/*---- Assumes both HugeIntegers are positive and this > that -----------------*/
public HugeInteger subtract(HugeInteger that) {
if (this.compareTo(that) < 0) return that.subtract(this);
HugeInteger result = new HugeInteger(this.size());
int borrow = 0;
int difference;
int position = 0;
for (; position < that.size(); position++) {
difference = this.digitAt(position) - that.digitAt(position) - borrow;
if (difference < 0) {
difference += 10;
borrow = 1;
} else {
borrow = 0;
}
result.addDigit(difference);
DIGIT_OPERATIONS++;
}
for (; position < this.size(); position++) {
difference = this.digitAt(position) - borrow;
if (difference < 0) {
difference += 10;
borrow = 1;
} else {
borrow = 0;
}
result.addDigit(difference);
DIGIT_OPERATIONS++;
}
result.removeLeadingZeroes();
return result;
}
/*---- returns the sum of this and the provided HugeInteger -------------------*/
public HugeInteger add(HugeInteger that) {
this.removeLeadingZeroes();
that.removeLeadingZeroes();
HugeInteger result = new HugeInteger(max(this.size(), that.size()));
int carry = 0;
int position = 0;
int sum;
while (position < min(this.size(), that.size())) {
sum = this.digitAt(position) + that.digitAt(position) + carry;
if (sum >= 10) {
sum -= 10;
carry = 1;
} else {
carry = 0;
}
result.addDigit(sum);
position++;
DIGIT_OPERATIONS++;
}
if (this.size() > that.size()) {
while (position < this.size()) {
result.addDigit(this.digitAt(position) + carry);
carry = 0;
position++;
DIGIT_OPERATIONS++;
}
} else if (that.size() > this.size()) {
while (position < that.size()) {
result.addDigit(that.digitAt(position) + carry);
carry = 0;
position++;
DIGIT_OPERATIONS++;
}
}
if (carry == 1) {
result.addDigit(1);
}
return result;
}
/*---- using Karatsuba Ofman fast algorithm -----------------------------------*/
public HugeInteger fastMultiply(HugeInteger that) {
// this.removeLeadingZeroes();
// that.removeLeadingZeroes();
if (this.size() <= 5 || that.size() <= 5) return this.multiply(that);
// create zero-filled HugeInteger
int resultSize = this.size() + that.size();
ArrayList<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>(Collections.nCopies(resultSize, 0));
HugeInteger result = new HugeInteger(list);
int midPoint = (min(this.size(), that.size())) / 2;
HugeInteger a = this.upperCopy(midPoint);
HugeInteger b = this.lowerCopy(midPoint);
HugeInteger c = that.upperCopy(midPoint);
HugeInteger d = that.lowerCopy(midPoint);
System.out.println(a + "|" + b + " * " + c + "|" + d);
HugeInteger low = b.fastMultiply(d);
System.out.printf("b*d: %42s\n", low.toString());
HugeInteger high = a.fastMultiply(c);
System.out.printf("a*c: %42s\n", high.toString());
HugeInteger mid = a.add(b);
mid = mid.fastMultiply(c.add(d));
System.out.printf("a+b: %42s\n", a.add(b).toString());
System.out.printf("c+d: %42s\n", c.add(d).toString());
System.out.printf("a+b*c+d: %38s\n", mid);
mid = mid.subtract(high);
mid = mid.subtract(low);
System.out.printf("preshift: %37s\n\n", mid.toString());
System.out.printf("mid: %42s\n", mid.shift(midPoint).toString());
System.out.printf("hi : %42s\n", high.shift(2 * midPoint).toString());
System.out.printf("low: %42s\n", low.toString());
high = high.shift(2 * midPoint);
// System.out.println("\n\n"+mid);
mid = mid.shift(midPoint);
// System.out.println("\n\n"+mid);
result = result.add(low);
result = result.add(mid);
result = result.add(high);
result.removeLeadingZeroes();
System.out.printf("total: %40s\n\n", result.toString());
return result;
}
/*---- multiplies this and the specified HugeInteger using "school" algorithm -*/
public HugeInteger multiply(HugeInteger that) {
// create zero-filled HugeInteger
int resultSize = this.size() + that.size();
ArrayList<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>(Collections.nCopies(resultSize, 0));
HugeInteger result = new HugeInteger(list);
int carry = 0;
int m;
for (int i = 0; i < that.size(); i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < this.size(); j++) {
m = this.digitAt(j) * that.digitAt(i);
m = m + carry + result.digitAt(i + j);
result.setDigit(i + j, m % 10);
carry = m / 10;
DIGIT_OPERATIONS += 3; // three digit operations: two add, one multiply
}
if (carry > 0) {
result.setDigit(i + this.size(), result.digitAt(i + this.size()) + carry);
carry = 0;
}
}
result.removeLeadingZeroes();
return result;
}