public static void initDebugging(ServletContext webapp) {
    if (isDebugInit) return;
    isDebugInit = true;

    String debugOn = webapp.getInitParameter("DebugOn");
    if (debugOn != null) {
      StringTokenizer toker = new StringTokenizer(debugOn);
      while (toker.hasMoreTokens()) Debug.set(toker.nextToken(), true);
    }
  }
  public static boolean saveFile(
      HttpServlet servlet,
      String contentPath,
      String path,
      HttpServletRequest req,
      HttpServletResponse res) {

    // @todo Need to use logServerAccess() below here.
    boolean debugRequest = Debug.isSet("SaveFile");
    if (debugRequest) log.debug(" saveFile(): path= " + path);

    String filename = contentPath + path; // absolute path
    File want = new File(filename);

    // backup current version if it exists
    int version = getBackupVersion(want.getParent(), want.getName());
    String fileSave = filename + "~" + version;
    File file = new File(filename);
    if (file.exists()) {
      try {
        IO.copyFile(filename, fileSave);
      } catch (IOException e) {
        log.error(
            "saveFile(): Unable to save copy of file "
                + filename
                + " to "
                + fileSave
                + "\n"
                + e.getMessage());
        return false;
      }
    }

    // save new file
    try {
      OutputStream out = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(filename));
      IO.copy(req.getInputStream(), out);
      out.close();
      if (debugRequest) log.debug("saveFile(): ok= " + filename);
      res.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_CREATED);
      log.info(UsageLog.closingMessageForRequestContext(HttpServletResponse.SC_CREATED, -1));
      return true;
    } catch (IOException e) {
      log.error(
          "saveFile(): Unable to PUT file " + filename + " to " + fileSave + "\n" + e.getMessage());
      return false;
    }
  }
  /**
   * ************************************************************************ Sends an error to the
   * client.
   *
   * @param t The exception that caused the problem.
   * @param res The <code>HttpServletResponse</code> for the client.
   */
  public static void handleException(Throwable t, HttpServletResponse res) {
    try {
      String message = t.getMessage();
      if (message == null) message = "NULL message " + t.getClass().getName();
      if (Debug.isSet("trustedMode")) { // security issue: only show stack if trusted
        ByteArrayOutputStream bs = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        PrintStream ps = new PrintStream(bs);
        t.printStackTrace(ps);
        message = new String(bs.toByteArray());
      }
      log.info(
          UsageLog.closingMessageForRequestContext(
              HttpServletResponse.SC_BAD_REQUEST, message.length()));
      log.error("handleException", t);
      t.printStackTrace(); // debugging - log.error not showing stack trace !!
      if (!res.isCommitted()) res.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_BAD_REQUEST, message);

    } catch (Throwable e) {
      log.error("handleException() had problem reporting Exception", e);
      t.printStackTrace();
    }
  }
  /**
   * Write a file to the response stream. Handles Range requests.
   *
   * @param req request
   * @param res response
   * @param file must exists and not be a directory
   * @param contentType must not be null
   * @throws IOException or error
   */
  public static void returnFile(
      HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res, File file, String contentType)
      throws IOException {
    res.setContentType(contentType);

    // see if its a Range Request
    boolean isRangeRequest = false;
    long startPos = 0, endPos = Long.MAX_VALUE;
    String rangeRequest = req.getHeader("Range");
    if (rangeRequest != null) { // bytes=12-34 or bytes=12-
      int pos = rangeRequest.indexOf("=");
      if (pos > 0) {
        int pos2 = rangeRequest.indexOf("-");
        if (pos2 > 0) {
          String startString = rangeRequest.substring(pos + 1, pos2);
          String endString = rangeRequest.substring(pos2 + 1);
          startPos = Long.parseLong(startString);
          if (endString.length() > 0) endPos = Long.parseLong(endString) + 1;
          isRangeRequest = true;
        }
      }
    }

    // set content length
    long fileSize = file.length();
    long contentLength = fileSize;
    if (isRangeRequest) {
      endPos = Math.min(endPos, fileSize);
      contentLength = endPos - startPos;
    }

    if (contentLength > Integer.MAX_VALUE)
      res.addHeader(
          "Content-Length", Long.toString(contentLength)); // allow content length > MAX_INT
    else res.setContentLength((int) contentLength); // note HEAD only allows this

    String filename = file.getPath();
    boolean debugRequest = Debug.isSet("returnFile");
    if (debugRequest)
      log.debug(
          "returnFile(): filename = "
              + filename
              + " contentType = "
              + contentType
              + " contentLength = "
              + contentLength);

    // indicate we allow Range Requests
    res.addHeader("Accept-Ranges", "bytes");

    if (req.getMethod().equals("HEAD")) {
      log.info(
          "returnFile(): "
              + UsageLog.closingMessageForRequestContext(HttpServletResponse.SC_OK, 0));
      return;
    }

    try {

      if (isRangeRequest) {
        // set before content is sent
        res.addHeader("Content-Range", "bytes " + startPos + "-" + (endPos - 1) + "/" + fileSize);
        res.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_PARTIAL_CONTENT);

        FileCacheRaf.Raf craf = null;
        try {
          craf = fileCacheRaf.acquire(filename);
          IO.copyRafB(
              craf.getRaf(), startPos, contentLength, res.getOutputStream(), new byte[60000]);
          log.info(
              "returnFile(): "
                  + UsageLog.closingMessageForRequestContext(
                      HttpServletResponse.SC_PARTIAL_CONTENT, contentLength));
          return;
        } finally {
          if (craf != null) fileCacheRaf.release(craf);
        }
      }

      // Return the file
      ServletOutputStream out = res.getOutputStream();
      IO.copyFileB(file, out, 60000);
      res.flushBuffer();
      out.close();
      if (debugRequest) log.debug("returnFile(): returnFile ok = " + filename);
      log.info(
          "returnFile(): "
              + UsageLog.closingMessageForRequestContext(HttpServletResponse.SC_OK, contentLength));
    }

    // @todo Split up this exception handling: those from file access vs those from dealing with
    // response
    //       File access: catch and res.sendError()
    //       response: don't catch (let bubble up out of doGet() etc)
    catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
      log.error("returnFile(): FileNotFoundException= " + filename);
      log.info(
          "returnFile(): "
              + UsageLog.closingMessageForRequestContext(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_FOUND, 0));
      if (!res.isCommitted()) res.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_FOUND);
    } catch (java.net.SocketException e) {
      log.info("returnFile(): SocketException sending file: " + filename + " " + e.getMessage());
      log.info("returnFile(): " + UsageLog.closingMessageForRequestContext(STATUS_CLIENT_ABORT, 0));
    } catch (IOException e) {
      String eName =
          e.getClass().getName(); // dont want compile time dependency on ClientAbortException
      if (eName.equals("org.apache.catalina.connector.ClientAbortException")) {
        log.info(
            "returnFile(): ClientAbortException while sending file: "
                + filename
                + " "
                + e.getMessage());
        log.info(
            "returnFile(): " + UsageLog.closingMessageForRequestContext(STATUS_CLIENT_ABORT, 0));
        return;
      }

      log.error("returnFile(): IOException (" + e.getClass().getName() + ") sending file ", e);
      log.error(
          "returnFile(): "
              + UsageLog.closingMessageForRequestContext(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_FOUND, 0));
      if (!res.isCommitted())
        res.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_FOUND, "Problem sending file: " + e.getMessage());
    }
  }