream
    delayedTransport.newStream(method, headers, waitForReadyCallOptions, statsTraceCtx);
    // Verify it is queued.
    assertEquals(++pendingStreamsCount, delayedTransport.getPendingStreamsCount());

    fakeClock.forwardMillis(10);
    // Now back-off is over
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.CONNECTING, transportSet.getState(false));
    assertFalse(delayedTransport.isInBackoffPeriod());

    // Create a new fail fast stream.
    delayedTransport.newStream(method, headers, failFastCallOptions, statsTraceCtx);
    // Verify it is queued.
    assertEquals(++pendingStreamsCount, delayedTransport.getPendingStreamsCount());
    failFastPendingStreamsCount++;
    assertEquals(1, failFastPendingStreamsCount);

    fakeExecutor.runDueTasks(); // Drain new 'real' stream creation; not important to this test.
  }
  @Test
  public void twoAddressesReconnect() {
    SocketAddress addr1 = mock(SocketAddress.class);
    SocketAddress addr2 = mock(SocketAddress.class);
    createTransportSet(addr1, addr2);
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.IDLE, transportSet.getState(false));
    // Invocation counters
    int transportsAddr1 = 0;
    int transportsAddr2 = 0;
    int backoff1Consulted = 0;
    int backoff2Consulted = 0;
    int backoff3Consulted = 0;
    int backoffReset = 0;
    int onAllAddressesFailed = 0;

    // First attempt
    DelayedClientTransport delayedTransport1 =
        (DelayedClientTransport) transportSet.obtainActiveTransport();
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.CONNECTING, transportSet.getState(false));
    verify(mockTransportFactory, times(++transportsAddr1))
        .newClientTransport(addr1, AUTHORITY, USER_AGENT);
    delayedTransport1.newStream(method, new Metadata(), waitForReadyCallOptions, statsTraceCtx);
    // Let this one fail without success
    transports.poll().listener.transportShutdown(Status.UNAVAILABLE);
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.CONNECTING, transportSet.getState(false));
    assertNull(delayedTransport1.getTransportSupplier());
    verify(mockTransportSetCallback, times(onAllAddressesFailed)).onAllAddressesFailed();

    // Second attempt will start immediately. Still no back-off policy.
    DelayedClientTransport delayedTransport2 =
        (DelayedClientTransport) transportSet.obtainActiveTransport();
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.CONNECTING, transportSet.getState(false));
    assertSame(delayedTransport1, delayedTransport2);
    verify(mockBackoffPolicyProvider, times(backoffReset)).get();
    verify(mockTransportFactory, times(++transportsAddr2))
        .newClientTransport(addr2, AUTHORITY, USER_AGENT);
    // Fail this one too
    transports.poll().listener.transportShutdown(Status.UNAVAILABLE);
    // All addresses have failed. Delayed transport will be in back-off interval.
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.TRANSIENT_FAILURE, transportSet.getState(false));
    assertNull(delayedTransport2.getTransportSupplier());
    assertTrue(delayedTransport2.isInBackoffPeriod());
    verify(mockTransportSetCallback, times(++onAllAddressesFailed)).onAllAddressesFailed();
    // Backoff reset and first back-off interval begins
    verify(mockBackoffPolicy1, times(++backoff1Consulted)).nextBackoffMillis();
    verify(mockBackoffPolicyProvider, times(++backoffReset)).get();

    // Third attempt is the first address, thus controlled by the first back-off interval.
    DelayedClientTransport delayedTransport3 =
        (DelayedClientTransport) transportSet.obtainActiveTransport();
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.TRANSIENT_FAILURE, transportSet.getState(false));
    assertSame(delayedTransport2, delayedTransport3);
    fakeClock.forwardMillis(9);
    verify(mockTransportFactory, times(transportsAddr1))
        .newClientTransport(addr1, AUTHORITY, USER_AGENT);
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.TRANSIENT_FAILURE, transportSet.getState(false));
    fakeClock.forwardMillis(1);
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.CONNECTING, transportSet.getState(false));
    verify(mockTransportFactory, times(++transportsAddr1))
        .newClientTransport(addr1, AUTHORITY, USER_AGENT);
    // Fail this one too
    transports.poll().listener.transportShutdown(Status.UNAVAILABLE);
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.CONNECTING, transportSet.getState(false));
    assertNull(delayedTransport3.getTransportSupplier());
    verify(mockTransportSetCallback, times(onAllAddressesFailed)).onAllAddressesFailed();

    // Forth attempt will start immediately. Keep back-off policy.
    DelayedClientTransport delayedTransport4 =
        (DelayedClientTransport) transportSet.obtainActiveTransport();
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.CONNECTING, transportSet.getState(false));
    assertSame(delayedTransport3, delayedTransport4);
    verify(mockBackoffPolicyProvider, times(backoffReset)).get();
    verify(mockTransportFactory, times(++transportsAddr2))
        .newClientTransport(addr2, AUTHORITY, USER_AGENT);
    // Fail this one too
    transports.poll().listener.transportShutdown(Status.UNAVAILABLE);
    // All addresses have failed again. Delayed transport will be in back-off interval.
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.TRANSIENT_FAILURE, transportSet.getState(false));
    assertNull(delayedTransport4.getTransportSupplier());
    assertTrue(delayedTransport4.isInBackoffPeriod());
    verify(mockTransportSetCallback, times(++onAllAddressesFailed)).onAllAddressesFailed();
    // Second back-off interval begins
    verify(mockBackoffPolicy1, times(++backoff1Consulted)).nextBackoffMillis();
    verify(mockBackoffPolicyProvider, times(backoffReset)).get();

    // Fifth attempt for the first address, thus controlled by the second back-off interval.
    DelayedClientTransport delayedTransport5 =
        (DelayedClientTransport) transportSet.obtainActiveTransport();
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.TRANSIENT_FAILURE, transportSet.getState(false));
    assertSame(delayedTransport4, delayedTransport5);
    fakeClock.forwardMillis(99);
    verify(mockTransportFactory, times(transportsAddr1))
        .newClientTransport(addr1, AUTHORITY, USER_AGENT);
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.TRANSIENT_FAILURE, transportSet.getState(false));
    fakeClock.forwardMillis(1);
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.CONNECTING, transportSet.getState(false));
    verify(mockTransportFactory, times(++transportsAddr1))
        .newClientTransport(addr1, AUTHORITY, USER_AGENT);
    // Let it through
    transports.peek().listener.transportReady();
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.READY, transportSet.getState(false));
    // Delayed transport will see the connected transport.
    assertSame(transports.peek().transport, delayedTransport5.getTransportSupplier().get());
    verify(mockTransportSetCallback, never()).onConnectionClosedByServer(any(Status.class));
    // Then close it.
    transports.poll().listener.transportShutdown(Status.UNAVAILABLE);
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.IDLE, transportSet.getState(false));
    verify(mockTransportSetCallback).onConnectionClosedByServer(same(Status.UNAVAILABLE));
    verify(mockTransportSetCallback, times(onAllAddressesFailed)).onAllAddressesFailed();

    // First attempt after a successful connection. Old back-off policy should be ignored, but there
    // is not yet a need for a new one. Start from the first address.
    DelayedClientTransport delayedTransport6 =
        (DelayedClientTransport) transportSet.obtainActiveTransport();
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.CONNECTING, transportSet.getState(false));
    assertNotSame(delayedTransport5, delayedTransport6);
    delayedTransport6.newStream(method, headers, waitForReadyCallOptions, statsTraceCtx);
    verify(mockBackoffPolicyProvider, times(backoffReset)).get();
    verify(mockTransportFactory, times(++transportsAddr1))
        .newClientTransport(addr1, AUTHORITY, USER_AGENT);
    // Fail the transport
    transports.poll().listener.transportShutdown(Status.UNAVAILABLE);
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.CONNECTING, transportSet.getState(false));
    assertNull(delayedTransport6.getTransportSupplier());
    verify(mockTransportSetCallback, times(onAllAddressesFailed)).onAllAddressesFailed();

    // Second attempt will start immediately. Still no new back-off policy.
    DelayedClientTransport delayedTransport7 =
        (DelayedClientTransport) transportSet.obtainActiveTransport();
    assertSame(delayedTransport6, delayedTransport7);
    verify(mockBackoffPolicyProvider, times(backoffReset)).get();
    verify(mockTransportFactory, times(++transportsAddr2))
        .newClientTransport(addr2, AUTHORITY, USER_AGENT);
    // Fail this one too
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.CONNECTING, transportSet.getState(false));
    transports.poll().listener.transportShutdown(Status.UNAVAILABLE);
    // All addresses have failed. Delayed transport will be in back-off interval.
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.TRANSIENT_FAILURE, transportSet.getState(false));
    assertNull(delayedTransport7.getTransportSupplier());
    assertTrue(delayedTransport7.isInBackoffPeriod());
    verify(mockTransportSetCallback, times(++onAllAddressesFailed)).onAllAddressesFailed();
    // Back-off reset and first back-off interval begins
    verify(mockBackoffPolicy2, times(++backoff2Consulted)).nextBackoffMillis();
    verify(mockBackoffPolicyProvider, times(++backoffReset)).get();

    // Third attempt is the first address, thus controlled by the first back-off interval.
    DelayedClientTransport delayedTransport8 =
        (DelayedClientTransport) transportSet.obtainActiveTransport();
    assertSame(delayedTransport7, delayedTransport8);
    fakeClock.forwardMillis(9);
    verify(mockTransportFactory, times(transportsAddr1))
        .newClientTransport(addr1, AUTHORITY, USER_AGENT);
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.TRANSIENT_FAILURE, transportSet.getState(false));
    fakeClock.forwardMillis(1);
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.CONNECTING, transportSet.getState(false));
    verify(mockTransportFactory, times(++transportsAddr1))
        .newClientTransport(addr1, AUTHORITY, USER_AGENT);

    // Final checks on invocations on back-off policies
    verify(mockBackoffPolicy1, times(backoff1Consulted)).nextBackoffMillis();
    verify(mockBackoffPolicy2, times(backoff2Consulted)).nextBackoffMillis();
    verify(mockBackoffPolicy3, times(backoff3Consulted)).nextBackoffMillis();
    verify(mockTransportSetCallback, atLeast(0)).onInUse(transportSet);
    verify(mockTransportSetCallback, atLeast(0)).onNotInUse(transportSet);
    verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockTransportSetCallback);
    fakeExecutor.runDueTasks(); // Drain new 'real' stream creation; not important to this test.
  }
  @Test
  public void singleAddressReconnect() {
    SocketAddress addr = mock(SocketAddress.class);
    createTransportSet(addr);
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.IDLE, transportSet.getState(false));

    // Invocation counters
    int transportsCreated = 0;
    int backoff1Consulted = 0;
    int backoff2Consulted = 0;
    int backoffReset = 0;
    int onAllAddressesFailed = 0;

    // First attempt
    transportSet
        .obtainActiveTransport()
        .newStream(method, new Metadata(), waitForReadyCallOptions, statsTraceCtx);
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.CONNECTING, transportSet.getState(false));
    verify(mockTransportFactory, times(++transportsCreated))
        .newClientTransport(addr, AUTHORITY, USER_AGENT);

    // Fail this one
    transports.poll().listener.transportShutdown(Status.UNAVAILABLE);
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.TRANSIENT_FAILURE, transportSet.getState(false));
    verify(mockTransportSetCallback, times(++onAllAddressesFailed)).onAllAddressesFailed();
    // Backoff reset and using first back-off value interval
    verify(mockBackoffPolicy1, times(++backoff1Consulted)).nextBackoffMillis();
    verify(mockBackoffPolicyProvider, times(++backoffReset)).get();

    // Second attempt
    // Transport creation doesn't happen until time is due
    fakeClock.forwardMillis(9);
    verify(mockTransportFactory, times(transportsCreated))
        .newClientTransport(addr, AUTHORITY, USER_AGENT);
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.TRANSIENT_FAILURE, transportSet.getState(false));
    fakeClock.forwardMillis(1);
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.CONNECTING, transportSet.getState(false));
    verify(mockTransportFactory, times(++transportsCreated))
        .newClientTransport(addr, AUTHORITY, USER_AGENT);
    // Fail this one too
    transports.poll().listener.transportShutdown(Status.UNAVAILABLE);
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.TRANSIENT_FAILURE, transportSet.getState(false));
    verify(mockTransportSetCallback, times(++onAllAddressesFailed)).onAllAddressesFailed();
    // Second back-off interval
    verify(mockBackoffPolicy1, times(++backoff1Consulted)).nextBackoffMillis();
    verify(mockBackoffPolicyProvider, times(backoffReset)).get();

    // Third attempt
    // Transport creation doesn't happen until time is due
    fakeClock.forwardMillis(99);
    verify(mockTransportFactory, times(transportsCreated))
        .newClientTransport(addr, AUTHORITY, USER_AGENT);
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.TRANSIENT_FAILURE, transportSet.getState(false));
    fakeClock.forwardMillis(1);
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.CONNECTING, transportSet.getState(false));
    verify(mockTransportFactory, times(++transportsCreated))
        .newClientTransport(addr, AUTHORITY, USER_AGENT);
    // Let this one succeed
    transports.peek().listener.transportReady();
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.READY, transportSet.getState(false));
    fakeClock.runDueTasks();
    verify(mockTransportSetCallback, never()).onConnectionClosedByServer(any(Status.class));
    // And close it
    transports.poll().listener.transportShutdown(Status.UNAVAILABLE);
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.IDLE, transportSet.getState(false));
    verify(mockTransportSetCallback).onConnectionClosedByServer(same(Status.UNAVAILABLE));
    verify(mockTransportSetCallback, times(onAllAddressesFailed)).onAllAddressesFailed();

    // Back-off is reset, and the next attempt will happen immediately
    transportSet.obtainActiveTransport();
    assertEquals(ConnectivityState.CONNECTING, transportSet.getState(false));
    verify(mockBackoffPolicyProvider, times(backoffReset)).get();
    verify(mockTransportFactory, times(++transportsCreated))
        .newClientTransport(addr, AUTHORITY, USER_AGENT);

    // Final checks for consultations on back-off policies
    verify(mockBackoffPolicy1, times(backoff1Consulted)).nextBackoffMillis();
    verify(mockBackoffPolicy2, times(backoff2Consulted)).nextBackoffMillis();
    verify(mockTransportSetCallback, atLeast(0)).onInUse(transportSet);
    verify(mockTransportSetCallback, atLeast(0)).onNotInUse(transportSet);
    verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockTransportSetCallback);
    fakeExecutor.runDueTasks(); // Drain new 'real' stream creation; not important to this test.
  }