/** HG: measures time needed to check a pair of huge random graphs */
  @Test
  public void testHugeGraph() {
    int n = 700;
    long time = System.currentTimeMillis();

    DirectedGraph<Integer, DefaultEdge>
        g1 = SubgraphIsomorphismTestUtils.randomGraph(n, n * n / 50, 12345),
        g2 = SubgraphIsomorphismTestUtils.randomSubgraph(g1, n / 2, 54321);

    VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<Integer, DefaultEdge> vf2 =
        new VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<>(g1, g2);

    assertEquals(true, vf2.isomorphismExists());

    SubgraphIsomorphismTestUtils.showLog(
        "|V1| = "
            + g1.vertexSet().size()
            + ", |E1| = "
            + g1.edgeSet().size()
            + ", |V2| = "
            + g2.vertexSet().size()
            + ", |E2| = "
            + g2.edgeSet().size()
            + " - "
            + (System.currentTimeMillis() - time)
            + "ms");
  }
  /** RG-1: Tests if a all matchings are correct (on some random graphs). */
  @Test
  public void testRandomGraphs() {
    Random rnd = new Random();
    rnd.setSeed(54321);

    for (int i = 1; i < 50; i++) {
      int vertexCount = 2 + rnd.nextInt(i),
          edgeCount = vertexCount + rnd.nextInt(vertexCount * (vertexCount - 1)) / 2,
          subVertexCount = 1 + rnd.nextInt(vertexCount);

      DirectedGraph<Integer, DefaultEdge>
          g1 = SubgraphIsomorphismTestUtils.randomGraph(vertexCount, edgeCount, i),
          g2 = SubgraphIsomorphismTestUtils.randomSubgraph(g1, subVertexCount, i);

      VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<Integer, DefaultEdge> vf2 =
          new VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<>(g1, g2);

      SubgraphIsomorphismTestUtils.showLog(i + ": " + vertexCount + "v, " + edgeCount + "e ");

      for (Iterator<GraphMapping<Integer, DefaultEdge>> mappings = vf2.getMappings();
          mappings.hasNext(); ) {
        assertEquals(true, SubgraphIsomorphismTestUtils.isCorrectMatching(mappings.next(), g1, g2));
        SubgraphIsomorphismTestUtils.showLog(".");
      }
      SubgraphIsomorphismTestUtils.showLog("\n");
    }
  }
  /** SEM Tests the edge- and vertex-comparator */
  @Test
  public void testSemanticCheck() {

    /*
     *       a---<3>---b
     *       |         |
     * g1 = <4>       <1>   g2 = A---<6>---b---<5>---B
     *       |         |
     *       A---<2>---B
     */

    SimpleGraph<String, Integer> g1 = new SimpleGraph<>(Integer.class),
        g2 = new SimpleGraph<>(Integer.class);

    g1.addVertex("a");
    g1.addVertex("b");
    g1.addVertex("A");
    g1.addVertex("B");

    g1.addEdge("a", "b", 3);
    g1.addEdge("b", "B", 1);
    g1.addEdge("B", "A", 2);
    g1.addEdge("A", "a", 4);

    g2.addVertex("A");
    g2.addVertex("b");
    g2.addVertex("B");

    g2.addEdge("A", "b", 6);
    g2.addEdge("b", "B", 5);

    /* SEM-1
     * test vertex and edge comparator */

    VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<String, Integer> vf2 =
        new VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<>(g1, g2, new VertexComp(), new EdgeComp());

    Iterator<GraphMapping<String, Integer>> iter = vf2.getMappings();

    assertEquals("[A=A B=b a=~~ b=B]", iter.next().toString());
    assertEquals(false, iter.hasNext());

    /* SEM-2
     * test vertex comparator */

    VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<String, Integer> vf3 =
        new VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<>(
            g1, g2, new VertexComp(), new AlwaysEqualComparator<>());

    Iterator<GraphMapping<String, Integer>> iter2 = vf3.getMappings();

    Set<String> mappings = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList("[A=A B=b a=~~ b=B]", "[A=~~ B=B a=A b=b]"));
    assertEquals(true, mappings.remove(iter2.next().toString()));
    assertEquals(true, mappings.remove(iter2.next().toString()));
    assertEquals(false, iter2.hasNext());

    /* SEM-3
     * test edge comparator */

    VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<String, Integer> vf4 =
        new VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<>(
            g1, g2, new AlwaysEqualComparator<>(), new EdgeComp());

    Iterator<GraphMapping<String, Integer>> iter3 = vf4.getMappings();

    Set<String> mappings2 =
        new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList("[A=A B=b a=~~ b=B]", "[A=A B=~~ a=b b=B]"));
    assertEquals(true, mappings2.remove(iter3.next().toString()));
    assertEquals(true, mappings2.remove(iter3.next().toString()));
    assertEquals(false, iter3.hasNext());
  }
  /**
   * Tests graph types: In case of invalid graph types or invalid combination of graph arguments
   * UnsupportedOperationException or InvalidArgumentException is expected
   */
  @Test
  public void testGraphTypes() {

    DirectedGraph<Integer, DefaultEdge> dg1 = new DefaultDirectedGraph<>(DefaultEdge.class);

    dg1.addVertex(1);
    dg1.addVertex(2);

    dg1.addEdge(1, 2);

    SimpleGraph<Integer, DefaultEdge> sg1 = new SimpleGraph<>(DefaultEdge.class);

    sg1.addVertex(1);
    sg1.addVertex(2);

    sg1.addEdge(1, 2);

    Multigraph<Integer, DefaultEdge> mg1 = new Multigraph<>(DefaultEdge.class);

    mg1.addVertex(1);
    mg1.addVertex(2);

    mg1.addEdge(1, 2);

    Pseudograph<Integer, DefaultEdge> pg1 = new Pseudograph<>(DefaultEdge.class);

    pg1.addVertex(1);
    pg1.addVertex(2);

    pg1.addEdge(1, 2);

    /* GT-0 test graph=null */

    try {
      @SuppressWarnings("unused")
      VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<Integer, DefaultEdge> gt0 =
          new VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<>(null, sg1);
      Assert.fail("Expected UnsupportedOperationException");
    } catch (NullPointerException ex) {
    }

    /* GT-1: multigraphs */

    try {
      @SuppressWarnings("unused")
      VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<Integer, DefaultEdge> gt1 =
          new VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<>(mg1, mg1);
      Assert.fail("Expected UnsupportedOperationException");
    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException ex) {
    }

    /* GT-2: pseudographs */

    try {
      @SuppressWarnings("unused")
      VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<Integer, DefaultEdge> gt2 =
          new VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<>(pg1, pg1);
      Assert.fail("Expected UnsupportedOperationException");
    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException ex) {
    }

    /* GT-3: simple graphs */

    VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<Integer, DefaultEdge> gt3 =
        new VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<>(sg1, sg1);
    assertEquals(true, gt3.getMappings().hasNext());

    /* GT-4: directed graphs */

    VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<Integer, DefaultEdge> gt4 =
        new VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<>(dg1, dg1);
    assertEquals("[1=1 2=2]", gt4.getMappings().next().toString());

    /* GT-5: simple graph + multigraph */

    try {
      @SuppressWarnings("unused")
      VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<Integer, DefaultEdge> gt5 =
          new VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<>(sg1, mg1);
      Assert.fail("Expected UnsupportedOperationException");
    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException ex) {
    }

    /* GT-6: simple graph + pseudograph */

    try {
      @SuppressWarnings("unused")
      VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<Integer, DefaultEdge> gt6 =
          new VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<>(sg1, pg1);
      Assert.fail("Expected UnsupportedOperationException");
    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException ex) {
    }

    /* GT-7: directed graph + multigraph */

    try {
      @SuppressWarnings("unused")
      VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<Integer, DefaultEdge> gt7 =
          new VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<>(dg1, mg1);
      Assert.fail("Expected UnsupportedOperationException");
    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException ex) {
    }

    /* GT-8: directed graph + pseudograph */

    try {
      @SuppressWarnings("unused")
      VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<Integer, DefaultEdge> gt8 =
          new VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<>(dg1, pg1);
      Assert.fail("Expected UnsupportedOperationException");
    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException ex) {
    }

    /* GT-9: pseudograph + multigraph */

    try {
      @SuppressWarnings("unused")
      VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<Integer, DefaultEdge> gt9 =
          new VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<>(pg1, mg1);
      Assert.fail("Expected UnsupportedOperationException");
    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException ex) {
    }

    /* GT-10: simple graph + directed graph */

    try {
      @SuppressWarnings("unused")
      VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<Integer, DefaultEdge> gt10 =
          new VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<>(sg1, dg1);
      Assert.fail("Expected IllegalArgumentException");
    } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
    }
  }
  /** Tests edge cases on directed graphs */
  @Test
  public void testEdgeCasesDirectedGraph() {

    /* ECD-1: graph and subgraph empty */

    DirectedGraph<Integer, DefaultEdge> dg0v = new DefaultDirectedGraph<>(DefaultEdge.class),
        dg0v2 = new DefaultDirectedGraph<>(DefaultEdge.class);

    VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<Integer, DefaultEdge> vf1 =
        new VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<>(dg0v, dg0v2);

    assertEquals("[]", vf1.getMappings().next().toString());

    /* ECD-2: graph non-empty, subgraph empty */

    DirectedGraph<Integer, DefaultEdge> dg4v3e = new DefaultDirectedGraph<>(DefaultEdge.class);

    dg4v3e.addVertex(1);
    dg4v3e.addVertex(2);
    dg4v3e.addVertex(3);
    dg4v3e.addVertex(4);

    dg4v3e.addEdge(1, 2);
    dg4v3e.addEdge(3, 2);
    dg4v3e.addEdge(3, 4);

    VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<Integer, DefaultEdge> vf2 =
        new VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<>(dg4v3e, dg0v);

    assertEquals("[1=~~ 2=~~ 3=~~ 4=~~]", vf2.getMappings().next().toString());

    /* ECD-3: graph empty, subgraph non-empty */

    VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<Integer, DefaultEdge> vf3 =
        new VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<>(dg0v, dg4v3e);

    assertEquals(false, vf3.isomorphismExists());

    /* ECD-4: graph non-empty, subgraph single vertex */

    DirectedGraph<Integer, DefaultEdge> dg1v = new DefaultDirectedGraph<>(DefaultEdge.class);

    dg1v.addVertex(5);

    VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<Integer, DefaultEdge> vf4 =
        new VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<>(dg4v3e, dg1v);

    Iterator<GraphMapping<Integer, DefaultEdge>> iter4 = vf4.getMappings();

    Set<String> mappings =
        new HashSet<>(
            Arrays.asList(
                "[1=5 2=~~ 3=~~ 4=~~]",
                "[1=~~ 2=5 3=~~ 4=~~]",
                "[1=~~ 2=~~ 3=5 4=~~]",
                "[1=~~ 2=~~ 3=~~ 4=5]"));
    assertEquals(true, mappings.remove(iter4.next().toString()));
    assertEquals(true, mappings.remove(iter4.next().toString()));
    assertEquals(true, mappings.remove(iter4.next().toString()));
    assertEquals(true, mappings.remove(iter4.next().toString()));
    assertEquals(false, iter4.hasNext());

    /* ECD-5: graph empty, subgraph single vertex */

    VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<Integer, DefaultEdge> vf5 =
        new VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<>(dg0v, dg1v);

    assertEquals(false, vf5.isomorphismExists());

    /* ECD-6: subgraph with vertices, but no edges */

    DirectedGraph<Integer, DefaultEdge> dg3v0e = new DefaultDirectedGraph<>(DefaultEdge.class);

    dg3v0e.addVertex(5);
    dg3v0e.addVertex(6);
    dg3v0e.addVertex(7);

    VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<Integer, DefaultEdge> vf6 =
        new VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<>(dg4v3e, dg3v0e);

    assertEquals(false, vf6.isomorphismExists());

    /* ECD-7: graph and subgraph with vertices, but no edges */

    DirectedGraph<Integer, DefaultEdge> dg2v0e = new DefaultDirectedGraph<>(DefaultEdge.class);

    dg2v0e.addVertex(1);
    dg2v0e.addVertex(2);

    VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<Integer, DefaultEdge> vf7 =
        new VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<>(dg3v0e, dg2v0e);

    Iterator<GraphMapping<Integer, DefaultEdge>> iter7 = vf7.getMappings();

    Set<String> mappings7 =
        new HashSet<>(
            Arrays.asList(
                "[5=1 6=2 7=~~]",
                "[5=1 6=~~ 7=2]",
                "[5=2 6=1 7=~~]",
                "[5=~~ 6=1 7=2]",
                "[5=2 6=~~ 7=1]",
                "[5=~~ 6=2 7=1]"));
    assertEquals(true, mappings7.remove(iter7.next().toString()));
    assertEquals(true, mappings7.remove(iter7.next().toString()));
    assertEquals(true, mappings7.remove(iter7.next().toString()));
    assertEquals(true, mappings7.remove(iter7.next().toString()));
    assertEquals(true, mappings7.remove(iter7.next().toString()));
    assertEquals(true, mappings7.remove(iter7.next().toString()));
    assertEquals(false, iter7.hasNext());

    /* ECD-8: graph no edges, subgraph contains single edge */

    DirectedGraph<Integer, DefaultEdge> dg2v1e = new DefaultDirectedGraph<>(DefaultEdge.class);

    dg2v1e.addVertex(5);
    dg2v1e.addVertex(6);

    dg2v1e.addEdge(5, 6);

    VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<Integer, DefaultEdge> vf8 =
        new VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<>(dg3v0e, dg2v1e);

    assertEquals(false, vf8.isomorphismExists());

    /* ECD-9: complete graphs of different size,
     * graph smaller than subgraph */

    DirectedGraph<Integer, DefaultEdge> dg5c = new DefaultDirectedGraph<>(DefaultEdge.class);

    dg5c.addVertex(0);
    dg5c.addVertex(1);
    dg5c.addVertex(2);
    dg5c.addVertex(3);
    dg5c.addVertex(4);

    dg5c.addEdge(0, 1);
    dg5c.addEdge(0, 2);
    dg5c.addEdge(0, 3);
    dg5c.addEdge(0, 4);
    dg5c.addEdge(1, 2);
    dg5c.addEdge(1, 3);
    dg5c.addEdge(1, 4);
    dg5c.addEdge(2, 3);
    dg5c.addEdge(2, 4);
    dg5c.addEdge(3, 4);

    DirectedGraph<Integer, DefaultEdge> dg4c = new DefaultDirectedGraph<>(DefaultEdge.class);

    dg4c.addVertex(0);
    dg4c.addVertex(1);
    dg4c.addVertex(2);
    dg4c.addVertex(3);

    dg4c.addEdge(0, 1);
    dg4c.addEdge(0, 2);
    dg4c.addEdge(0, 3);
    dg4c.addEdge(1, 2);
    dg4c.addEdge(1, 3);
    dg4c.addEdge(2, 3);

    VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<Integer, DefaultEdge> vf9 =
        new VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<>(dg4c, dg5c);

    assertEquals(false, vf9.isomorphismExists());

    /* ECD-10: complete graphs of different size,
     * graph bigger than subgraph */

    VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<Integer, DefaultEdge> vf10 =
        new VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<>(dg5c, dg4c);

    Iterator<GraphMapping<Integer, DefaultEdge>> iter10 = vf10.getMappings();

    Set<String> mappings10 =
        new HashSet<>(
            Arrays.asList(
                "[0=0 1=1 2=2 3=3 4=~~]",
                "[0=0 1=1 2=2 3=~~ 4=3]",
                "[0=0 1=1 2=~~ 3=2 4=3]",
                "[0=0 1=~~ 2=1 3=2 4=3]",
                "[0=~~ 1=0 2=1 3=2 4=3]"));
    assertEquals(true, mappings10.remove(iter10.next().toString()));
    assertEquals(true, mappings10.remove(iter10.next().toString()));
    assertEquals(true, mappings10.remove(iter10.next().toString()));
    assertEquals(true, mappings10.remove(iter10.next().toString()));
    assertEquals(true, mappings10.remove(iter10.next().toString()));
    assertEquals(false, iter10.hasNext());

    /* ECD-11: isomorphic graphs */

    VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<Integer, DefaultEdge> vf11 =
        new VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<>(dg4v3e, dg4v3e);

    Iterator<GraphMapping<Integer, DefaultEdge>> iter11 = vf11.getMappings();

    assertEquals("[1=1 2=2 3=3 4=4]", iter11.next().toString());
    assertEquals(false, iter11.hasNext());

    /* ECD-12: not connected graphs of different size */

    DirectedGraph<Integer, DefaultEdge> dg6v4enc = new DefaultDirectedGraph<>(DefaultEdge.class);

    dg6v4enc.addVertex(0);
    dg6v4enc.addVertex(1);
    dg6v4enc.addVertex(2);
    dg6v4enc.addVertex(3);
    dg6v4enc.addVertex(4);
    dg6v4enc.addVertex(5);

    dg6v4enc.addEdge(1, 2);
    dg6v4enc.addEdge(2, 3);
    dg6v4enc.addEdge(3, 1);
    dg6v4enc.addEdge(4, 5);

    DirectedGraph<Integer, DefaultEdge> dg5v4enc = new DefaultDirectedGraph<>(DefaultEdge.class);

    dg5v4enc.addVertex(6);
    dg5v4enc.addVertex(7);
    dg5v4enc.addVertex(8);
    dg5v4enc.addVertex(9);
    dg5v4enc.addVertex(10);

    dg5v4enc.addEdge(7, 6);
    dg5v4enc.addEdge(9, 8);
    dg5v4enc.addEdge(10, 9);
    dg5v4enc.addEdge(8, 10);

    VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<Integer, DefaultEdge> vf12 =
        new VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<>(dg6v4enc, dg5v4enc);

    Iterator<GraphMapping<Integer, DefaultEdge>> iter12 = vf12.getMappings();

    Set<String> mappings12 =
        new HashSet<>(
            Arrays.asList(
                "[0=~~ 1=8 2=10 3=9 4=7 5=6]",
                "[0=~~ 1=9 2=8 3=10 4=7 5=6]",
                "[0=~~ 1=10 2=9 3=8 4=7 5=6]"));
    assertEquals(true, mappings12.remove(iter12.next().toString()));
    assertEquals(true, mappings12.remove(iter12.next().toString()));
    assertEquals(true, mappings12.remove(iter12.next().toString()));
    assertEquals(false, iter12.hasNext());
  }
  /** Tests edge cases on simple graphs */
  @Test
  public void testEdgeCasesSimpleGraph() {

    /* ECS-1: graph and subgraph empty */

    SimpleGraph<Integer, DefaultEdge> sg0v = new SimpleGraph<>(DefaultEdge.class),
        sg0v2 = new SimpleGraph<>(DefaultEdge.class);

    VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<Integer, DefaultEdge> vfs1 =
        new VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<>(sg0v, sg0v2);

    assertEquals("[]", vfs1.getMappings().next().toString());

    /* ECS-2: graph non-empty, subgraph empty */

    SimpleGraph<Integer, DefaultEdge> sg4v3e = new SimpleGraph<>(DefaultEdge.class);

    sg4v3e.addVertex(1);
    sg4v3e.addVertex(2);
    sg4v3e.addVertex(3);
    sg4v3e.addVertex(4);

    sg4v3e.addEdge(1, 2);
    sg4v3e.addEdge(3, 2);
    sg4v3e.addEdge(3, 4);

    VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<Integer, DefaultEdge> vfs2 =
        new VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<>(sg4v3e, sg0v);

    assertEquals("[1=~~ 2=~~ 3=~~ 4=~~]", vfs2.getMappings().next().toString());

    /* ECS-3: graph empty, subgraph non-empty */

    VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<Integer, DefaultEdge> vfs3 =
        new VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<>(sg0v, sg4v3e);

    assertEquals(false, vfs3.isomorphismExists());

    /* ECS-4: graph non-empty, subgraph single vertex */

    SimpleGraph<Integer, DefaultEdge> sg1v = new SimpleGraph<>(DefaultEdge.class);

    sg1v.addVertex(5);

    VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<Integer, DefaultEdge> vfs4 =
        new VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<>(sg4v3e, sg1v);

    Iterator<GraphMapping<Integer, DefaultEdge>> iter = vfs4.getMappings();

    Set<String> mappings =
        new HashSet<>(
            Arrays.asList(
                "[1=5 2=~~ 3=~~ 4=~~]",
                "[1=~~ 2=5 3=~~ 4=~~]",
                "[1=~~ 2=~~ 3=5 4=~~]",
                "[1=~~ 2=~~ 3=~~ 4=5]"));
    assertEquals(true, mappings.remove(iter.next().toString()));
    assertEquals(true, mappings.remove(iter.next().toString()));
    assertEquals(true, mappings.remove(iter.next().toString()));
    assertEquals(true, mappings.remove(iter.next().toString()));
    assertEquals(false, iter.hasNext());

    /* ECS-5: graph empty, subgraph single vertex */

    VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<Integer, DefaultEdge> vfs5 =
        new VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<>(sg0v, sg1v);

    assertEquals(false, vfs5.isomorphismExists());

    /* ECS-6: subgraph with vertices, but no edges */

    SimpleGraph<Integer, DefaultEdge> sg3v0e = new SimpleGraph<>(DefaultEdge.class);

    sg3v0e.addVertex(5);
    sg3v0e.addVertex(6);
    sg3v0e.addVertex(7);

    VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<Integer, DefaultEdge> vfs6 =
        new VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<>(sg4v3e, sg3v0e);

    assertEquals(false, vfs6.isomorphismExists());

    /* ECS-7: graph and subgraph with vertices, but no edges */

    SimpleGraph<Integer, DefaultEdge> sg2v0e = new SimpleGraph<>(DefaultEdge.class);

    sg2v0e.addVertex(1);
    sg2v0e.addVertex(2);

    VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<Integer, DefaultEdge> vfs7 =
        new VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<>(sg3v0e, sg2v0e);

    Iterator<GraphMapping<Integer, DefaultEdge>> iter7 = vfs7.getMappings();

    Set<String> mappings7 =
        new HashSet<>(
            Arrays.asList(
                "[5=1 6=2 7=~~]",
                "[5=1 6=~~ 7=2]",
                "[5=2 6=1 7=~~]",
                "[5=~~ 6=1 7=2]",
                "[5=2 6=~~ 7=1]",
                "[5=~~ 6=2 7=1]"));
    assertEquals(true, mappings7.remove(iter7.next().toString()));
    assertEquals(true, mappings7.remove(iter7.next().toString()));
    assertEquals(true, mappings7.remove(iter7.next().toString()));
    assertEquals(true, mappings7.remove(iter7.next().toString()));
    assertEquals(true, mappings7.remove(iter7.next().toString()));
    assertEquals(true, mappings7.remove(iter7.next().toString()));
    assertEquals(false, iter7.hasNext());

    /* ECS-8: graph no edges, subgraph contains single edge */

    SimpleGraph<Integer, DefaultEdge> sg2v1e = new SimpleGraph<>(DefaultEdge.class);

    sg2v1e.addVertex(5);
    sg2v1e.addVertex(6);

    sg2v1e.addEdge(5, 6);

    VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<Integer, DefaultEdge> vfs8 =
        new VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<>(sg3v0e, sg2v1e);

    assertEquals(false, vfs8.isomorphismExists());

    /* ECS-9: complete graphs of different size,
     * graph smaller than subgraph */

    SimpleGraph<Integer, DefaultEdge> sg5k = new SimpleGraph<>(DefaultEdge.class);

    sg5k.addVertex(0);
    sg5k.addVertex(1);
    sg5k.addVertex(2);
    sg5k.addVertex(3);
    sg5k.addVertex(4);

    sg5k.addEdge(0, 1);
    sg5k.addEdge(0, 2);
    sg5k.addEdge(0, 3);
    sg5k.addEdge(0, 4);
    sg5k.addEdge(1, 2);
    sg5k.addEdge(1, 3);
    sg5k.addEdge(1, 4);
    sg5k.addEdge(2, 3);
    sg5k.addEdge(2, 4);
    sg5k.addEdge(3, 4);

    SimpleGraph<Integer, DefaultEdge> sg4k = new SimpleGraph<>(DefaultEdge.class);

    sg4k.addVertex(0);
    sg4k.addVertex(1);
    sg4k.addVertex(2);
    sg4k.addVertex(3);

    sg4k.addEdge(0, 1);
    sg4k.addEdge(0, 2);
    sg4k.addEdge(0, 3);
    sg4k.addEdge(1, 2);
    sg4k.addEdge(1, 3);
    sg4k.addEdge(2, 3);

    SimpleGraph<Integer, DefaultEdge> sg3k = new SimpleGraph<>(DefaultEdge.class);

    sg3k.addVertex(0);
    sg3k.addVertex(1);
    sg3k.addVertex(2);

    sg3k.addEdge(0, 1);
    sg3k.addEdge(0, 2);
    sg3k.addEdge(1, 2);

    VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<Integer, DefaultEdge> vfs9 =
        new VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<>(sg4k, sg5k);

    assertEquals(false, vfs9.isomorphismExists());

    /* ECS-10: complete graphs of different size,
     * graph bigger than subgraph */

    VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<Integer, DefaultEdge> vfs10 =
        new VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<>(sg4k, sg3k);
    Iterator<GraphMapping<Integer, DefaultEdge>> iter10 = vfs10.getMappings();

    Set<String> mappings10 =
        new HashSet<>(
            Arrays.asList(
                "[0=0 1=1 2=2 3=~~]",
                "[0=0 1=1 2=~~ 3=2]",
                "[0=0 1=~~ 2=1 3=2]",
                "[0=~~ 1=0 2=1 3=2]",
                "[0=1 1=0 2=2 3=~~]",
                "[0=1 1=0 2=~~ 3=2]",
                "[0=1 1=~~ 2=0 3=2]",
                "[0=~~ 1=1 2=0 3=2]",
                "[0=2 1=1 2=0 3=~~]",
                "[0=2 1=1 2=~~ 3=0]",
                "[0=2 1=~~ 2=1 3=0]",
                "[0=~~ 1=2 2=1 3=0]",
                "[0=0 1=2 2=1 3=~~]",
                "[0=0 1=2 2=~~ 3=1]",
                "[0=0 1=~~ 2=2 3=1]",
                "[0=~~ 1=0 2=2 3=1]",
                "[0=1 1=2 2=0 3=~~]",
                "[0=1 1=2 2=~~ 3=0]",
                "[0=1 1=~~ 2=2 3=0]",
                "[0=~~ 1=1 2=2 3=0]",
                "[0=2 1=0 2=1 3=~~]",
                "[0=2 1=0 2=~~ 3=1]",
                "[0=2 1=~~ 2=0 3=1]",
                "[0=~~ 1=2 2=0 3=1]"));
    for (int i = 0; i < 24; i++) assertEquals(true, mappings10.remove(iter10.next().toString()));
    assertEquals(false, iter10.hasNext());

    /* ECS-11: isomorphic graphs */

    VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<Integer, DefaultEdge> vfs11 =
        new VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<>(sg4v3e, sg4v3e);

    Iterator<GraphMapping<Integer, DefaultEdge>> iter11 = vfs11.getMappings();

    Set<String> mappings11 = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList("[1=1 2=2 3=3 4=4]", "[1=4 2=3 3=2 4=1]"));
    assertEquals(true, mappings11.remove(iter11.next().toString()));
    assertEquals(true, mappings11.remove(iter11.next().toString()));
    assertEquals(false, iter11.hasNext());

    /* ECS-12: not connected graphs of different size */

    SimpleGraph<Integer, DefaultEdge> sg6v4enc = new SimpleGraph<>(DefaultEdge.class);

    sg6v4enc.addVertex(0);
    sg6v4enc.addVertex(1);
    sg6v4enc.addVertex(2);
    sg6v4enc.addVertex(3);
    sg6v4enc.addVertex(4);
    sg6v4enc.addVertex(5);

    sg6v4enc.addEdge(1, 2);
    sg6v4enc.addEdge(2, 3);
    sg6v4enc.addEdge(3, 1);
    sg6v4enc.addEdge(4, 5);

    SimpleGraph<Integer, DefaultEdge> sg5v4enc = new SimpleGraph<>(DefaultEdge.class);

    sg5v4enc.addVertex(6);
    sg5v4enc.addVertex(7);
    sg5v4enc.addVertex(8);
    sg5v4enc.addVertex(9);
    sg5v4enc.addVertex(10);

    sg5v4enc.addEdge(7, 6);
    sg5v4enc.addEdge(9, 8);
    sg5v4enc.addEdge(10, 9);
    sg5v4enc.addEdge(8, 10);

    VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<Integer, DefaultEdge> vfs12 =
        new VF2SubgraphIsomorphismInspector<>(sg6v4enc, sg5v4enc);

    Iterator<GraphMapping<Integer, DefaultEdge>> iter12 = vfs12.getMappings();

    Set<String> mappings12 =
        new HashSet<>(
            Arrays.asList(
                "[0=~~ 1=8 2=10 3=9 4=7 5=6]",
                "[0=~~ 1=9 2=8 3=10 4=7 5=6]",
                "[0=~~ 1=10 2=9 3=8 4=7 5=6]",
                "[0=~~ 1=8 2=10 3=9 4=6 5=7]",
                "[0=~~ 1=9 2=8 3=10 4=6 5=7]",
                "[0=~~ 1=10 2=9 3=8 4=6 5=7]",
                "[0=~~ 1=10 2=8 3=9 4=7 5=6]",
                "[0=~~ 1=8 2=9 3=10 4=7 5=6]",
                "[0=~~ 1=9 2=10 3=8 4=7 5=6]",
                "[0=~~ 1=10 2=8 3=9 4=6 5=7]",
                "[0=~~ 1=8 2=9 3=10 4=6 5=7]",
                "[0=~~ 1=9 2=10 3=8 4=6 5=7]"));
    for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++) assertEquals(true, mappings12.remove(iter12.next().toString()));
    assertEquals(false, iter12.hasNext());
  }