/**
* Get the resource list as a HTML directory listing.
*
* @param base The base URL
* @param parent True if the parent directory should be included
* @return String of HTML
*/
public String getListHTML(String base, boolean parent) throws IOException {
base = URIUtil.canonicalPath(base);
if (base == null || !isDirectory()) return null;
String[] ls = list();
if (ls == null) return null;
Arrays.sort(ls);
String decodedBase = URIUtil.decodePath(base);
String title = "Directory: " + deTag(decodedBase);
StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(4096);
buf.append("<HTML><HEAD>");
buf.append("<LINK HREF=\"")
.append("jetty-dir.css")
.append("\" REL=\"stylesheet\" TYPE=\"text/css\"/><TITLE>");
buf.append(title);
buf.append("</TITLE></HEAD><BODY>\n<H1>");
buf.append(title);
buf.append("</H1>\n<TABLE BORDER=0>\n");
if (parent) {
buf.append("<TR><TD><A HREF=\"");
buf.append(URIUtil.addPaths(base, "../"));
buf.append("\">Parent Directory</A></TD><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>\n");
}
String encodedBase = hrefEncodeURI(base);
DateFormat dfmt = DateFormat.getDateTimeInstance(DateFormat.MEDIUM, DateFormat.MEDIUM);
for (int i = 0; i < ls.length; i++) {
Resource item = addPath(ls[i]);
buf.append("\n<TR><TD><A HREF=\"");
String path = URIUtil.addPaths(encodedBase, URIUtil.encodePath(ls[i]));
buf.append(path);
if (item.isDirectory() && !path.endsWith("/")) buf.append(URIUtil.SLASH);
// URIUtil.encodePath(buf,path);
buf.append("\">");
buf.append(deTag(ls[i]));
buf.append(" ");
buf.append("</A></TD><TD ALIGN=right>");
buf.append(item.length());
buf.append(" bytes </TD><TD>");
buf.append(dfmt.format(new Date(item.lastModified())));
buf.append("</TD></TR>");
}
buf.append("</TABLE>\n");
buf.append("</BODY></HTML>\n");
return buf.toString();
}
@Override
public void sendRedirect(String location) throws IOException {
if (isIncluding()) return;
if (location == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException();
if (!URIUtil.hasScheme(location)) {
StringBuilder buf = _channel.getRequest().getRootURL();
if (location.startsWith("/")) buf.append(location);
else {
String path = _channel.getRequest().getRequestURI();
String parent = (path.endsWith("/")) ? path : URIUtil.parentPath(path);
location = URIUtil.addPaths(parent, location);
if (location == null) throw new IllegalStateException("path cannot be above root");
if (!location.startsWith("/")) buf.append('/');
buf.append(location);
}
location = buf.toString();
HttpURI uri = new HttpURI(location);
String path = uri.getDecodedPath();
String canonical = URIUtil.canonicalPath(path);
if (canonical == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException();
if (!canonical.equals(path)) {
buf = _channel.getRequest().getRootURL();
buf.append(URIUtil.encodePath(canonical));
String param = uri.getParam();
if (param != null) {
buf.append(';');
buf.append(param);
}
String query = uri.getQuery();
if (query != null) {
buf.append('?');
buf.append(query);
}
String fragment = uri.getFragment();
if (fragment != null) {
buf.append('#');
buf.append(fragment);
}
location = buf.toString();
}
}
resetBuffer();
setHeader(HttpHeader.LOCATION, location);
setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY);
complete();
}
@Override
public Set<String> getResourcePaths(String path) {
// Try to get regular resource paths
Set<String> paths = super.getResourcePaths(path);
// If no paths are returned check for virtual paths /WEB-INF/classes and /WEB-INF/lib
if (paths.isEmpty() && path != null) {
path = URIUtil.canonicalPath(path);
if (path.startsWith(WEB_INF_LIB_PREFIX)) {
paths = new TreeSet<String>();
for (String fileName : webInfJarMap.keySet()) {
// Return all jar files from class path
paths.add(WEB_INF_LIB_PREFIX + "/" + fileName);
}
} else if (path.startsWith(WEB_INF_CLASSES_PREFIX)) {
int i = 0;
while (paths.isEmpty() && (i < webInfClasses.size())) {
String newPath = path.replace(WEB_INF_CLASSES_PREFIX, webInfClasses.get(i).getPath());
paths = super.getResourcePaths(newPath);
i++;
}
}
}
return paths;
}
/* Handle a request from a connection.
* Called to handle a request on the connection when either the header has been received,
* or after the entire request has been received (for short requests of known length), or
* on the dispatch of an async request.
*/
public void handleAsync(AbstractHttpConnection connection) throws IOException, ServletException {
final AsyncContinuation async = connection.getRequest().getAsyncContinuation();
final AsyncContinuation.AsyncEventState state = async.getAsyncEventState();
final Request baseRequest = connection.getRequest();
final String path = state.getPath();
if (path != null) {
// this is a dispatch with a path
final String contextPath = state.getServletContext().getContextPath();
HttpURI uri = new HttpURI(URIUtil.addPaths(contextPath, path));
baseRequest.setUri(uri);
baseRequest.setRequestURI(null);
baseRequest.setPathInfo(baseRequest.getRequestURI());
if (uri.getQuery() != null) baseRequest.mergeQueryString(uri.getQuery());
}
final String target = baseRequest.getPathInfo();
final HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) async.getRequest();
final HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) async.getResponse();
if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
LOG.debug("REQUEST " + target + " on " + connection);
handle(target, baseRequest, request, response);
LOG.debug("RESPONSE " + target + " " + connection.getResponse().getStatus());
} else handle(target, baseRequest, request, response);
}
private void handleOpenArticle(
Request request, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, String target) throws Exception {
try {
int k1 = target.indexOf('/', 1);
int k2 = target.indexOf('/', k1 + 1);
String feedId = target.substring(k1 + 1, k2);
String strSeq = target.substring(k2 + 1);
int seq = Integer.parseInt(strSeq);
Article article = articleDb.get(feedId, seq);
LoginInfo loginInfo = userHelpers.getLoginInfo(request);
// ttt2 using the link from a non-authenticated browser causes a NPE; maybe do something
// better, e.g. sign up
ReadArticlesColl readArticlesColl = readArticlesCollDb.get(loginInfo.userId, feedId);
if (readArticlesColl == null) {
readArticlesColl = new ReadArticlesColl(loginInfo.userId, feedId);
}
if (!readArticlesColl.isRead(seq)) {
readArticlesColl.markRead(seq, Config.getConfig().maxSizeForReadArticles);
readArticlesCollDb.add(readArticlesColl);
}
String s =
URIUtil.encodePath(article.url)
.replace("%3F", "?")
.replace("%23", "#"); // ttt2 see how to do this right
httpServletResponse.sendRedirect(s);
} catch (Exception e) {
WebUtils.showResult(
String.format("Failed to get article for path %s. %s", target, e),
"/",
request,
httpServletResponse);
}
}
/* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
@Override
public void push() {
if (HttpMethod.POST.is(_method) || HttpMethod.PUT.is(_method))
throw new IllegalStateException("Bad Method " + _method);
if (_path == null || _path.length() == 0) throw new IllegalStateException("Bad Path " + _path);
String path = _path;
String query = _queryString;
int q = path.indexOf('?');
if (q >= 0) {
query =
(query != null && query.length() > 0)
? (_path.substring(q + 1) + '&' + query)
: _path.substring(q + 1);
path = _path.substring(0, q);
}
if (!path.startsWith("/")) path = URIUtil.addPaths(_request.getContextPath(), path);
String param = null;
if (_sessionId != null) {
if (_request.isRequestedSessionIdFromURL()) param = "jsessionid=" + _sessionId;
// TODO else
// _fields.add("Cookie","JSESSIONID="+_sessionId);
}
if (_conditional) {
if (_etag != null) _fields.add(HttpHeader.IF_NONE_MATCH, _etag);
else if (_lastModified != null) _fields.add(HttpHeader.IF_MODIFIED_SINCE, _lastModified);
}
HttpURI uri =
HttpURI.createHttpURI(
_request.getScheme(),
_request.getServerName(),
_request.getServerPort(),
_path,
param,
query,
null);
MetaData.Request push = new MetaData.Request(_method, uri, _request.getHttpVersion(), _fields);
if (LOG.isDebugEnabled())
LOG.debug(
"Push {} {} inm={} ims={}",
_method,
uri,
_fields.get(HttpHeader.IF_NONE_MATCH),
_fields.get(HttpHeader.IF_MODIFIED_SINCE));
_request.getHttpChannel().getHttpTransport().push(push);
_path = null;
_etag = null;
_lastModified = null;
}
@Override
public Resource getResource(String uriInContext) throws MalformedURLException {
Resource resource = null;
// Try to get regular resource
resource = super.getResource(uriInContext);
// If no regular resource exists check for access to /WEB-INF/lib or /WEB-INF/classes
if ((resource == null || !resource.exists()) && uriInContext != null && _classes != null) {
String uri = URIUtil.canonicalPath(uriInContext);
if (uri == null) return null;
try {
// Replace /WEB-INF/classes with candidates for the classpath
if (uri.startsWith(WEB_INF_CLASSES_PREFIX)) {
if (uri.equalsIgnoreCase(WEB_INF_CLASSES_PREFIX)
|| uri.equalsIgnoreCase(WEB_INF_CLASSES_PREFIX + "/")) {
// exact match for a WEB-INF/classes, so preferentially return the resource matching the
// web-inf classes
// rather than the test classes
if (_classes != null) return Resource.newResource(_classes);
else if (_testClasses != null) return Resource.newResource(_testClasses);
} else {
// try matching
Resource res = null;
int i = 0;
while (res == null && (i < _webInfClasses.size())) {
String newPath = uri.replace(WEB_INF_CLASSES_PREFIX, _webInfClasses.get(i).getPath());
res = Resource.newResource(newPath);
if (!res.exists()) {
res = null;
i++;
}
}
return res;
}
} else if (uri.startsWith(WEB_INF_LIB_PREFIX)) {
// Return the real jar file for all accesses to
// /WEB-INF/lib/*.jar
String jarName = uri.replace(WEB_INF_LIB_PREFIX, "");
if (jarName.startsWith("/") || jarName.startsWith("\\")) jarName = jarName.substring(1);
if (jarName.length() == 0) return null;
File jarFile = _webInfJarMap.get(jarName);
if (jarFile != null) return Resource.newResource(jarFile.getPath());
return null;
}
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
throw e;
} catch (IOException e) {
LOG.ignore(e);
}
}
return resource;
}
@Override
public Resource getResource(String uriInContext) throws MalformedURLException {
Resource resource = null;
// Try to get regular resource
// replacer.getAutoconfigTempDirectory().getAbsolutePath()
try {
resource = getAutoconfigResource(uriInContext);
if (resource == null) {
// resource = super.getResource(uriInContext);
resource = getResourceFromMavenOrSuper(uriInContext);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.warn("find autoconfig resource error! " + uriInContext, e);
}
// If no regular resource exists check for access to /WEB-INF/lib or /WEB-INF/classes
if ((resource == null || !resource.exists()) && uriInContext != null && webInfClasses != null) {
String uri = URIUtil.canonicalPath(uriInContext);
try {
// Replace /WEB-INF/classes with real classes directory
if (uri.startsWith(WEB_INF_CLASSES_PREFIX)) {
Resource res = null;
int i = 0;
while (res == null && (i < webInfClasses.size())) {
String newPath = uri.replace(WEB_INF_CLASSES_PREFIX, webInfClasses.get(i).getPath());
res = Resource.newResource(newPath);
if (!res.exists()) {
res = null;
i++;
}
}
return res;
}
// Return the real jar file for all accesses to
// /WEB-INF/lib/*.jar
else if (uri.startsWith(WEB_INF_LIB_PREFIX)) {
String jarName = uri.replace(WEB_INF_LIB_PREFIX, "");
if (jarName.startsWith("/") || jarName.startsWith("\\")) jarName = jarName.substring(1);
if (jarName.length() == 0) return null;
File jarFile = webInfJarMap.get(jarName);
if (jarFile != null) return Resource.newResource(jarFile.getPath());
return null;
}
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
throw e;
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.ignore(e);
}
}
return resource;
}
public String normalizePath(Path path) {
for (PathAttribute attr : attributes) {
if (attr.path == null) continue;
try {
if (path.startsWith(attr.path)
|| path.equals(attr.path)
|| Files.isSameFile(path, attr.path)) {
return URIUtil.addPaths("${" + attr.key + "}", attr.path.relativize(path).toString());
}
} catch (IOException ignore) {
LOG.ignore(ignore);
}
}
return path.toString();
}
/** @param url The url with a war scheme */
@Override
public URLConnection openConnection(URL url) throws IOException {
// remove the war scheme.
URL actual = new URL(url.toString().substring("war:".length()));
// let's do some basic tests: see if this is a folder or not.
// if it is a folder. we will try to support it.
if (actual.getProtocol().equals("file")) {
File file = new File(URIUtil.encodePath(actual.getPath()));
if (file.exists()) {
if (file.isDirectory()) {
// TODO (not mandatory for rfc66 though)
}
}
}
// if (actual.toString().startsWith("file:/") && ! actual.to)
URLConnection ori = (URLConnection) actual.openConnection();
ori.setDefaultUseCaches(Resource.getDefaultUseCaches());
JarURLConnection jarOri = null;
try {
if (ori instanceof JarURLConnection) {
jarOri = (JarURLConnection) ori;
} else {
jarOri = (JarURLConnection) new URL("jar:" + actual.toString() + "!/").openConnection();
jarOri.setDefaultUseCaches(Resource.getDefaultUseCaches());
}
Manifest mf =
WarBundleManifestGenerator.createBundleManifest(
jarOri.getManifest(), url, jarOri.getJarFile());
try {
jarOri.getJarFile().close();
jarOri = null;
} catch (Throwable t) {
}
return new WarURLConnection(actual, mf);
} finally {
if (jarOri != null)
try {
jarOri.getJarFile().close();
} catch (Throwable t) {
}
}
}
@Override
public boolean startRequest(
HttpMethod httpMethod, String method, ByteBuffer uri, HttpVersion version) {
_expect = false;
_expect100Continue = false;
_expect102Processing = false;
if (_request.getTimeStamp() == 0) _request.setTimeStamp(System.currentTimeMillis());
_request.setMethod(httpMethod, method);
if (httpMethod == HttpMethod.CONNECT)
_uri.parseConnect(uri.array(), uri.arrayOffset() + uri.position(), uri.remaining());
else _uri.parse(uri.array(), uri.arrayOffset() + uri.position(), uri.remaining());
_request.setUri(_uri);
String path;
try {
path = _uri.getDecodedPath();
} catch (Exception e) {
LOG.warn("Failed UTF-8 decode for request path, trying ISO-8859-1");
LOG.ignore(e);
path = _uri.getDecodedPath(StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1);
}
String info = URIUtil.canonicalPath(path);
if (info == null) {
if (path == null && _uri.getScheme() != null && _uri.getHost() != null) {
info = "/";
_request.setRequestURI("");
} else {
badMessage(400, null);
return true;
}
}
_request.setPathInfo(info);
_version = version == null ? HttpVersion.HTTP_0_9 : version;
_request.setHttpVersion(_version);
return false;
}
public void stop(String test, int count, int of) throws IOException {
System.err.println("Stop " + test + " " + count + " of " + of);
String stop =
"GET "
+ URIUtil.encodePath("/benchmark/stop/ " + test + " " + count + " of " + of)
+ " HTTP/1.1\r\n"
+ "Host: benchmarkControl:8080\r\n"
+ "Connection: close\r\n"
+ "\r\n";
SocketChannel control = SocketChannel.open(new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8080));
control.write(BufferUtil.toBuffer(stop));
while (control.isOpen()) {
BufferUtil.clear(responseBuf);
int pos = BufferUtil.flipToFill(responseBuf);
if (control.read(responseBuf) == -1) control.close();
BufferUtil.flipToFlush(responseBuf, pos);
}
for (int i = 0; i < client.length; i++)
if (client[i] != null && client[i].isOpen()) client[i].close();
client = null;
}
/**
* Create a canonical name for a webapp temp directory. The form of the name is: <code>
* "Jetty_"+host+"_"+port+"__"+resourceBase+"_"+context+"_"+virtualhost+base36_hashcode_of_whole_string
* </code> host and port uniquely identify the server context and virtual host uniquely identify
* the webapp
*
* @return the canonical name for the webapp temp directory
*/
public static String getCanonicalNameForWebAppTmpDir(WebAppContext context) {
StringBuffer canonicalName = new StringBuffer();
canonicalName.append("jetty-");
// get the host and the port from the first connector
Server server = context.getServer();
if (server != null) {
Connector[] connectors = context.getServer().getConnectors();
if (connectors.length > 0) {
// Get the host
String host = (connectors == null || connectors[0] == null ? "" : connectors[0].getHost());
if (host == null) host = "0.0.0.0";
canonicalName.append(host);
// Get the port
canonicalName.append("-");
// try getting the real port being listened on
int port = (connectors == null || connectors[0] == null ? 0 : connectors[0].getLocalPort());
// if not available (eg no connectors or connector not started),
// try getting one that was configured.
if (port < 0) port = connectors[0].getPort();
canonicalName.append(port);
canonicalName.append("-");
}
}
// Resource base
try {
Resource resource = context.getBaseResource();
if (resource == null) {
if (context.getWar() == null || context.getWar().length() == 0)
resource = context.newResource(context.getResourceBase());
// Set dir or WAR
resource = context.newResource(context.getWar());
}
String tmp = URIUtil.decodePath(resource.getURL().getPath());
if (tmp.endsWith("/")) tmp = tmp.substring(0, tmp.length() - 1);
if (tmp.endsWith("!")) tmp = tmp.substring(0, tmp.length() - 1);
// get just the last part which is the filename
int i = tmp.lastIndexOf("/");
canonicalName.append(tmp.substring(i + 1, tmp.length()));
canonicalName.append("-");
} catch (Exception e) {
LOG.warn("Can't generate resourceBase as part of webapp tmp dir name", e);
}
// Context name
String contextPath = context.getContextPath();
contextPath = contextPath.replace('/', '_');
contextPath = contextPath.replace('\\', '_');
canonicalName.append(contextPath);
// Virtual host (if there is one)
canonicalName.append("-");
String[] vhosts = context.getVirtualHosts();
if (vhosts == null || vhosts.length <= 0) canonicalName.append("any");
else canonicalName.append(vhosts[0]);
// sanitize
for (int i = 0; i < canonicalName.length(); i++) {
char c = canonicalName.charAt(i);
if (!Character.isJavaIdentifierPart(c) && "-.".indexOf(c) < 0)
canonicalName.setCharAt(i, '.');
}
canonicalName.append("-");
return canonicalName.toString();
}
/* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
protected void handleRequest() throws IOException {
boolean error = false;
String threadName = null;
try {
if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
Thread.currentThread().setName(threadName + " - " + _uri);
}
// Loop here to handle async request redispatches.
// The loop is controlled by the call to async.unhandle in the
// finally block below. If call is from a non-blocking connector,
// then the unhandle will return false only if an async dispatch has
// already happened when unhandle is called. For a blocking connector,
// the wait for the asynchronous dispatch or timeout actually happens
// within the call to unhandle().
final Server server = _server;
boolean handling = _request._async.handling() && server != null && server.isRunning();
while (handling) {
_request.setHandled(false);
String info = null;
try {
_uri.getPort();
info = URIUtil.canonicalPath(_uri.getDecodedPath());
if (info == null && !_request.getMethod().equals(HttpMethods.CONNECT))
throw new HttpException(400);
_request.setPathInfo(info);
if (_out != null) _out.reopen();
if (_request._async.isInitial()) {
_request.setDispatcherType(DispatcherType.REQUEST);
_connector.customize(_endp, _request);
server.handle(this);
} else {
_request.setDispatcherType(DispatcherType.ASYNC);
server.handleAsync(this);
}
} catch (ContinuationThrowable e) {
LOG.ignore(e);
} catch (EofException e) {
LOG.debug(e);
error = true;
_request.setHandled(true);
} catch (RuntimeIOException e) {
LOG.debug(e);
error = true;
_request.setHandled(true);
} catch (HttpException e) {
LOG.debug(e);
error = true;
_request.setHandled(true);
_response.sendError(e.getStatus(), e.getReason());
} catch (Throwable e) {
if (e instanceof ThreadDeath) throw (ThreadDeath) e;
LOG.warn(String.valueOf(_uri), e);
error = true;
_request.setHandled(true);
_generator.sendError(info == null ? 400 : 500, null, null, true);
} finally {
handling = !_request._async.unhandle() && server.isRunning() && _server != null;
}
}
} finally {
if (threadName != null) Thread.currentThread().setName(threadName);
if (_request._async.isUncompleted()) {
_request._async.doComplete();
if (_expect100Continue) {
LOG.debug("100 continues not sent");
// We didn't send 100 continues, but the latest interpretation
// of the spec (see httpbis) is that the client will either
// send the body anyway, or close. So we no longer need to
// do anything special here other than make the connection not persistent
_expect100Continue = false;
if (!_response.isCommitted()) _generator.setPersistent(false);
}
if (_endp.isOpen()) {
if (error) {
_endp.shutdownOutput();
_generator.setPersistent(false);
if (!_generator.isComplete()) _response.complete();
} else {
if (!_response.isCommitted() && !_request.isHandled())
_response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_FOUND);
_response.complete();
if (_generator.isPersistent()) _connector.persist(_endp);
}
} else {
_response.complete();
}
_request.setHandled(true);
}
}
}
@Override
public String encodeURL(String url) {
final Request request = _channel.getRequest();
SessionManager sessionManager = request.getSessionManager();
if (sessionManager == null) return url;
HttpURI uri = null;
if (sessionManager.isCheckingRemoteSessionIdEncoding() && URIUtil.hasScheme(url)) {
uri = new HttpURI(url);
String path = uri.getPath();
path = (path == null ? "" : path);
int port = uri.getPort();
if (port < 0) port = HttpScheme.HTTPS.asString().equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme()) ? 443 : 80;
if (!request.getServerName().equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getHost())
|| request.getServerPort() != port
|| !path.startsWith(
request
.getContextPath())) // TODO the root context path is "", with which every non null
// string starts
return url;
}
String sessionURLPrefix = sessionManager.getSessionIdPathParameterNamePrefix();
if (sessionURLPrefix == null) return url;
if (url == null) return null;
// should not encode if cookies in evidence
if (request.isRequestedSessionIdFromCookie()) {
int prefix = url.indexOf(sessionURLPrefix);
if (prefix != -1) {
int suffix = url.indexOf("?", prefix);
if (suffix < 0) suffix = url.indexOf("#", prefix);
if (suffix <= prefix) return url.substring(0, prefix);
return url.substring(0, prefix) + url.substring(suffix);
}
return url;
}
// get session;
HttpSession session = request.getSession(false);
// no session
if (session == null) return url;
// invalid session
if (!sessionManager.isValid(session)) return url;
String id = sessionManager.getNodeId(session);
if (uri == null) uri = new HttpURI(url);
// Already encoded
int prefix = url.indexOf(sessionURLPrefix);
if (prefix != -1) {
int suffix = url.indexOf("?", prefix);
if (suffix < 0) suffix = url.indexOf("#", prefix);
if (suffix <= prefix) return url.substring(0, prefix + sessionURLPrefix.length()) + id;
return url.substring(0, prefix + sessionURLPrefix.length()) + id + url.substring(suffix);
}
// edit the session
int suffix = url.indexOf('?');
if (suffix < 0) suffix = url.indexOf('#');
if (suffix < 0) {
return url
+ ((HttpScheme.HTTPS.is(uri.getScheme()) || HttpScheme.HTTP.is(uri.getScheme()))
&& uri.getPath() == null
? "/"
: "")
+ // if no path, insert the root path
sessionURLPrefix
+ id;
}
return url.substring(0, suffix)
+ ((HttpScheme.HTTPS.is(uri.getScheme()) || HttpScheme.HTTP.is(uri.getScheme()))
&& uri.getPath() == null
? "/"
: "")
+ // if no path so insert the root path
sessionURLPrefix
+ id
+ url.substring(suffix);
}