private void getVelocity() {
vy = 3.0;
vx = rgen.nextDouble(1.0, 3.0);
if (rgen.nextBoolean(0.5)) {
vx = -vx;
}
}
/** When mouse pressed: begin our fantastic game */
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
if (vx == 0) {
vx = rgen.nextDouble(0.5, 1);
vy = -1;
if (rgen.nextBoolean() == true) {
vx *= -1;
}
}
}
public class RandomCircles extends GraphicsProgram {
/** Number of circles */
private static final int NCIRCLES = 10;
/** Minimum radius */
private static final double MIN_RADIUS = 5;
/** Maximum radius */
private static final double MAX_RADIUS = 50;
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < NCIRCLES; i++) {
double r = rgen.nextDouble(MIN_RADIUS, MAX_RADIUS);
double x = rgen.nextDouble(0, getWidth() - 2 * r);
double y = rgen.nextDouble(0, getHeight() - 2 * r);
GOval circle = new GOval(x, y, 2 * r, 2 * r);
circle.setFilled(true);
circle.setColor(rgen.nextColor());
add(circle);
}
}
/* Private instance variable */
private RandomGenerator rgen = RandomGenerator.getInstance();
}
/** getReady: Initialize the game */
private void getReady() {
// Make up the bricks
double brickPerWidth =
(getWidth() - DIST_BRICK_WALL * 2 - DIST_BRICK_BRICK * (NUM_BRICK_ROW - 1)) / NUM_BRICK_ROW;
double brickPerHeight = BRICK_HEIGHT;
double x_start = DIST_BRICK_WALL;
double y_start;
for (int i = 1; i <= NUM_BRICK_ROW; i++) {
for (int j = 1; j <= NUM_BRICK_COL; j++) {
y_start = 50 + (j - 1) * (DIST_BRICK_BRICK + brickPerHeight);
GRect tmpbrick = new GRect(brickPerWidth, brickPerHeight);
tmpbrick.setFilled(true);
add(tmpbrick, x_start, y_start);
}
x_start += DIST_BRICK_BRICK + brickPerWidth;
}
// Make up the board
board = new GRect(BOARD_WIDTH, BOARD_HEIGHT);
board.setFilled(true);
add(board, (getWidth() - BOARD_WIDTH) / 2, (getHeight() - 30));
// Place the ball
ball = new GOval(BALL_RADIUS * 2, BALL_RADIUS * 2);
ball.setFilled(true);
ball.setColor(Color.RED);
add(ball, (getWidth() - BALL_RADIUS * 2) / 2, (getHeight() - 30 - BALL_RADIUS * 2));
// Set up random generator
rgen = RandomGenerator.getInstance();
// Add Listeners
addMouseListeners();
}
public class Breakout_Extension extends GraphicsProgram {
/**
* Width and height of application window in pixels. On some platforms these may NOT actually be
* the dimensions of the graphics canvas.
*/
public static final int APPLICATION_WIDTH = 400;
public static final int APPLICATION_HEIGHT = 600;
/**
* Dimensions of game board. On some platforms these may NOT actually be the dimensions of the
* graphics canvas.
*/
private static final int WIDTH = APPLICATION_WIDTH;
private static final int HEIGHT = APPLICATION_HEIGHT;
/** Dimensions of the paddle */
private static final int PADDLE_WIDTH = 60;
private static final int PADDLE_HEIGHT = 10;
/** Offset of the paddle up from the bottom */
private static final int PADDLE_Y_OFFSET = 30;
/** Number of bricks per row */
private static final int NBRICKS_PER_ROW = 10;
/** Number of rows of bricks */
private static final int NBRICK_ROWS = 10;
/** Separation between bricks */
private static final int BRICK_SEP = 4;
/** Width of a brick */
private static final int BRICK_WIDTH =
(WIDTH - (NBRICKS_PER_ROW - 1) * BRICK_SEP) / NBRICKS_PER_ROW;
/** Height of a brick */
private static final int BRICK_HEIGHT = 8;
/** Radius of the ball in pixels */
private static final int BALL_RADIUS = 10;
/** Offset of the top brick row from the top */
private static final int BRICK_Y_OFFSET = 70;
/** Number of turns */
private static final int NTURNS = 3;
/** Animation delay or pause time between ball moves */
private static final int DELAY = 20;
/* Method: run() */
/** Runs the Breakout program. */
/*
* instance variables
*/
private GRect paddle; // the paddle
private GOval ball; // the ball
private double vx, vy; // the x component and y component of velocity of ball
private GLabel lifeCount; // the prompt to show the life user still has
private RandomGenerator rgen = RandomGenerator.getInstance(); // create a random number generator
private int brickCount = NBRICK_ROWS * NBRICKS_PER_ROW; // total number of bricks
/*
* first create the items in the game then play.
*/
public void run() {
setup();
showInitialLifeCount();
play();
}
/*
* set up the items in the game, including bricks, a paddle and a ball.
*/
private void setup() {
drawBricks();
drawPaddle();
createBall();
}
/*
* Draw all the bricks.
*/
private void drawBricks() {
for (int i = 0; i < NBRICK_ROWS; i++) {
drawRow(i);
}
}
/*
* draw a row of the brick pile
*/
private void drawRow(int row) {
for (int i = 0; i < NBRICKS_PER_ROW; i++) {
drawOneBrick(row, i);
}
}
/*
* create one brick.
*/
private void drawOneBrick(int row, int col) {
double x0 =
(WIDTH - NBRICKS_PER_ROW * BRICK_WIDTH - (NBRICKS_PER_ROW - 1) * BRICK_SEP)
/ 2; // the distance of leftmost brick to left border of the world
double x = x0 + (BRICK_WIDTH + BRICK_SEP) * col;
double y = BRICK_Y_OFFSET + (BRICK_SEP + BRICK_HEIGHT) * row;
GRect brick = new GRect(x, y, BRICK_WIDTH, BRICK_HEIGHT);
brick.setFilled(true);
colorBrick(row, brick);
add(brick);
}
/*
* set color for the bricks according to which rows they are in.
*/
private void colorBrick(int row, GRect brick) {
if (row < 2) {
brick.setColor(Color.RED);
} else if (row < 4) {
brick.setColor(Color.ORANGE);
} else if (row < 6) {
brick.setColor(Color.YELLOW);
} else if (row < 8) {
brick.setColor(Color.GREEN);
} else if (row < 10) {
brick.setColor(Color.CYAN);
}
}
/*
* Draw a paddle.
*/
private void drawPaddle() {
double x = (WIDTH - PADDLE_WIDTH) / 2;
double y = HEIGHT - BRICK_Y_OFFSET - PADDLE_HEIGHT;
paddle = new GRect(x, y, PADDLE_WIDTH, PADDLE_HEIGHT);
paddle.setFilled(true);
add(paddle);
addMouseListeners();
}
/*
* change the x location of the paddle according to the movement of user's mouse.
*/
public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e) {
if ((e.getX() > PADDLE_WIDTH / 2) && (e.getX() < WIDTH - PADDLE_WIDTH / 2)) {
double x = e.getX() - PADDLE_WIDTH / 2;
double y = HEIGHT - BRICK_Y_OFFSET - PADDLE_HEIGHT;
paddle.setLocation(x, y);
}
}
/*
* draw a ball and assign a initial velocity for it
*/
private void createBall() {
drawBall();
getVelocity();
}
/*
* Draw a ball at the center of the world with radius BALL_RADIUS.
*/
private void drawBall() {
double x = WIDTH / 2 - BALL_RADIUS;
double y = HEIGHT / 2 - BALL_RADIUS;
double d = 2 * BALL_RADIUS;
ball = new GOval(x, y, d, d);
ball.setFilled(true);
add(ball);
}
/*
* The balls gains an initial speed and starts to move.
* The x component of the initial velocity is 3.0.
* The y component of the initial velocity is a random number of certain range.
*/
private void getVelocity() {
vy = 3.0;
vx = rgen.nextDouble(1.0, 3.0);
if (rgen.nextBoolean(0.5)) {
vx = -vx;
}
}
/*
* display the turns users have at the beginning of the game
*/
private void showInitialLifeCount() {
GLabel lifeCount = prompt("You have " + NTURNS + " lives.");
add(lifeCount);
waitForClick();
remove(lifeCount);
}
/*
* Users start the game with a click. The game does not end until the ball falls off the bottom
* of the screen or there is no brick left. If you break all the bricks before using up the lives,
* you win. If the ball falls off the bottom of the screen, you turn to other round until you use
* up all your lives.
*/
private void play() {
gaming();
showPrompt();
}
/*
* user plays the game. If the user loses in one turn,the game goes on to the next turn.
* If the user loses NTURNS times, he or she loses the game. If the user wins in one turn,
* the game does not go on to next turn, but ends.
*/
private void gaming() {
boolean loseOneTurn;
boolean win = false;
boolean stillAlive = true;
for (int i = NTURNS; i > 0; i--) { // loops for the number of turns.
GLabel life = showLifeCount(i);
waitForClick();
add(life);
while (stillAlive) { // the ball moves and bounces until the user loses or wins the turn.
moveBall();
loseOneTurn =
(ball.getY() >= HEIGHT); // user loses one turn when the ball falls under the paddle.
win = (brickCount == 0); // user wins when there is no brick left.
stillAlive = !(loseOneTurn || win);
}
if (win) break; // breaks from the loop if the user wins in one turn.
remove(ball);
createBall(); // a new ball appears on the center of the screen after one turn
stillAlive = true;
remove(life);
}
}
/*
* Show remaining lives the user has at the upper left corner of the screen.
*/
private GLabel showLifeCount(int life) {
GLabel lifeCount = new GLabel("Life Count: " + life);
lifeCount.setFont("Times-15");
lifeCount.setLocation(10, lifeCount.getAscent() + 10);
return lifeCount;
}
/*
* the ball starts to fall, and bounces when hitting the wall or objects.
*/
private void moveBall() {
startFall();
checkWall();
checkObject();
}
/*
* the ball falls from its original location at the center of the screen.
*/
private void startFall() {
ball.move(vx, vy);
pause(DELAY);
ball.sendToBack();
}
/*
* checks if the ball hits the left, the right or the top wall. Then change the movement
* of the ball accordingly.
*/
private void checkWall() {
boolean checkLeftWall = ball.getX() <= 0;
boolean checkRightWall = ball.getX() + BALL_RADIUS * 2 >= WIDTH;
boolean checkTop = ball.getY() <= 0;
if ((checkLeftWall) || (checkRightWall)) {
vx = -vx;
}
if (checkTop) {
vy = -vy;
}
}
/*
* Check the four corners of the square inscribing the ball in order.
* If one of the corner is contained in an object other than paddle, remove the object and then bounce off.
* If one of the corner is contained in paddle, bounce off without removing the paddle.
*
*/
private void checkObject() {
// x and y parameters for the different corners
double leftX = ball.getX();
double rightX = ball.getX() + (2 * BALL_RADIUS);
double upperY = ball.getY();
double lowerY = ball.getY() + (2 * BALL_RADIUS);
// check the corners for object
GObject upperLeft = checkCorner(leftX, upperY); // check upper-left corner
if (upperLeft == null) {
GObject upperRight = checkCorner(rightX, upperY); // check upper-right corner
}
GObject lowerLeft = checkCorner(leftX, lowerY); // //check lower-left corner
if (lowerLeft == null) {
GObject lowerRight = checkCorner(rightX, lowerY); // check lower-right corner
if ((lowerLeft == paddle)
&& (lowerRight == paddle)) { // When both lower corners hit paddle, change direction.
vy = -vy;
}
}
}
/*
* check one corner of the square inscribing the ball in order.
* If one of the corner is contained in an object other than paddle, remove the object and then bounce off.
* If one of the corner is contained in paddle, bounce off without removing the paddle.
*/
private GObject checkCorner(double x, double y) {
GObject obj = getElementAt(x, y); // check the corner for GObject
if (obj == paddle) {
vy = -Math.abs(vy);
PrecisionPaddle();
} else if (obj != null && obj != lifeCount) { // check if the ball hits a brick
remove(obj);
vy = -1.05 * vy;
vx = 1.05 * vx;
brickCount--;
AudioClip bounceClip = MediaTools.loadAudioClip("bounce.au");
bounceClip.play();
}
return obj;
}
/*
* check if ball gets into the paddle, update location as appropriate
*/
private void PrecisionPaddle() {
if (ball.getY()
> HEIGHT
- PADDLE_Y_OFFSET
- PADDLE_HEIGHT
- BALL_RADIUS * 2) { // check if the ball drops below the paddle
double diff = ball.getY() - (HEIGHT - PADDLE_Y_OFFSET - PADDLE_HEIGHT - BALL_RADIUS * 2);
ball.move(0, -2 * diff); // move ball an amount equal to the amount it drops below the paddle
}
}
/*
* Show the prompt to indicate whether user loses or wins.
*/
private void showPrompt() {
if (brickCount == 0) {
add(prompt("YOU WIN!"));
} else {
add(prompt("GAME OVER!"));
}
}
/*
* prompt at the end of the game to indicate whether the user wins or loses
*/
private GLabel prompt(String endGame) {
GLabel prompt = new GLabel(endGame);
prompt.setFont("Times-Bold-50");
double x = (WIDTH - prompt.getWidth()) / 2;
double y = HEIGHT * 4.0 / 5.0;
prompt.setLocation(x, y);
return prompt;
}
}