@Audit(
      action = "PROXY_GRANTING_TICKET",
      actionResolverName = "GRANT_PROXY_GRANTING_TICKET_RESOLVER",
      resourceResolverName = "GRANT_PROXY_GRANTING_TICKET_RESOURCE_RESOLVER")
  @Timed(name = "GRANT_PROXY_GRANTING_TICKET_TIMER")
  @Metered(name = "GRANT_PROXY_GRANTING_TICKET_METER")
  @Counted(name = "GRANT_PROXY_GRANTING_TICKET_COUNTER", monotonic = true)
  @Transactional(readOnly = false)
  @Override
  public TicketGrantingTicket delegateTicketGrantingTicket(
      final String serviceTicketId, final Credential... credentials)
      throws AuthenticationException, TicketException {

    final ServiceTicket serviceTicket =
        this.serviceTicketRegistry.getTicket(serviceTicketId, ServiceTicket.class);

    if (serviceTicket == null || serviceTicket.isExpired()) {
      logger.debug(
          "ServiceTicket [{}] has expired or cannot be found in the ticket registry",
          serviceTicketId);
      throw new InvalidTicketException(serviceTicketId);
    }

    final RegisteredService registeredService =
        this.servicesManager.findServiceBy(serviceTicket.getService());

    verifyRegisteredServiceProperties(registeredService, serviceTicket.getService());

    if (!registeredService.getProxyPolicy().isAllowedToProxy()) {
      logger.warn(
          "ServiceManagement: Service [{}] attempted to proxy, but is not allowed.",
          serviceTicket.getService().getId());
      throw new UnauthorizedProxyingException();
    }

    final Authentication authentication = this.authenticationManager.authenticate(credentials);

    final String pgtId =
        this.ticketGrantingTicketUniqueTicketIdGenerator.getNewTicketId(
            TicketGrantingTicket.PROXY_GRANTING_TICKET_PREFIX);
    final TicketGrantingTicket proxyGrantingTicket =
        serviceTicket.grantTicketGrantingTicket(
            pgtId, authentication, this.ticketGrantingTicketExpirationPolicy);

    logger.debug(
        "Generated proxy granting ticket [{}] based off of [{}]",
        proxyGrantingTicket,
        serviceTicketId);
    this.ticketRegistry.addTicket(proxyGrantingTicket);

    return proxyGrantingTicket;
  }
  @Audit(
      action = "PROXY_GRANTING_TICKET",
      actionResolverName = "GRANT_PROXY_GRANTING_TICKET_RESOLVER",
      resourceResolverName = "GRANT_PROXY_GRANTING_TICKET_RESOURCE_RESOLVER")
  @Profiled(tag = "GRANT_PROXY_GRANTING_TICKET", logFailuresSeparately = false)
  @Transactional(readOnly = false)
  @Override
  public String delegateTicketGrantingTicket(
      final String serviceTicketId, final Credential... credentials)
      throws AuthenticationException, TicketException {

    Assert.notNull(serviceTicketId, "serviceTicketId cannot be null");
    Assert.notNull(credentials, "credentials cannot be null");

    final ServiceTicket serviceTicket =
        this.serviceTicketRegistry.getTicket(serviceTicketId, ServiceTicket.class);

    if (serviceTicket == null || serviceTicket.isExpired()) {
      logger.debug(
          "ServiceTicket [{}] has expired or cannot be found in the ticket registry",
          serviceTicketId);
      throw new InvalidTicketException(serviceTicketId);
    }

    final RegisteredService registeredService =
        this.servicesManager.findServiceBy(serviceTicket.getService());

    verifyRegisteredServiceProperties(registeredService, serviceTicket.getService());

    if (!registeredService.isAllowedToProxy()) {
      logger.warn(
          "ServiceManagement: Service [{}] attempted to proxy, but is not allowed.",
          serviceTicket.getService().getId());
      throw new UnauthorizedProxyingException();
    }

    final Authentication authentication = this.authenticationManager.authenticate(credentials);

    final TicketGrantingTicket ticketGrantingTicket =
        serviceTicket.grantTicketGrantingTicket(
            this.ticketGrantingTicketUniqueTicketIdGenerator.getNewTicketId(
                TicketGrantingTicket.PREFIX),
            authentication,
            this.ticketGrantingTicketExpirationPolicy);

    this.ticketRegistry.addTicket(ticketGrantingTicket);

    return ticketGrantingTicket.getId();
  }
  @Audit(
      action = "SERVICE_TICKET_VALIDATE",
      actionResolverName = "VALIDATE_SERVICE_TICKET_RESOLVER",
      resourceResolverName = "VALIDATE_SERVICE_TICKET_RESOURCE_RESOLVER")
  @Timed(name = "VALIDATE_SERVICE_TICKET_TIMER")
  @Metered(name = "VALIDATE_SERVICE_TICKET_METER")
  @Counted(name = "VALIDATE_SERVICE_TICKET_COUNTER", monotonic = true)
  @Transactional(readOnly = false)
  @Override
  public Assertion validateServiceTicket(final String serviceTicketId, final Service service)
      throws TicketException {
    final RegisteredService registeredService = this.servicesManager.findServiceBy(service);
    verifyRegisteredServiceProperties(registeredService, service);

    final ServiceTicket serviceTicket =
        this.serviceTicketRegistry.getTicket(serviceTicketId, ServiceTicket.class);

    if (serviceTicket == null) {
      logger.info("Service ticket [{}] does not exist.", serviceTicketId);
      throw new InvalidTicketException(serviceTicketId);
    }

    try {
      synchronized (serviceTicket) {
        if (serviceTicket.isExpired()) {
          logger.info("ServiceTicket [{}] has expired.", serviceTicketId);
          throw new InvalidTicketException(serviceTicketId);
        }

        if (!serviceTicket.isValidFor(service)) {
          logger.error(
              "Service ticket [{}] with service [{}] does not match supplied service [{}]",
              serviceTicketId,
              serviceTicket.getService().getId(),
              service);
          throw new UnrecognizableServiceForServiceTicketValidationException(
              serviceTicket.getService());
        }
      }

      final TicketGrantingTicket root = serviceTicket.getGrantingTicket().getRoot();
      final Authentication authentication =
          getAuthenticationSatisfiedByPolicy(
              root, new ServiceContext(serviceTicket.getService(), registeredService));
      final Principal principal = authentication.getPrincipal();

      final AttributeReleasePolicy attributePolicy = registeredService.getAttributeReleasePolicy();
      logger.debug(
          "Attribute policy [{}] is associated with service [{}]",
          attributePolicy,
          registeredService);

      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
      final Map<String, Object> attributesToRelease =
          attributePolicy != null
              ? attributePolicy.getAttributes(principal)
              : Collections.EMPTY_MAP;

      final String principalId =
          registeredService.getUsernameAttributeProvider().resolveUsername(principal, service);
      final Principal modifiedPrincipal =
          this.principalFactory.createPrincipal(principalId, attributesToRelease);
      final AuthenticationBuilder builder = AuthenticationBuilder.newInstance(authentication);
      builder.setPrincipal(modifiedPrincipal);

      return new ImmutableAssertion(
          builder.build(),
          serviceTicket.getGrantingTicket().getChainedAuthentications(),
          serviceTicket.getService(),
          serviceTicket.isFromNewLogin());
    } finally {
      if (serviceTicket.isExpired()) {
        this.serviceTicketRegistry.deleteTicket(serviceTicketId);
      }
    }
  }
  @Audit(
      action = "SERVICE_TICKET",
      actionResolverName = "GRANT_SERVICE_TICKET_RESOLVER",
      resourceResolverName = "GRANT_SERVICE_TICKET_RESOURCE_RESOLVER")
  @Timed(name = "GRANT_SERVICE_TICKET_TIMER")
  @Metered(name = "GRANT_SERVICE_TICKET_METER")
  @Counted(name = "GRANT_SERVICE_TICKET_COUNTER", monotonic = true)
  @Transactional(readOnly = false)
  @Override
  public ServiceTicket grantServiceTicket(
      final String ticketGrantingTicketId, final Service service, final Credential... credentials)
      throws AuthenticationException, TicketException {

    final TicketGrantingTicket ticketGrantingTicket =
        getTicket(ticketGrantingTicketId, TicketGrantingTicket.class);
    final RegisteredService registeredService = this.servicesManager.findServiceBy(service);

    verifyRegisteredServiceProperties(registeredService, service);
    final Set<Credential> sanitizedCredentials = sanitizeCredentials(credentials);

    Authentication currentAuthentication = null;
    if (sanitizedCredentials.size() > 0) {
      currentAuthentication =
          this.authenticationManager.authenticate(
              sanitizedCredentials.toArray(new Credential[] {}));
      final Authentication original = ticketGrantingTicket.getAuthentication();
      if (!currentAuthentication.getPrincipal().equals(original.getPrincipal())) {
        throw new MixedPrincipalException(
            currentAuthentication, currentAuthentication.getPrincipal(), original.getPrincipal());
      }
      ticketGrantingTicket.getSupplementalAuthentications().add(currentAuthentication);
    }

    if (currentAuthentication == null
        && !registeredService.getAccessStrategy().isServiceAccessAllowedForSso()) {
      logger.warn("ServiceManagement: Service [{}] is not allowed to use SSO.", service.getId());
      throw new UnauthorizedSsoServiceException();
    }

    final Service proxiedBy = ticketGrantingTicket.getProxiedBy();
    if (proxiedBy != null) {
      logger.debug(
          "TGT is proxied by [{}]. Locating proxy service in registry...", proxiedBy.getId());
      final RegisteredService proxyingService = servicesManager.findServiceBy(proxiedBy);

      if (proxyingService != null) {
        logger.debug("Located proxying service [{}] in the service registry", proxyingService);
        if (!proxyingService.getProxyPolicy().isAllowedToProxy()) {
          logger.warn(
              "Found proxying service {}, but it is not authorized to fulfill the proxy attempt made by {}",
              proxyingService.getId(),
              service.getId());
          throw new UnauthorizedProxyingException(
              "Proxying is not allowed for registered service " + registeredService.getId());
        }
      } else {
        logger.warn(
            "No proxying service found. Proxy attempt by service [{}] (registered service [{}]) is not allowed.",
            service.getId(),
            registeredService.getId());
        throw new UnauthorizedProxyingException(
            "Proxying is not allowed for registered service " + registeredService.getId());
      }
    } else {
      logger.trace("TGT is not proxied by another service");
    }

    // Perform security policy check by getting the authentication that satisfies the configured
    // policy
    // This throws if no suitable policy is found
    getAuthenticationSatisfiedByPolicy(
        ticketGrantingTicket, new ServiceContext(service, registeredService));

    final List<Authentication> authentications = ticketGrantingTicket.getChainedAuthentications();
    final Principal principal = authentications.get(authentications.size() - 1).getPrincipal();

    final Map<String, Object> principalAttrs =
        registeredService.getAttributeReleasePolicy().getAttributes(principal);
    if (!registeredService
        .getAccessStrategy()
        .doPrincipalAttributesAllowServiceAccess(principalAttrs)) {
      logger.warn(
          "ServiceManagement: Cannot grant service ticket because Service [{}] is not authorized for use by [{}].",
          service.getId(),
          principal);
      throw new UnauthorizedServiceForPrincipalException();
    }

    final String uniqueTicketIdGenKey = service.getClass().getName();
    logger.debug("Looking up service ticket id generator for [{}]", uniqueTicketIdGenKey);
    UniqueTicketIdGenerator serviceTicketUniqueTicketIdGenerator =
        this.uniqueTicketIdGeneratorsForService.get(uniqueTicketIdGenKey);
    if (serviceTicketUniqueTicketIdGenerator == null) {
      serviceTicketUniqueTicketIdGenerator = this.defaultServiceTicketIdGenerator;
      logger.debug(
          "Service ticket id generator not found for [{}]. Using the default generator...",
          uniqueTicketIdGenKey);
    }

    final String ticketPrefix =
        authentications.size() == 1 ? ServiceTicket.PREFIX : ServiceTicket.PROXY_TICKET_PREFIX;
    final String ticketId = serviceTicketUniqueTicketIdGenerator.getNewTicketId(ticketPrefix);
    final ServiceTicket serviceTicket =
        ticketGrantingTicket.grantServiceTicket(
            ticketId, service, this.serviceTicketExpirationPolicy, currentAuthentication != null);

    this.serviceTicketRegistry.addTicket(serviceTicket);

    logger.info(
        "Granted ticket [{}] for service [{}] for user [{}]",
        serviceTicket.getId(),
        service.getId(),
        principal.getId());

    return serviceTicket;
  }
  @Audit(
      action = "SERVICE_TICKET",
      actionResolverName = "GRANT_SERVICE_TICKET_RESOLVER",
      resourceResolverName = "GRANT_SERVICE_TICKET_RESOURCE_RESOLVER")
  @Profiled(tag = "GRANT_SERVICE_TICKET", logFailuresSeparately = false)
  @Transactional(readOnly = false)
  @Override
  public String grantServiceTicket(
      final String ticketGrantingTicketId, final Service service, final Credential... credentials)
      throws AuthenticationException, TicketException {
    Assert.notNull(ticketGrantingTicketId, "ticketGrantingticketId cannot be null");
    Assert.notNull(service, "service cannot be null");

    final TicketGrantingTicket ticketGrantingTicket =
        this.ticketRegistry.getTicket(ticketGrantingTicketId, TicketGrantingTicket.class);

    if (ticketGrantingTicket == null) {
      logger.debug(
          "TicketGrantingTicket [{}] cannot be found in the ticket registry.",
          ticketGrantingTicketId);
      throw new InvalidTicketException(ticketGrantingTicketId);
    }

    synchronized (ticketGrantingTicket) {
      if (ticketGrantingTicket.isExpired()) {
        this.ticketRegistry.deleteTicket(ticketGrantingTicketId);
        logger.debug(
            "TicketGrantingTicket[{}] has expired and is now deleted from the ticket registry.",
            ticketGrantingTicketId);
        throw new InvalidTicketException(ticketGrantingTicketId);
      }
    }

    final RegisteredService registeredService = this.servicesManager.findServiceBy(service);

    verifyRegisteredServiceProperties(registeredService, service);

    if (!registeredService.isSsoEnabled()
        && credentials == null
        && ticketGrantingTicket.getCountOfUses() > 0) {
      logger.warn("ServiceManagement: Service [{}] is not allowed to use SSO.", service.getId());
      throw new UnauthorizedSsoServiceException();
    }

    // CAS-1019
    final List<Authentication> authns = ticketGrantingTicket.getChainedAuthentications();
    if (authns.size() > 1) {
      if (!registeredService.isAllowedToProxy()) {
        final String message =
            String.format(
                "ServiceManagement: Proxy attempt by service [%s] (registered service [%s]) is not allowed.",
                service.getId(), registeredService.toString());
        logger.warn(message);
        throw new UnauthorizedProxyingException(message);
      }
    }

    if (credentials != null) {
      final Authentication current = this.authenticationManager.authenticate(credentials);
      final Authentication original = ticketGrantingTicket.getAuthentication();
      if (!current.getPrincipal().equals(original.getPrincipal())) {
        throw new MixedPrincipalException(current, current.getPrincipal(), original.getPrincipal());
      }
      ticketGrantingTicket.getSupplementalAuthentications().add(current);
    }

    // Perform security policy check by getting the authentication that satisfies the configured
    // policy
    // This throws if no suitable policy is found
    getAuthenticationSatisfiedByPolicy(
        ticketGrantingTicket, new ServiceContext(service, registeredService));

    final String uniqueTicketIdGenKey = service.getClass().getName();
    if (!this.uniqueTicketIdGeneratorsForService.containsKey(uniqueTicketIdGenKey)) {
      logger.warn(
          "Cannot create service ticket because the key [{}] for service [{}] is not linked to a ticket id generator",
          uniqueTicketIdGenKey,
          service.getId());
      throw new UnauthorizedSsoServiceException();
    }

    final UniqueTicketIdGenerator serviceTicketUniqueTicketIdGenerator =
        this.uniqueTicketIdGeneratorsForService.get(uniqueTicketIdGenKey);

    final String generatedServiceTicketId =
        serviceTicketUniqueTicketIdGenerator.getNewTicketId(ServiceTicket.PREFIX);
    logger.debug(
        "Generated service ticket id [{}] for ticket granting ticket [{}]",
        generatedServiceTicketId,
        ticketGrantingTicket.getId());

    final ServiceTicket serviceTicket =
        ticketGrantingTicket.grantServiceTicket(
            generatedServiceTicketId,
            service,
            this.serviceTicketExpirationPolicy,
            credentials != null);

    this.serviceTicketRegistry.addTicket(serviceTicket);

    if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
      final List<Authentication> authentications =
          serviceTicket.getGrantingTicket().getChainedAuthentications();
      final String formatString = "Granted %s ticket [%s] for service [%s] for user [%s]";
      final String type;
      final String principalId =
          authentications.get(authentications.size() - 1).getPrincipal().getId();

      if (authentications.size() == 1) {
        type = "service";
      } else {
        type = "proxy";
      }

      logger.info(
          String.format(formatString, type, serviceTicket.getId(), service.getId(), principalId));
    }

    return serviceTicket.getId();
  }