private void recordUnidentifiableModifiedResidues(List<ModifiedCompound> modComps) {
    Set<StructureGroup> identifiedComps = new HashSet<StructureGroup>();
    for (ModifiedCompound mc : modComps) {
      identifiedComps.addAll(mc.getGroups(true));
    }

    // TODO: use the ModifiedAminoAcid after Andreas add that.
    for (Group group : residues) {
      if (group.getType().equals(GroupType.HETATM)) {
        StructureGroup strucGroup = StructureUtil.getStructureGroup(group, true);
        if (!identifiedComps.contains(strucGroup)) {
          unidentifiableModifiedResidues.add(strucGroup);
        }
      }
    }
  }
  /**
   * Record unidentifiable atom linkages in a chain. Only linkages between two residues or one
   * residue and one ligand will be recorded.
   */
  private void recordUnidentifiableAtomLinkages(
      List<ModifiedCompound> modComps, List<Group> ligands) {

    // first put identified linkages in a map for fast query
    Set<StructureAtomLinkage> identifiedLinkages = new HashSet<StructureAtomLinkage>();
    for (ModifiedCompound mc : modComps) {
      identifiedLinkages.addAll(mc.getAtomLinkages());
    }

    // record
    // cross link
    int nRes = residues.size();
    for (int i = 0; i < nRes - 1; i++) {
      Group group1 = residues.get(i);
      for (int j = i + 1; j < nRes; j++) {
        Group group2 = residues.get(j);
        List<Atom[]> linkages =
            StructureUtil.findAtomLinkages(group1, group2, true, bondLengthTolerance);
        for (Atom[] atoms : linkages) {
          StructureAtomLinkage link =
              StructureUtil.getStructureAtomLinkage(atoms[0], true, atoms[1], true);
          unidentifiableAtomLinkages.add(link);
        }
      }
    }

    // attachment
    int nLig = ligands.size();
    for (int i = 0; i < nRes; i++) {
      Group group1 = residues.get(i);
      for (int j = 0; j < nLig; j++) {
        Group group2 = ligands.get(j);
        if (group1.equals(group2)) { // overlap between residues and ligands
          continue;
        }
        List<Atom[]> linkages =
            StructureUtil.findAtomLinkages(group1, group2, false, bondLengthTolerance);
        for (Atom[] atoms : linkages) {
          StructureAtomLinkage link =
              StructureUtil.getStructureAtomLinkage(atoms[0], true, atoms[1], false);
          unidentifiableAtomLinkages.add(link);
        }
      }
    }
  }
  /** Get matched atoms for all linkages. */
  private List<List<Atom[]>> getMatchedAtomsOfLinkages(
      ModificationCondition condition, Map<Component, Set<Group>> mapCompGroups) {
    List<ModificationLinkage> linkages = condition.getLinkages();
    int nLink = linkages.size();

    List<List<Atom[]>> matchedAtomsOfLinkages = new ArrayList<List<Atom[]>>(nLink);

    for (int iLink = 0; iLink < nLink; iLink++) {
      ModificationLinkage linkage = linkages.get(iLink);
      Component comp1 = linkage.getComponent1();
      Component comp2 = linkage.getComponent2();

      //			boolean isAA1 = comp1.;
      //			boolean isAA2 = comp2.getType()==true;

      Set<Group> groups1 = mapCompGroups.get(comp1);
      Set<Group> groups2 = mapCompGroups.get(comp2);

      List<Atom[]> list = new ArrayList<Atom[]>();

      List<String> potentialNamesOfAtomOnGroup1 = linkage.getPDBNameOfPotentialAtomsOnComponent1();
      for (String name : potentialNamesOfAtomOnGroup1) {
        if (name.equals("*")) {
          // wildcard
          potentialNamesOfAtomOnGroup1 = null; // search all atoms
          break;
        }
      }

      List<String> potentialNamesOfAtomOnGroup2 = linkage.getPDBNameOfPotentialAtomsOnComponent2();
      for (String name : potentialNamesOfAtomOnGroup2) {
        if (name.equals("*")) {
          // wildcard
          potentialNamesOfAtomOnGroup2 = null; // search all atoms
          break;
        }
      }

      for (Group g1 : groups1) {
        for (Group g2 : groups2) {
          if (g1.equals(g2)) {
            continue;
          }

          // only for wildcard match of two residues
          boolean ignoreNCLinkage =
              potentialNamesOfAtomOnGroup1 == null
                  && potentialNamesOfAtomOnGroup2 == null
                  && residues.contains(g1)
                  && residues.contains(g2);

          Atom[] atoms =
              StructureUtil.findNearestAtomLinkage(
                  g1,
                  g2,
                  potentialNamesOfAtomOnGroup1,
                  potentialNamesOfAtomOnGroup2,
                  ignoreNCLinkage,
                  bondLengthTolerance);
          if (atoms != null) {
            list.add(atoms);
          }
        }
      }

      if (list.isEmpty()) {
        // broken linkage
        break;
      }

      matchedAtomsOfLinkages.add(list);
    }

    return matchedAtomsOfLinkages;
  }
  /**
   * @param modifications a set of {@link ProteinModification}s.
   * @param residues
   * @param ligands
   * @param saveTo save result to
   * @return map from component to list of corresponding residues in the chain.
   */
  private void addModificationGroups(
      final Set<ProteinModification> modifications,
      final List<Group> residues,
      final List<Group> ligands,
      final Map<Component, Set<Group>> saveTo) {
    if (residues == null || ligands == null || modifications == null) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Null argument(s).");
    }

    Map<Component, Set<Component>> mapSingleMultiComps = new HashMap<Component, Set<Component>>();
    for (ProteinModification mod : modifications) {
      ModificationCondition condition = mod.getCondition();
      for (Component comp : condition.getComponents()) {
        for (String pdbccId : comp.getPdbccIds()) {
          Component single =
              Component.of(Collections.singleton(pdbccId), comp.isNTerminal(), comp.isCTerminal());
          Set<Component> mult = mapSingleMultiComps.get(single);
          if (mult == null) {
            mult = new HashSet<Component>();
            mapSingleMultiComps.put(single, mult);
          }
          mult.add(comp);
        }
      }
    }

    {
      // ligands
      Set<Component> ligandsWildCard = mapSingleMultiComps.get(Component.of("*"));
      for (Group group : ligands) {
        String pdbccId = group.getPDBName().trim();
        Set<Component> comps = mapSingleMultiComps.get(Component.of(pdbccId));

        for (Component comp : unionComponentSet(ligandsWildCard, comps)) {
          Set<Group> gs = saveTo.get(comp);
          if (gs == null) {
            gs = new LinkedHashSet<Group>();
            saveTo.put(comp, gs);
          }
          gs.add(group);
        }
      }
    }

    {
      // residues
      if (residues.isEmpty()) {
        return;
      }

      Set<Component> residuesWildCard = mapSingleMultiComps.get(Component.of("*"));

      // for all residues
      for (Group group : residues) {
        String pdbccId = group.getPDBName().trim();
        Set<Component> comps = mapSingleMultiComps.get(Component.of(pdbccId));

        for (Component comp : unionComponentSet(residuesWildCard, comps)) {
          Set<Group> gs = saveTo.get(comp);
          if (gs == null) {
            gs = new LinkedHashSet<Group>();
            saveTo.put(comp, gs);
          }
          gs.add(group);
        }
      }

      // for N-terminal
      int nRes = residues.size();
      int iRes = 0;
      Group res;
      do {
        // for all ligands on N terminal and the first residue
        res = residues.get(iRes++);

        Set<Component> nTermWildCard = mapSingleMultiComps.get(Component.of("*", true, false));

        Set<Component> comps = mapSingleMultiComps.get(Component.of(res.getPDBName(), true, false));

        for (Component comp : unionComponentSet(nTermWildCard, comps)) {
          Set<Group> gs = saveTo.get(comp);
          if (gs == null) {
            gs = new LinkedHashSet<Group>();
            saveTo.put(comp, gs);
          }
          gs.add(res);
        }
      } while (iRes < nRes && ligands.contains(res));

      // for C-terminal
      iRes = residues.size() - 1;
      do {
        // for all ligands on C terminal and the last residue
        res = residues.get(iRes--);

        Set<Component> cTermWildCard = mapSingleMultiComps.get(Component.of("*", false, true));

        Set<Component> comps = mapSingleMultiComps.get(Component.of(res.getPDBName(), false, true));

        for (Component comp : unionComponentSet(cTermWildCard, comps)) {
          Set<Group> gs = saveTo.get(comp);
          if (gs == null) {
            gs = new LinkedHashSet<Group>();
            saveTo.put(comp, gs);
          }
          gs.add(res);
        }
      } while (iRes >= 0 && ligands.contains(res));
    }
  }