/**
* {@inheritDoc}
*
* <p><strong>Algorithm Description</strong>: if the lower bound is excluded, scales the output of
* Random.nextDouble(), but rejects 0 values (i.e., will generate another random double if
* Random.nextDouble() returns 0). This is necessary to provide a symmetric output interval (both
* endpoints excluded).
*
* @throws NumberIsTooLargeException if {@code lower >= upper}
* @throws NotFiniteNumberException if one of the bounds is infinite
* @throws NotANumberException if one of the bounds is NaN
*/
public double nextUniform(double lower, double upper, boolean lowerInclusive)
throws NumberIsTooLargeException, NotFiniteNumberException, NotANumberException {
if (lower >= upper) {
throw new NumberIsTooLargeException(
LocalizedFormats.LOWER_BOUND_NOT_BELOW_UPPER_BOUND, lower, upper, false);
}
if (Double.isInfinite(lower)) {
throw new NotFiniteNumberException(LocalizedFormats.INFINITE_BOUND, lower);
}
if (Double.isInfinite(upper)) {
throw new NotFiniteNumberException(LocalizedFormats.INFINITE_BOUND, upper);
}
if (Double.isNaN(lower) || Double.isNaN(upper)) {
throw new NotANumberException();
}
final RandomGenerator generator = getRandomGenerator();
// ensure nextDouble() isn't 0.0
double u = generator.nextDouble();
while (!lowerInclusive && u <= 0.0) {
u = generator.nextDouble();
}
return u * upper + (1.0 - u) * lower;
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
*
* <p><strong>Algorithm Description:</strong> hex strings are generated using a 2-step process.
*
* <ol>
* <li>{@code len / 2 + 1} binary bytes are generated using the underlying Random
* <li>Each binary byte is translated into 2 hex digits
* </ol>
*
* @param len the desired string length.
* @return the random string.
* @throws NotStrictlyPositiveException if {@code len <= 0}.
*/
public String nextHexString(int len) throws NotStrictlyPositiveException {
if (len <= 0) {
throw new NotStrictlyPositiveException(LocalizedFormats.LENGTH, len);
}
// Get a random number generator
RandomGenerator ran = getRandomGenerator();
// Initialize output buffer
StringBuilder outBuffer = new StringBuilder();
// Get int(len/2)+1 random bytes
byte[] randomBytes = new byte[(len / 2) + 1];
ran.nextBytes(randomBytes);
// Convert each byte to 2 hex digits
for (int i = 0; i < randomBytes.length; i++) {
Integer c = Integer.valueOf(randomBytes[i]);
/*
* Add 128 to byte value to make interval 0-255 before doing hex
* conversion. This guarantees <= 2 hex digits from toHexString()
* toHexString would otherwise add 2^32 to negative arguments.
*/
String hex = Integer.toHexString(c.intValue() + 128);
// Make sure we add 2 hex digits for each byte
if (hex.length() == 1) {
hex = "0" + hex;
}
outBuffer.append(hex);
}
return outBuffer.toString().substring(0, len);
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
*
* <p><strong>Algorithm Description:</strong> hex strings are generated in 40-byte segments using
* a 3-step process.
*
* <ol>
* <li>20 random bytes are generated using the underlying <code>SecureRandom</code>.
* <li>SHA-1 hash is applied to yield a 20-byte binary digest.
* <li>Each byte of the binary digest is converted to 2 hex digits.
* </ol>
*
* @throws NotStrictlyPositiveException if {@code len <= 0}
*/
public String nextSecureHexString(int len) throws NotStrictlyPositiveException {
if (len <= 0) {
throw new NotStrictlyPositiveException(LocalizedFormats.LENGTH, len);
}
// Get SecureRandom and setup Digest provider
final RandomGenerator secRan = getSecRan();
MessageDigest alg = null;
try {
alg = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1");
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException ex) {
// this should never happen
throw new MathInternalError(ex);
}
alg.reset();
// Compute number of iterations required (40 bytes each)
int numIter = (len / 40) + 1;
StringBuilder outBuffer = new StringBuilder();
for (int iter = 1; iter < numIter + 1; iter++) {
byte[] randomBytes = new byte[40];
secRan.nextBytes(randomBytes);
alg.update(randomBytes);
// Compute hash -- will create 20-byte binary hash
byte[] hash = alg.digest();
// Loop over the hash, converting each byte to 2 hex digits
for (int i = 0; i < hash.length; i++) {
Integer c = Integer.valueOf(hash[i]);
/*
* Add 128 to byte value to make interval 0-255 This guarantees
* <= 2 hex digits from toHexString() toHexString would
* otherwise add 2^32 to negative arguments
*/
String hex = Integer.toHexString(c.intValue() + 128);
// Keep strings uniform length -- guarantees 40 bytes
if (hex.length() == 1) {
hex = "0" + hex;
}
outBuffer.append(hex);
}
}
return outBuffer.toString().substring(0, len);
}
/**
* Returns the SecureRandom used to generate secure random data.
*
* <p>Creates and initializes if null. Uses {@code System.currentTimeMillis() +
* System.identityHashCode(this)} as the default seed.
*
* @return the SecureRandom used to generate secure random data, wrapped in a {@link
* RandomGenerator}.
*/
private RandomGenerator getSecRan() {
if (secRand == null) {
secRand = RandomGeneratorFactory.createRandomGenerator(new SecureRandom());
secRand.setSeed(System.currentTimeMillis() + System.identityHashCode(this));
}
return secRand;
}
/** {@inheritDoc} */
public long nextSecureLong(final long lower, final long upper) throws NumberIsTooLargeException {
if (lower >= upper) {
throw new NumberIsTooLargeException(
LocalizedFormats.LOWER_BOUND_NOT_BELOW_UPPER_BOUND, lower, upper, false);
}
final RandomGenerator rng = getSecRan();
final long max = (upper - lower) + 1;
if (max <= 0) {
// the range is too wide to fit in a positive long (larger than 2^63); as it covers
// more than half the long range, we use directly a simple rejection method
while (true) {
final long r = rng.nextLong();
if (r >= lower && r <= upper) {
return r;
}
}
} else if (max < Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
// we can shift the range and generate directly a positive int
return lower + rng.nextInt((int) max);
} else {
// we can shift the range and generate directly a positive long
return lower + nextLong(rng, max);
}
}
/**
* Returns a pseudorandom, uniformly distributed {@code long} value between 0 (inclusive) and the
* specified value (exclusive), drawn from this random number generator's sequence.
*
* @param rng random generator to use
* @param n the bound on the random number to be returned. Must be positive.
* @return a pseudorandom, uniformly distributed {@code long} value between 0 (inclusive) and n
* (exclusive).
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if n is not positive.
*/
private static long nextLong(final RandomGenerator rng, final long n)
throws IllegalArgumentException {
if (n > 0) {
final byte[] byteArray = new byte[8];
long bits;
long val;
do {
rng.nextBytes(byteArray);
bits = 0;
for (final byte b : byteArray) {
bits = (bits << 8) | (((long) b) & 0xffL);
}
bits &= 0x7fffffffffffffffL;
val = bits % n;
} while (bits - val + (n - 1) < 0);
return val;
}
throw new NotStrictlyPositiveException(n);
}