/**
   * Build the SVD model.
   *
   * @return A singular value decomposition recommender model.
   */
  @Override
  public SVDModel get() {
    // Create index mappings of user and item IDs.
    // You can use these to find row and columns in the matrix based on user/item IDs.
    IdIndexMapping userMapping = IdIndexMapping.create(userDAO.getUserIds());
    logger.debug("indexed {} users", userMapping.size());
    IdIndexMapping itemMapping = IdIndexMapping.create(itemDAO.getItemIds());
    logger.debug("indexed {} items", itemMapping.size());

    // We have to do 2 things:
    // First, prepare a matrix containing the rating data.
    RealMatrix matrix = createRatingMatrix(userMapping, itemMapping);

    // Second, compute its factorization
    // All the work is done in the constructor
    SingularValueDecomposition svd = new SingularValueDecomposition(matrix);

    // Third, truncate the decomposed matrix
    // TODO Truncate the matrices and construct the SVD model
    RealMatrix userMatrix = svd.getU();
    RealMatrix weights = svd.getS();
    RealMatrix itemMatrix = svd.getV();

    userMatrix = userMatrix.getSubMatrix(0, userMatrix.getRowDimension() - 1, 0, featureCount - 1);
    weights = weights.getSubMatrix(0, featureCount - 1, 0, featureCount - 1);
    itemMatrix = itemMatrix.getSubMatrix(0, itemMatrix.getRowDimension() - 1, 0, featureCount - 1);

    return new SVDModel(userMapping, itemMapping, userMatrix, itemMatrix, weights);
  }
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  public static RealMatrix stochasticSubmatrix(RealMatrix data, int batch_size, Random rng) {
    // assume all data has the size number_samples by number_features
    int num_samples = data.getRowDimension();
    int num_features = data.getColumnDimension();
    int batch_num = num_samples / batch_size + 1;

    // randomly generate a batch index
    int batch_index = rng.nextInt(batch_num);
    List<Integer> rowIndex_tmp = new ArrayList<Integer>();

    for (int i = 0; i < batch_size; i++) {
      if (batch_size * batch_index + i >= num_samples) {
        break;
      } else {
        rowIndex_tmp.add(batch_size * batch_index + i);
      }
    }
    int[] rowIndex = TypeConvert.ArrayTointv(rowIndex_tmp);

    // System.out.println(rowIndex_tmp);
    int[] columnIndex = new int[num_features];
    for (int j = 0; j < num_features; j++) {
      columnIndex[j] = j;
    }

    // System.out.println(batch_index);

    // return null;
    return data.getSubMatrix(rowIndex, columnIndex);
  }