public Double getDistinctRowCount(Aggregate rel, ImmutableBitSet groupKey, RexNode predicate) {
    if (predicate == null || predicate.isAlwaysTrue()) {
      if (groupKey.isEmpty()) {
        return 1D;
      }
    }
    // determine which predicates can be applied on the child of the
    // aggregate
    List<RexNode> notPushable = new ArrayList<RexNode>();
    List<RexNode> pushable = new ArrayList<RexNode>();
    RelOptUtil.splitFilters(rel.getGroupSet(), predicate, pushable, notPushable);
    final RexBuilder rexBuilder = rel.getCluster().getRexBuilder();
    RexNode childPreds = RexUtil.composeConjunction(rexBuilder, pushable, true);

    // set the bits as they correspond to the child input
    ImmutableBitSet.Builder childKey = ImmutableBitSet.builder();
    RelMdUtil.setAggChildKeys(groupKey, rel, childKey);

    Double distinctRowCount =
        RelMetadataQuery.getDistinctRowCount(rel.getInput(), childKey.build(), childPreds);
    if (distinctRowCount == null) {
      return null;
    } else if (notPushable.isEmpty()) {
      return distinctRowCount;
    } else {
      RexNode preds = RexUtil.composeConjunction(rexBuilder, notPushable, true);
      return distinctRowCount * RelMdUtil.guessSelectivity(preds);
    }
  }
  public Double getDistinctRowCount(Project rel, ImmutableBitSet groupKey, RexNode predicate) {
    if (predicate == null || predicate.isAlwaysTrue()) {
      if (groupKey.isEmpty()) {
        return 1D;
      }
    }
    ImmutableBitSet.Builder baseCols = ImmutableBitSet.builder();
    ImmutableBitSet.Builder projCols = ImmutableBitSet.builder();
    List<RexNode> projExprs = rel.getProjects();
    RelMdUtil.splitCols(projExprs, groupKey, baseCols, projCols);

    List<RexNode> notPushable = new ArrayList<RexNode>();
    List<RexNode> pushable = new ArrayList<RexNode>();
    RelOptUtil.splitFilters(
        ImmutableBitSet.range(rel.getRowType().getFieldCount()), predicate, pushable, notPushable);
    final RexBuilder rexBuilder = rel.getCluster().getRexBuilder();

    // get the distinct row count of the child input, passing in the
    // columns and filters that only reference the child; convert the
    // filter to reference the children projection expressions
    RexNode childPred = RexUtil.composeConjunction(rexBuilder, pushable, true);
    RexNode modifiedPred;
    if (childPred == null) {
      modifiedPred = null;
    } else {
      modifiedPred = RelOptUtil.pushPastProject(childPred, rel);
    }
    Double distinctRowCount =
        RelMetadataQuery.getDistinctRowCount(rel.getInput(), baseCols.build(), modifiedPred);

    if (distinctRowCount == null) {
      return null;
    } else if (!notPushable.isEmpty()) {
      RexNode preds = RexUtil.composeConjunction(rexBuilder, notPushable, true);
      distinctRowCount *= RelMdUtil.guessSelectivity(preds);
    }

    // No further computation required if the projection expressions
    // are all column references
    if (projCols.cardinality() == 0) {
      return distinctRowCount;
    }

    // multiply by the cardinality of the non-child projection expressions
    for (int bit : projCols.build()) {
      Double subRowCount = RelMdUtil.cardOfProjExpr(rel, projExprs.get(bit));
      if (subRowCount == null) {
        return null;
      }
      distinctRowCount *= subRowCount;
    }

    return RelMdUtil.numDistinctVals(distinctRowCount, RelMetadataQuery.getRowCount(rel));
  }
  public Double getDistinctRowCount(Values rel, ImmutableBitSet groupKey, RexNode predicate) {
    if (predicate == null || predicate.isAlwaysTrue()) {
      if (groupKey.isEmpty()) {
        return 1D;
      }
    }
    Double selectivity = RelMdUtil.guessSelectivity(predicate);

    // assume half the rows are duplicates
    Double nRows = rel.getRows() / 2;
    return RelMdUtil.numDistinctVals(nRows, nRows * selectivity);
  }
 public Double getDistinctRowCount(Join rel, ImmutableBitSet groupKey, RexNode predicate) {
   if (predicate == null || predicate.isAlwaysTrue()) {
     if (groupKey.isEmpty()) {
       return 1D;
     }
   }
   return RelMdUtil.getJoinDistinctRowCount(rel, rel.getJoinType(), groupKey, predicate, false);
 }
  public Double getDistinctRowCount(Filter rel, ImmutableBitSet groupKey, RexNode predicate) {
    if (predicate == null || predicate.isAlwaysTrue()) {
      if (groupKey.isEmpty()) {
        return 1D;
      }
    }
    // REVIEW zfong 4/18/06 - In the Broadbase code, duplicates are not
    // removed from the two filter lists.  However, the code below is
    // doing so.
    RexNode unionPreds =
        RelMdUtil.unionPreds(rel.getCluster().getRexBuilder(), predicate, rel.getCondition());

    return RelMetadataQuery.getDistinctRowCount(rel.getInput(), groupKey, unionPreds);
  }
 // Catch-all rule when none of the others apply.
 public Double getDistinctRowCount(RelNode rel, ImmutableBitSet groupKey, RexNode predicate) {
   if (predicate == null || predicate.isAlwaysTrue()) {
     if (groupKey.isEmpty()) {
       return 1D;
     }
   }
   // REVIEW zfong 4/19/06 - Broadbase code does not take into
   // consideration selectivity of predicates passed in.  Also, they
   // assume the rows are unique even if the table is not
   boolean uniq = RelMdUtil.areColumnsDefinitelyUnique(rel, groupKey);
   if (uniq) {
     return NumberUtil.multiply(
         RelMetadataQuery.getRowCount(rel), RelMetadataQuery.getSelectivity(rel, predicate));
   }
   return null;
 }
  public Double getDistinctRowCount(SemiJoin rel, ImmutableBitSet groupKey, RexNode predicate) {
    if (predicate == null || predicate.isAlwaysTrue()) {
      if (groupKey.isEmpty()) {
        return 1D;
      }
    }
    // create a RexNode representing the selectivity of the
    // semijoin filter and pass it to getDistinctRowCount
    RexNode newPred = RelMdUtil.makeSemiJoinSelectivityRexNode(rel);
    if (predicate != null) {
      RexBuilder rexBuilder = rel.getCluster().getRexBuilder();
      newPred = rexBuilder.makeCall(SqlStdOperatorTable.AND, newPred, predicate);
    }

    return RelMetadataQuery.getDistinctRowCount(rel.getLeft(), groupKey, newPred);
  }
  public void onMatch(RelOptRuleCall call) {
    AggregateRel aggRel = call.rel(0);
    UnionRel unionRel = call.rel(1);

    if (!unionRel.all) {
      // This transformation is only valid for UNION ALL.
      // Consider t1(i) with rows (5), (5) and t2(i) with
      // rows (5), (10), and the query
      // select sum(i) from (select i from t1) union (select i from t2).
      // The correct answer is 15.  If we apply the transformation,
      // we get
      // select sum(i) from
      // (select sum(i) as i from t1) union (select sum(i) as i from t2)
      // which yields 25 (incorrect).
      return;
    }

    RelOptCluster cluster = unionRel.getCluster();

    List<AggregateCall> transformedAggCalls =
        transformAggCalls(
            aggRel.getCluster().getTypeFactory(),
            aggRel.getGroupSet().cardinality(),
            aggRel.getAggCallList());
    if (transformedAggCalls == null) {
      // we've detected the presence of something like AVG,
      // which we can't handle
      return;
    }

    boolean anyTransformed = false;

    // create corresponding aggs on top of each union child
    List<RelNode> newUnionInputs = new ArrayList<RelNode>();
    for (RelNode input : unionRel.getInputs()) {
      boolean alreadyUnique = RelMdUtil.areColumnsDefinitelyUnique(input, aggRel.getGroupSet());

      if (alreadyUnique) {
        newUnionInputs.add(input);
      } else {
        anyTransformed = true;
        newUnionInputs.add(
            new AggregateRel(cluster, input, aggRel.getGroupSet(), aggRel.getAggCallList()));
      }
    }

    if (!anyTransformed) {
      // none of the children could benefit from the pushdown,
      // so bail out (preventing the infinite loop to which most
      // planners would succumb)
      return;
    }

    // create a new union whose children are the aggs created above
    UnionRel newUnionRel = new UnionRel(cluster, newUnionInputs, true);

    AggregateRel newTopAggRel =
        new AggregateRel(cluster, newUnionRel, aggRel.getGroupSet(), transformedAggCalls);

    // In case we transformed any COUNT (which is always NOT NULL)
    // to SUM (which is always NULLABLE), cast back to keep the
    // planner happy.
    RelNode castRel = RelOptUtil.createCastRel(newTopAggRel, aggRel.getRowType(), false);

    call.transformTo(castRel);
  }