public BDD varRange(BigInteger lo, BigInteger hi) {
if (lo.signum() < 0 || hi.compareTo(size()) >= 0 || lo.compareTo(hi) > 0) {
throw new BDDException("range <" + lo + ", " + hi + "> is invalid");
}
BDDFactory factory = getFactory();
BDD result = factory.zero();
int[] ivar = this.vars();
while (lo.compareTo(hi) <= 0) {
BDD v = factory.universe();
for (int n = ivar.length - 1; ; n--) {
if (lo.testBit(n)) {
v.andWith(factory.ithVar(ivar[n]));
} else {
v.andWith(factory.nithVar(ivar[n]));
}
BigInteger mask = BigInteger.ONE.shiftLeft(n).subtract(BigInteger.ONE);
if (!lo.testBit(n) && lo.or(mask).compareTo(hi) <= 0) {
lo = lo.or(mask).add(BigInteger.ONE);
break;
}
}
result.orWith(v);
}
return result;
}
public NPCI(ByteQueue queue) {
version = queue.popU1B();
control = BigInteger.valueOf(queue.popU1B());
if (control.testBit(5)) {
destinationNetwork = queue.popU2B();
destinationLength = queue.popU1B();
if (destinationLength > 0) {
destinationAddress = new byte[destinationLength];
queue.pop(destinationAddress);
}
}
if (control.testBit(3)) {
sourceNetwork = queue.popU2B();
sourceLength = queue.popU1B();
sourceAddress = new byte[sourceLength];
queue.pop(sourceAddress);
}
if (control.testBit(5)) hopCount = queue.popU1B();
if (control.testBit(7)) {
messageType = queue.popU1B();
if (messageType >= 80) vendorId = queue.popU2B();
}
}
/** @tests java.math.BigInteger#not() */
@TestTargetNew(
level = TestLevel.COMPLETE,
notes = "",
method = "not",
args = {})
public void test_not() {
for (BigInteger[] element : booleanPairs) {
BigInteger i1 = element[0];
BigInteger res = i1.not();
int len = i1.bitLength() + 66;
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
assertTrue("not", !i1.testBit(i) == res.testBit(i));
}
}
}
private static BigInteger[] LucasSequence(
BigInteger p, BigInteger X, BigInteger Y, BigInteger k) {
int n = k.bitLength();
int s = k.getLowestSetBit();
BigInteger D = X.multiply(X).subtract(Y.shiftLeft(2));
BigInteger U = BigInteger.ONE;
BigInteger V = X;
for (int j = n - 1; j >= s; j--) {
if (k.testBit(j)) {
BigInteger T = X.multiply(U).add(V).shiftRight(1).mod(p);
V = X.multiply(V).add(D.multiply(U)).shiftRight(1).mod(p);
U = T;
} else {
BigInteger T = U.multiply(V).mod(p);
V = V.multiply(V).add(D.multiply(U.multiply(U))).shiftRight(1).mod(p);
U = T;
}
}
for (int j = 1; j <= s; j++) {
BigInteger T = U.multiply(V).mod(p);
V = V.multiply(V).add(D.multiply(U.multiply(U))).shiftRight(1).mod(p);
U = T;
}
return new BigInteger[] {U, V};
}
/** @tests java.math.BigInteger#xor(java.math.BigInteger) */
@TestTargetNew(
level = TestLevel.COMPLETE,
notes = "",
method = "xor",
args = {java.math.BigInteger.class})
public void test_xorLjava_math_BigInteger() {
for (BigInteger[] element : booleanPairs) {
BigInteger i1 = element[0], i2 = element[1];
BigInteger res = i1.xor(i2);
assertTrue("symmetry of xor", res.equals(i2.xor(i1)));
int len = Math.max(i1.bitLength(), i2.bitLength()) + 66;
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
assertTrue("xor", (i1.testBit(i) ^ i2.testBit(i)) == res.testBit(i));
}
}
}
/**
* Find the number in between the high and the low value with the most zeroes.
*
* @param value the lower bound for the number
* @param highValue the upper bound for the nubmer
* @return the value for the number with the most zeroes between the two bounds
*/
private BigInteger maxZeroes(BigInteger value, BigInteger highValue) {
// Find the highest bit that would be possible to add one to before
// going over the high value.
int i = highValue.xor(value).bitLength();
int j;
while (--i >= 0) {
// If you hit a zero bit...
if (!value.testBit(i)) {
// ...change that bit to a 1.
value = value.setBit(i);
// Create a bit mask to compare with.
byte[] comparatorBytes = value.toByteArray();
Arrays.fill(comparatorBytes, (byte) 0xFF);
BigInteger comparator = new BigInteger(comparatorBytes);
comparator = comparator.shiftLeft(i);
// And the value with the bit mask. Everything after the changed
// bit will be cleared en masse. Way faster than clearing bits
// individually.
value = value.and(comparator);
break;
}
}
return value;
}
/** Postl's algorithm to compute V_k(P, 1) */
private BigInteger lucas(BigInteger P, BigInteger k) {
BigInteger d_1 = P;
BigInteger d_2 = P.multiply(P).subtract(_2).mod(p);
int l = k.bitLength() - 1; // k = \sum_{j=0}^l{k_j*2^j}
for (int j = l - 1; j >= 1; j--) {
if (k.testBit(j)) {
d_1 = d_1.multiply(d_2).subtract(P).mod(p);
d_2 = d_2.multiply(d_2).subtract(_2).mod(p);
} else {
d_2 = d_1.multiply(d_2).subtract(P).mod(p);
d_1 = d_1.multiply(d_1).subtract(_2).mod(p);
}
}
return (k.testBit(0))
? d_1.multiply(d_2).subtract(P).mod(p)
: d_1.multiply(d_1).subtract(_2).mod(p);
}
@Override
public ASTNode transform(BitVector bitVector) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.append("#b");
for (int i = bitVector.bitwidth() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
BigInteger value = bitVector.unsignedValue();
sb.append(value.testBit(i) ? "1" : "0");
}
return new SMTLibTerm(sb.toString());
}
public static void bitOps(int order) {
int failCount1 = 0, failCount2 = 0, failCount3 = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < size * 5; i++) {
BigInteger x = fetchNumber(order);
BigInteger y;
/* Test setBit and clearBit (and testBit) */
if (x.signum() < 0) {
y = BigInteger.valueOf(-1);
for (int j = 0; j < x.bitLength(); j++) if (!x.testBit(j)) y = y.clearBit(j);
} else {
y = BigInteger.ZERO;
for (int j = 0; j < x.bitLength(); j++) if (x.testBit(j)) y = y.setBit(j);
}
if (!x.equals(y)) failCount1++;
/* Test flipBit (and testBit) */
y = BigInteger.valueOf(x.signum() < 0 ? -1 : 0);
for (int j = 0; j < x.bitLength(); j++) if (x.signum() < 0 ^ x.testBit(j)) y = y.flipBit(j);
if (!x.equals(y)) failCount2++;
}
report("clearBit/testBit", failCount1);
report("flipBit/testBit", failCount2);
for (int i = 0; i < size * 5; i++) {
BigInteger x = fetchNumber(order);
/* Test getLowestSetBit() */
int k = x.getLowestSetBit();
if (x.signum() == 0) {
if (k != -1) failCount3++;
} else {
BigInteger z = x.and(x.negate());
int j;
for (j = 0; j < z.bitLength() && !z.testBit(j); j++) ;
if (k != j) failCount3++;
}
}
report("getLowestSetBit", failCount3);
}
private static boolean isPrime(BigInteger n) {
BigInteger sqrt = bigIntSqRootFloor(n).add(BigInteger.ONE);
BigInteger TWO = BigInteger.valueOf(2);
if (!n.testBit(0)) return false; // even number
for (BigInteger i = BigInteger.valueOf(3); i.compareTo(sqrt) <= 0; i = i.add(TWO)) {
if (n.mod(i).compareTo(BigInteger.ZERO) == 0) return false;
}
return true;
}
/** @tests java.math.BigInteger#andNot(java.math.BigInteger) */
@TestTargetNew(
level = TestLevel.COMPLETE,
notes = "",
method = "andNot",
args = {java.math.BigInteger.class})
public void test_andNotLjava_math_BigInteger() {
for (BigInteger[] element : booleanPairs) {
BigInteger i1 = element[0], i2 = element[1];
BigInteger res = i1.andNot(i2);
int len = Math.max(i1.bitLength(), i2.bitLength()) + 66;
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
assertTrue("andNot", (i1.testBit(i) && !i2.testBit(i)) == res.testBit(i));
}
// asymmetrical
i1 = element[1];
i2 = element[0];
res = i1.andNot(i2);
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
assertTrue("andNot reversed", (i1.testBit(i) && !i2.testBit(i)) == res.testBit(i));
}
}
// regression for HARMONY-4653
try {
BigInteger.ZERO.andNot(null);
fail("should throw NPE");
} catch (Exception e) {
// expected
}
BigInteger bi = new BigInteger(0, new byte[] {});
assertEquals(BigInteger.ZERO, bi.andNot(BigInteger.ZERO));
}
public ECFieldElement Sqrt() {
if (!this.q.testBit(0)) {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException("even value of q");
}
if (this.q.testBit(1)) {
ECFieldElement z =
new FpFieldElement(
this.q, this.x.modPow(this.q.shiftRight(2).add(BigInteger.ONE), this.q));
return z.Square().equals(this) ? z : null;
}
BigInteger u = this.q.shiftRight(3);
if (this.q.testBit(2)) {
BigInteger z = this.x.modPow(u.shiftLeft(1).add(BigInteger.ONE), this.q);
if (z.equals(BigInteger.ONE)) {
return new FpFieldElement(this.q, this.x.modPow(u.add(BigInteger.ONE), this.q));
}
if (z.equals(this.q.subtract(BigInteger.ONE))) {
return new FpFieldElement(
this.q,
this.x.shiftLeft(1).multiply(this.x.shiftLeft(2).modPow(u, this.q)).mod(this.q));
}
return null;
}
BigInteger qMinusOne = this.q.subtract(BigInteger.ONE);
BigInteger legendreExponent = qMinusOne.shiftRight(1);
if (!this.x.modPow(legendreExponent, this.q).equals(BigInteger.ONE)) {
return null;
}
BigInteger k = legendreExponent.add(BigInteger.ONE);
BigInteger fourY = this.x.shiftLeft(2).mod(this.q);
Random rand = new Random();
BigInteger U;
do {
BigInteger r;
do {
r = new BigInteger(this.q.bitLength(), rand);
} while ((r.compareTo(this.q) >= 0)
|| (!r.multiply(r).subtract(fourY).modPow(legendreExponent, this.q).equals(qMinusOne)));
BigInteger[] result = LucasSequence(this.q, r, this.x, k);
U = result[0];
BigInteger V = result[1];
if (V.multiply(V).mod(this.q).equals(fourY)) {
if (V.testBit(0)) {
V = V.add(this.q);
}
return new FpFieldElement(this.q, V.shiftRight(1).mod(this.q));
}
} while ((U.equals(BigInteger.ONE)) || (U.equals(qMinusOne)));
return null;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
BigInteger one = BigInteger.ONE;
BigInteger two = BigInteger.valueOf(2);
BigInteger three = BigInteger.valueOf(3);
System.out.print("Enter a natural number: ");
BigInteger number = new BigInteger(input.nextLine());
if (number.compareTo(one) <= 0) return; // check number <= 1
boolean allPrime = true;
LinkedList<BigInteger> primes = new LinkedList<BigInteger>();
while (number.compareTo(one) != 0) { // while number != 1
if (allPrime && number.testBit(0) && number.compareTo(BigInteger.ONE) != 0) {
if (!isPrime(number)) {
System.out.println(number + " isn't prime!");
allPrime = false;
primes = null;
} else primes.add(number);
}
if (number.testBit(0)) { // check if odd
number = number.multiply(three).add(one);
} else {
number = number.divide(two);
}
System.out.println(number);
}
if (allPrime) {
System.out.printf("\nAll %d odd numbers were prime!\n", primes.size() + 1);
for (BigInteger n : primes) {
System.out.println(n);
}
System.out.println(1);
}
}
/**
* Returns what corresponds to a disjunction of all possible values of this domain. This is more
* efficient than doing ithVar(0) OR ithVar(1) ... explicitly for all values in the domain.
*
* <p>Compare to fdd_domain.
*/
public BDD domain() {
BDDFactory factory = getFactory();
/* Encode V<=X-1. V is the variables in 'var' and X is the domain size */
BigInteger val = size().subtract(BigInteger.ONE);
BDD d = factory.universe();
int[] ivar = vars();
for (int n = 0; n < this.varNum(); n++) {
if (val.testBit(0)) d.orWith(factory.nithVar(ivar[n]));
else d.andWith(factory.nithVar(ivar[n]));
val = val.shiftRight(1);
}
return d;
}
/**
* This is a k-extend field power method in F2(4m).
*
* @param inputField k-extend field from polynomials.
* @param pow FieldElement value to power fieldArray.
* @return [fieldArrayA[]]^[pow] mod(modulus).
*/
@Override
public FieldElement[] extendPow(final FieldElement[] inputField, final BigInteger pow) {
FieldElement[] returnArray = {
this.modulus.getONE(), this.modulus.getZERO(), this.modulus.getZERO(), this.modulus.getZERO()
};
FieldElement[] field = inputField.clone();
for (int i = 0; i < pow.bitLength(); i++) {
if (pow.testBit(i)) {
returnArray = this.extendMul(returnArray, field);
}
field = this.extendSquaring(field);
}
return returnArray;
}
@Test
public void testRandom() throws IOException {
int numBytes = 1024;
byte[] bits = new byte[numBytes];
ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextBytes(bits);
BigInteger n = new BigInteger(bits);
InputStream src = new ByteArrayInputStream(Bits.swapEndian(n.toByteArray()));
BitInputStream in = new BitInputStream(src);
int numBits = numBytes * 8;
for (int i = 0; i < numBits; i++) {
Assert.assertEquals(n.testBit(i), in.readBit());
}
}
public BDD ithVar(BigInteger val) {
if (val.signum() < 0 || val.compareTo(size()) >= 0) {
throw new BDDException(val + " is out of range");
}
BDDFactory factory = getFactory();
BDD v = factory.universe();
int[] ivar = this.vars();
for (int n = 0; n < ivar.length; n++) {
if (val.testBit(0)) v.andWith(factory.ithVar(ivar[n]));
else v.andWith(factory.nithVar(ivar[n]));
val = val.shiftRight(1);
}
return v;
}
public RSAKeyGenerationParameters(
BigInteger publicExponent, SecureRandom random, int strength, int certainty) {
super(random, strength);
if (strength < 12) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("key strength too small");
}
//
// public exponent cannot be even
//
if (!publicExponent.testBit(0)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("public exponent cannot be even");
}
this.publicExponent = publicExponent;
this.certainty = certainty;
}
private BigInteger[] lucasSequence(BigInteger P, BigInteger Q, BigInteger k) {
// TODO Research and apply "common-multiplicand multiplication here"
int n = k.bitLength();
int s = k.getLowestSetBit();
// assert k.testBit(s);
BigInteger Uh = ECConstants.ONE;
BigInteger Vl = ECConstants.TWO;
BigInteger Vh = P;
BigInteger Ql = ECConstants.ONE;
BigInteger Qh = ECConstants.ONE;
for (int j = n - 1; j >= s + 1; --j) {
Ql = modMult(Ql, Qh);
if (k.testBit(j)) {
Qh = modMult(Ql, Q);
Uh = modMult(Uh, Vh);
Vl = modReduce(Vh.multiply(Vl).subtract(P.multiply(Ql)));
Vh = modReduce(Vh.multiply(Vh).subtract(Qh.shiftLeft(1)));
} else {
Qh = Ql;
Uh = modReduce(Uh.multiply(Vl).subtract(Ql));
Vh = modReduce(Vh.multiply(Vl).subtract(P.multiply(Ql)));
Vl = modReduce(Vl.multiply(Vl).subtract(Ql.shiftLeft(1)));
}
}
Ql = modMult(Ql, Qh);
Qh = modMult(Ql, Q);
Uh = modReduce(Uh.multiply(Vl).subtract(Ql));
Vl = modReduce(Vh.multiply(Vl).subtract(P.multiply(Ql)));
Ql = modMult(Ql, Qh);
for (int j = 1; j <= s; ++j) {
Uh = modMult(Uh, Vl);
Vl = modReduce(Vl.multiply(Vl).subtract(Ql.shiftLeft(1)));
Ql = modMult(Ql, Ql);
}
return new BigInteger[] {Uh, Vl};
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
BigInteger one = BigInteger.ONE;
BigInteger two = new BigInteger("2");
BigInteger three = new BigInteger("3");
System.out.print("Enter a natural number: ");
BigInteger number = new BigInteger(input.nextLine());
if (number.compareTo(one) <= 0) return; // check number <= 1
while (number.compareTo(one) != 0) { // while number != 1
if (number.testBit(0)) { // check if odd
number = number.multiply(three).add(one);
} else {
number = number.divide(two);
}
System.out.println(number);
}
}
private static BigInteger[] lucasSequence(
BigInteger p, BigInteger P, BigInteger Q, BigInteger k) {
int n = k.bitLength();
int s = k.getLowestSetBit();
BigInteger Uh = ECConstants.ONE;
BigInteger Vl = ECConstants.TWO;
BigInteger Vh = P;
BigInteger Ql = ECConstants.ONE;
BigInteger Qh = ECConstants.ONE;
for (int j = n - 1; j >= s + 1; --j) {
Ql = Ql.multiply(Qh).mod(p);
if (k.testBit(j)) {
Qh = Ql.multiply(Q).mod(p);
Uh = Uh.multiply(Vh).mod(p);
Vl = Vh.multiply(Vl).subtract(P.multiply(Ql)).mod(p);
Vh = Vh.multiply(Vh).subtract(Qh.shiftLeft(1)).mod(p);
} else {
Qh = Ql;
Uh = Uh.multiply(Vl).subtract(Ql).mod(p);
Vh = Vh.multiply(Vl).subtract(P.multiply(Ql)).mod(p);
Vl = Vl.multiply(Vl).subtract(Ql.shiftLeft(1)).mod(p);
}
}
Ql = Ql.multiply(Qh).mod(p);
Qh = Ql.multiply(Q).mod(p);
Uh = Uh.multiply(Vl).subtract(Ql).mod(p);
Vl = Vh.multiply(Vl).subtract(P.multiply(Ql)).mod(p);
Ql = Ql.multiply(Qh).mod(p);
for (int j = 1; j <= s; ++j) {
Uh = Uh.multiply(Vl).mod(p);
Vl = Vl.multiply(Vl).subtract(Ql.shiftLeft(1)).mod(p);
Ql = Ql.multiply(Ql).mod(p);
}
return new BigInteger[] {Uh, Vl};
}
protected BigInteger compute() {
if (n.compareTo(TWO) < 1) {
return BigInteger.ONE;
}
BigInteger k = n.shiftRight(1); // n.divide(TWO);
FibRecursiveTask f1 = new FibRecursiveTask(k.add(BigInteger.ONE));
f1.fork();
FibRecursiveTask f2 = new FibRecursiveTask(k);
BigInteger b = f2.compute();
BigInteger a = f1.join();
// is n odd
if (n.testBit(0)) {
// return a*a + b*b;
// return KaratsubaMultiplication.multiply(a, a).add(KaratsubaMultiplication.multiply(b, b));
return a.multiply(a).add(b.multiply(b));
}
// return b*(2*a - b);
// return KaratsubaMultiplication.multiply(b,a.shiftLeft(1).subtract(b));
return b.multiply(a.shiftLeft(1).subtract(b));
}
/**
* left-to-right exponentiation with k-bit window. NB. must have k >= 1.
*
* @param n
*/
protected void elementPowWind(BigInteger n) {
/* early abort if raising to power 0 */
if (n.signum() == 0) {
setToOne();
return;
}
int word = 0; /* the word to look up. 0<word<base */
int wbits = 0; /* # of bits so far in word. wbits<=k. */
int k = optimalPowWindowSize(n);
List<Element> lookup = buildPowWindow(k);
Element result = field.newElement().setToOne();
for (int inword = 0, s = n.bitLength() - 1; s >= 0; s--) {
result.square();
int bit = n.testBit(s) ? 1 : 0;
if (inword == 0 && bit == 0) continue; /* keep scanning. note continue. */
if (inword == 0) {
/* was scanning, just found word */
inword = 1; /* so, start new word */
word = 1;
wbits = 1;
} else {
word = (word << 1) + bit;
wbits++; /* continue word */
}
if (wbits == k || s == 0) {
result.mul(lookup.get(word));
inword = 0;
}
}
set(result);
}
/**
* Compute a square root of v (mod p).
*
* @return a square root of v (mod p) if one exists, or null otherwise.
*/
BigInteger sqrt(BigInteger v) {
if (v.signum() == 0) {
return _0;
}
// case I: p = 3 (mod 4):
if (p.testBit(1)) {
BigInteger r = v.modPow(p.shiftRight(2).add(_1), p);
// test solution:
return r.multiply(r).subtract(v).mod(p).signum() == 0 ? r : null;
}
// case II: p = 5 (mod 8):
if (p.testBit(2)) {
BigInteger twog = v.shiftLeft(1).mod(p);
BigInteger gamma = twog.modPow(p.shiftRight(3), p);
BigInteger i = twog.multiply(gamma).multiply(gamma).mod(p);
BigInteger r = v.multiply(gamma).multiply(i.subtract(_1)).mod(p);
// test solution:
return r.multiply(r).subtract(v).mod(p).signum() == 0 ? r : null;
}
// case III: p = 9 (mod 16):
if (p.testBit(3)) {
BigInteger twou = p.shiftRight(2); // (p-1)/4
BigInteger s0 = v.shiftLeft(1).modPow(twou, p); // (2v)^(2u) mod p
BigInteger s = s0;
BigInteger d = _1;
BigInteger fouru = twou.shiftLeft(1);
while (s.add(_1).compareTo(p) != 0) {
d = d.add(_2);
s = d.modPow(fouru, p).multiply(s0).mod(p);
}
BigInteger w = d.multiply(d).multiply(v).shiftLeft(1).mod(p);
// assert (w.modPow(twou, p).add(_1).compareTo(p) == 0);
BigInteger z = w.modPow(p.shiftRight(4), p); // w^((p-9)/16)
BigInteger i = z.multiply(z).multiply(w).mod(p);
BigInteger r = z.multiply(d).multiply(v).multiply(i.subtract(_1)).mod(p);
// test solution:
return r.multiply(r).subtract(v).mod(p).signum() == 0 ? r : null;
}
// case IV: p = 17 (mod 32):
if (p.testBit(4)) {
BigInteger twou = p.shiftRight(3); // (p-1)/8
BigInteger s0 = v.shiftLeft(1).modPow(twou, p); // (2v)^(2u) mod p
BigInteger s = s0;
BigInteger d = _1;
BigInteger fouru = twou.shiftLeft(1); // (p-1)/4
while (s.add(_1).compareTo(p) != 0) {
d = d.add(_2);
s = d.modPow(fouru, p).multiply(s0).mod(p);
}
BigInteger w = d.multiply(d).multiply(v).shiftLeft(1).mod(p);
// assert (w.modPow(twou, p).add(_1).compareTo(p) == 0);
BigInteger z = w.modPow(p.shiftRight(5), p); // w^((p-17)/32)
BigInteger i = z.multiply(z).multiply(w).mod(p);
BigInteger r = z.multiply(d).multiply(v).multiply(i.subtract(_1)).mod(p);
// test solution:
return r.multiply(r).subtract(v).mod(p).signum() == 0 ? r : null;
}
// case V: p = 1 (mod 4, 8, 16, 32):
if (v.compareTo(_4) == 0) {
return _2;
}
BigInteger z = v.subtract(_4).mod(p);
BigInteger t = _1;
while (legendre(z) >= 0) {
t = t.add(_1);
z = v.multiply(t).multiply(t).subtract(_4).mod(p);
}
z = v.multiply(t).multiply(t).subtract(_2).mod(p);
BigInteger r = lucas(z, p.shiftRight(2)).multiply(t.modInverse(p)).mod(p);
// test solution:
return r.multiply(r).subtract(v).mod(p).signum() == 0 ? r : null;
}
/** Compute the quadratic character of v, i.e. (v/p) for prime p. */
public int legendre(BigInteger v) {
// return v.modPow(p.shiftRight(1), p).add(_1).compareTo(p) == 0 ? -1 : 1; // v^((p-1)/2) mod p
// = (v/p) for prime p
int J = 1;
BigInteger x = v, y = p;
if (x.signum() < 0) {
x = x.negate();
if (y.testBit(0) && y.testBit(1)) { // y = 3 (mod 4)
J = -J;
}
}
while (y.compareTo(_1) > 0) {
x = x.mod(y);
if (x.compareTo(y.shiftRight(1)) > 0) {
x = y.subtract(x);
if (y.testBit(0) && y.testBit(1)) { // y = 3 (mod 4)
J = -J;
}
}
if (x.signum() == 0) {
x = _1;
y = _0;
J = 0;
break;
}
while (!x.testBit(0) && !x.testBit(1)) { // 4 divides x
x = x.shiftRight(2);
}
if (!x.testBit(0)) { // 2 divides x
x = x.shiftRight(1);
if (y.testBit(0) && (y.testBit(1) == !y.testBit(2))) { // y = �3 (mod 8)
J = -J;
}
}
if (x.testBit(0) && x.testBit(1) && y.testBit(0) && y.testBit(1)) { // x = y = 3 (mod 4)
J = -J;
}
BigInteger t = x;
x = y;
y = t; // switch x and y
}
return J;
}
protected BigInteger modHalfAbs(BigInteger x) {
if (x.testBit(0)) {
x = q.subtract(x);
}
return x.shiftRight(1);
}
protected BigInteger modHalf(BigInteger x) {
if (x.testBit(0)) {
x = q.add(x);
}
return x.shiftRight(1);
}
/**
* return a sqrt root - the routine verifies that the calculation returns the right value - if
* none exists it returns null.
*/
public ECFieldElement sqrt() {
if (this.isZero() || this.isOne()) // earlier JDK compatibility
{
return this;
}
if (!q.testBit(0)) {
throw new RuntimeException("not done yet");
}
// note: even though this class implements ECConstants don't be tempted to
// remove the explicit declaration, some J2ME environments don't cope.
if (q.testBit(1)) // q == 4m + 3
{
BigInteger e = q.shiftRight(2).add(ECConstants.ONE);
return checkSqrt(new Fp(q, r, x.modPow(e, q)));
}
if (q.testBit(2)) // q == 8m + 5
{
BigInteger t1 = x.modPow(q.shiftRight(3), q);
BigInteger t2 = modMult(t1, x);
BigInteger t3 = modMult(t2, t1);
if (t3.equals(ECConstants.ONE)) {
return checkSqrt(new Fp(q, r, t2));
}
// TODO This is constant and could be precomputed
BigInteger t4 = ECConstants.TWO.modPow(q.shiftRight(2), q);
BigInteger y = modMult(t2, t4);
return checkSqrt(new Fp(q, r, y));
}
// q == 8m + 1
BigInteger legendreExponent = q.shiftRight(1);
if (!(x.modPow(legendreExponent, q).equals(ECConstants.ONE))) {
return null;
}
BigInteger X = this.x;
BigInteger fourX = modDouble(modDouble(X));
BigInteger k = legendreExponent.add(ECConstants.ONE), qMinusOne = q.subtract(ECConstants.ONE);
BigInteger U, V;
Random rand = new Random();
do {
BigInteger P;
do {
P = new BigInteger(q.bitLength(), rand);
} while (P.compareTo(q) >= 0
|| !modReduce(P.multiply(P).subtract(fourX))
.modPow(legendreExponent, q)
.equals(qMinusOne));
BigInteger[] result = lucasSequence(P, X, k);
U = result[0];
V = result[1];
if (modMult(V, V).equals(fourX)) {
return new ECFieldElement.Fp(q, r, modHalfAbs(V));
}
} while (U.equals(ECConstants.ONE) || U.equals(qMinusOne));
return null;
}
/**
* return a sqrt root - the routine verifies that the calculation returns the right value - if
* none exists it returns null.
*/
public ECFieldElement sqrt() {
if (!q.testBit(0)) {
throw new RuntimeException("not done yet");
}
// p mod 4 == 3
if (q.testBit(1)) {
// z = g^(u+1) + p, p = 4u + 3
ECFieldElement z = new Fp(q, x.modPow(q.shiftRight(2).add(ONE), q));
return z.square().equals(this) ? z : null;
}
// p mod 4 == 1
BigInteger qMinusOne = q.subtract(ECConstants.ONE);
BigInteger legendreExponent = qMinusOne.shiftRight(1);
if (!(x.modPow(legendreExponent, q).equals(ECConstants.ONE))) {
return null;
}
BigInteger u = qMinusOne.shiftRight(2);
BigInteger k = u.shiftLeft(1).add(ECConstants.ONE);
BigInteger Q = this.x;
BigInteger fourQ = Q.shiftLeft(2).mod(q);
BigInteger U, V;
Random rand = new Random();
do {
BigInteger P;
do {
P = new BigInteger(q.bitLength(), rand);
} while (P.compareTo(q) >= 0
|| !(P.multiply(P).subtract(fourQ).modPow(legendreExponent, q).equals(qMinusOne)));
BigInteger[] result = lucasSequence(q, P, Q, k);
U = result[0];
V = result[1];
if (V.multiply(V).mod(q).equals(fourQ)) {
// Integer division by 2, mod q
if (V.testBit(0)) {
V = V.add(q);
}
V = V.shiftRight(1);
// assert V.multiply(V).mod(q).equals(x);
return new ECFieldElement.Fp(q, V);
}
} while (U.equals(ECConstants.ONE) || U.equals(qMinusOne));
return null;
// BigInteger qMinusOne = q.subtract(ECConstants.ONE);
// BigInteger legendreExponent = qMinusOne.shiftRight(1); //divide(ECConstants.TWO);
// if (!(x.modPow(legendreExponent, q).equals(ECConstants.ONE)))
// {
// return null;
// }
//
// Random rand = new Random();
// BigInteger fourX = x.shiftLeft(2);
//
// BigInteger r;
// do
// {
// r = new BigInteger(q.bitLength(), rand);
// }
// while (r.compareTo(q) >= 0
// || !(r.multiply(r).subtract(fourX).modPow(legendreExponent, q).equals(qMinusOne)));
//
// BigInteger n1 = qMinusOne.shiftRight(2); //.divide(ECConstants.FOUR);
// BigInteger n2 = n1.add(ECConstants.ONE);
// //q.add(ECConstants.THREE).divide(ECConstants.FOUR);
//
// BigInteger wOne = WOne(r, x, q);
// BigInteger wSum = W(n1, wOne, q).add(W(n2, wOne, q)).mod(q);
// BigInteger twoR = r.shiftLeft(1); //ECConstants.TWO.multiply(r);
//
// BigInteger root = twoR.modPow(q.subtract(ECConstants.TWO), q)
// .multiply(x).mod(q)
// .multiply(wSum).mod(q);
//
// return new Fp(q, root);
}
/**
* 测试是否具有指定编码的权限
*
* @param sum
* @param targetRights
* @return
*/
public static boolean testRights(BigInteger sum, int targetRights) {
return sum.testBit(targetRights);
}