Histogram<Integer> getMeanQualityHistogram() {
      final String label = useOriginalQualities ? "MEAN_ORIGINAL_QUALITY" : "MEAN_QUALITY";
      final Histogram<Integer> meanQualities = new Histogram<>("CYCLE", label);

      int firstReadLength = 0;

      for (int cycle = 0; cycle < firstReadTotalsByCycle.length; ++cycle) {
        if (firstReadTotalsByCycle[cycle] > 0) {
          meanQualities.increment(
              cycle, firstReadTotalsByCycle[cycle] / firstReadCountsByCycle[cycle]);
          firstReadLength = cycle;
        }
      }

      for (int i = 0; i < secondReadTotalsByCycle.length; ++i) {
        if (secondReadCountsByCycle[i] > 0) {
          final int cycle = firstReadLength + i;
          meanQualities.increment(cycle, secondReadTotalsByCycle[i] / secondReadCountsByCycle[i]);
        }
      }

      return meanQualities;
    }
  /**
   * Calculates a histogram using the estimateRoi method to estimate the effective yield doing x
   * sequencing for x=1..10.
   */
  public Histogram<Double> calculateRoiHistogram() {
    if (ESTIMATED_LIBRARY_SIZE == null) {
      try {
        calculateDerivedMetrics();
        if (ESTIMATED_LIBRARY_SIZE == null) return null;
      } catch (IllegalStateException ise) {
        return null;
      }
    }

    long uniquePairs = READ_PAIRS_EXAMINED - READ_PAIR_DUPLICATES;
    Histogram<Double> histo = new Histogram<Double>();

    for (double x = 1; x <= 100; x += 1) {
      histo.increment(x, estimateRoi(ESTIMATED_LIBRARY_SIZE, x, READ_PAIRS_EXAMINED, uniquePairs));
    }

    return histo;
  }
  @Override
  protected int doWork() {
    IOUtil.assertFileIsReadable(INPUT);
    IOUtil.assertFileIsWritable(OUTPUT);
    IOUtil.assertFileIsReadable(REFERENCE_SEQUENCE);

    // Setup all the inputs
    final ProgressLogger progress = new ProgressLogger(log, 10000000, "Processed", "loci");
    final ReferenceSequenceFileWalker refWalker =
        new ReferenceSequenceFileWalker(REFERENCE_SEQUENCE);
    final SamReader in =
        SamReaderFactory.makeDefault().referenceSequence(REFERENCE_SEQUENCE).open(INPUT);
    final SamLocusIterator iterator = getLocusIterator(in);

    final List<SamRecordFilter> filters = new ArrayList<SamRecordFilter>();
    final CountingFilter dupeFilter = new CountingDuplicateFilter();
    final CountingFilter mapqFilter = new CountingMapQFilter(MINIMUM_MAPPING_QUALITY);
    final CountingPairedFilter pairFilter = new CountingPairedFilter();
    filters.add(mapqFilter);
    filters.add(dupeFilter);
    if (!COUNT_UNPAIRED) {
      filters.add(pairFilter);
    }
    filters.add(
        new SecondaryAlignmentFilter()); // Not a counting filter because we never want to count
                                         // reads twice
    iterator.setSamFilters(filters);
    iterator.setEmitUncoveredLoci(true);
    iterator.setMappingQualityScoreCutoff(0); // Handled separately because we want to count bases
    iterator.setQualityScoreCutoff(0); // Handled separately because we want to count bases
    iterator.setIncludeNonPfReads(false);

    final int max = COVERAGE_CAP;
    final long[] HistogramArray = new long[max + 1];
    final long[] baseQHistogramArray = new long[Byte.MAX_VALUE];
    final boolean usingStopAfter = STOP_AFTER > 0;
    final long stopAfter = STOP_AFTER - 1;
    long counter = 0;

    long basesExcludedByBaseq = 0;
    long basesExcludedByOverlap = 0;
    long basesExcludedByCapping = 0;

    // Loop through all the loci
    while (iterator.hasNext()) {
      final SamLocusIterator.LocusInfo info = iterator.next();

      // Check that the reference is not N
      final ReferenceSequence ref = refWalker.get(info.getSequenceIndex());
      final byte base = ref.getBases()[info.getPosition() - 1];
      if (base == 'N') continue;

      // Figure out the coverage while not counting overlapping reads twice, and excluding various
      // things
      final HashSet<String> readNames = new HashSet<String>(info.getRecordAndPositions().size());
      int pileupSize = 0;
      for (final SamLocusIterator.RecordAndOffset recs : info.getRecordAndPositions()) {

        if (recs.getBaseQuality() < MINIMUM_BASE_QUALITY) {
          ++basesExcludedByBaseq;
          continue;
        }
        if (!readNames.add(recs.getRecord().getReadName())) {
          ++basesExcludedByOverlap;
          continue;
        }
        pileupSize++;
        if (pileupSize <= max) {
          baseQHistogramArray[recs.getRecord().getBaseQualities()[recs.getOffset()]]++;
        }
      }

      final int depth = Math.min(readNames.size(), max);
      if (depth < readNames.size()) basesExcludedByCapping += readNames.size() - max;
      HistogramArray[depth]++;

      // Record progress and perhaps stop
      progress.record(info.getSequenceName(), info.getPosition());
      if (usingStopAfter && ++counter > stopAfter) break;
    }

    // Construct and write the outputs
    final Histogram<Integer> histo = new Histogram<Integer>("coverage", "count");
    for (int i = 0; i < HistogramArray.length; ++i) {
      histo.increment(i, HistogramArray[i]);
    }

    // Construct and write the outputs
    final Histogram<Integer> baseQHisto = new Histogram<Integer>("value", "baseq_count");
    for (int i = 0; i < baseQHistogramArray.length; ++i) {
      baseQHisto.increment(i, baseQHistogramArray[i]);
    }

    final WgsMetrics metrics = generateWgsMetrics();
    metrics.GENOME_TERRITORY = (long) histo.getSumOfValues();
    metrics.MEAN_COVERAGE = histo.getMean();
    metrics.SD_COVERAGE = histo.getStandardDeviation();
    metrics.MEDIAN_COVERAGE = histo.getMedian();
    metrics.MAD_COVERAGE = histo.getMedianAbsoluteDeviation();

    final long basesExcludedByDupes = getBasesExcludedBy(dupeFilter);
    final long basesExcludedByMapq = getBasesExcludedBy(mapqFilter);
    final long basesExcludedByPairing = getBasesExcludedBy(pairFilter);
    final double total = histo.getSum();
    final double totalWithExcludes =
        total
            + basesExcludedByDupes
            + basesExcludedByMapq
            + basesExcludedByPairing
            + basesExcludedByBaseq
            + basesExcludedByOverlap
            + basesExcludedByCapping;
    metrics.PCT_EXC_DUPE = basesExcludedByDupes / totalWithExcludes;
    metrics.PCT_EXC_MAPQ = basesExcludedByMapq / totalWithExcludes;
    metrics.PCT_EXC_UNPAIRED = basesExcludedByPairing / totalWithExcludes;
    metrics.PCT_EXC_BASEQ = basesExcludedByBaseq / totalWithExcludes;
    metrics.PCT_EXC_OVERLAP = basesExcludedByOverlap / totalWithExcludes;
    metrics.PCT_EXC_CAPPED = basesExcludedByCapping / totalWithExcludes;
    metrics.PCT_EXC_TOTAL = (totalWithExcludes - total) / totalWithExcludes;

    metrics.PCT_1X =
        MathUtil.sum(HistogramArray, 1, HistogramArray.length) / (double) metrics.GENOME_TERRITORY;
    metrics.PCT_5X =
        MathUtil.sum(HistogramArray, 5, HistogramArray.length) / (double) metrics.GENOME_TERRITORY;
    metrics.PCT_10X =
        MathUtil.sum(HistogramArray, 10, HistogramArray.length) / (double) metrics.GENOME_TERRITORY;
    metrics.PCT_15X =
        MathUtil.sum(HistogramArray, 15, HistogramArray.length) / (double) metrics.GENOME_TERRITORY;
    metrics.PCT_20X =
        MathUtil.sum(HistogramArray, 20, HistogramArray.length) / (double) metrics.GENOME_TERRITORY;
    metrics.PCT_25X =
        MathUtil.sum(HistogramArray, 25, HistogramArray.length) / (double) metrics.GENOME_TERRITORY;
    metrics.PCT_30X =
        MathUtil.sum(HistogramArray, 30, HistogramArray.length) / (double) metrics.GENOME_TERRITORY;
    metrics.PCT_40X =
        MathUtil.sum(HistogramArray, 40, HistogramArray.length) / (double) metrics.GENOME_TERRITORY;
    metrics.PCT_50X =
        MathUtil.sum(HistogramArray, 50, HistogramArray.length) / (double) metrics.GENOME_TERRITORY;
    metrics.PCT_60X =
        MathUtil.sum(HistogramArray, 60, HistogramArray.length) / (double) metrics.GENOME_TERRITORY;
    metrics.PCT_70X =
        MathUtil.sum(HistogramArray, 70, HistogramArray.length) / (double) metrics.GENOME_TERRITORY;
    metrics.PCT_80X =
        MathUtil.sum(HistogramArray, 80, HistogramArray.length) / (double) metrics.GENOME_TERRITORY;
    metrics.PCT_90X =
        MathUtil.sum(HistogramArray, 90, HistogramArray.length) / (double) metrics.GENOME_TERRITORY;
    metrics.PCT_100X =
        MathUtil.sum(HistogramArray, 100, HistogramArray.length)
            / (double) metrics.GENOME_TERRITORY;

    final MetricsFile<WgsMetrics, Integer> out = getMetricsFile();
    out.addMetric(metrics);
    out.addHistogram(histo);
    if (INCLUDE_BQ_HISTOGRAM) {
      out.addHistogram(baseQHisto);
    }
    out.write(OUTPUT);

    return 0;
  }
  /**
   * Main method for the program. Checks that all input files are present and readable and that the
   * output file can be written to. Then iterates through all the records accumulating metrics.
   * Finally writes metrics file
   */
  protected int doWork() {
    IOUtil.assertFileIsReadable(INPUT);
    IOUtil.assertFileIsWritable(OUTPUT);

    final SamReader reader =
        SamReaderFactory.makeDefault().referenceSequence(REFERENCE_SEQUENCE).open(INPUT);

    final Histogram<Integer> mismatchesHist = new Histogram<Integer>("Predicted", "Mismatches");
    final Histogram<Integer> totalHist = new Histogram<Integer>("Predicted", "Total_Bases");
    final Map<String, Histogram> mismatchesByTypeHist = new HashMap<String, Histogram>();
    final Map<String, Histogram> totalByTypeHist = new HashMap<String, Histogram>();

    // Set up the histograms
    byte[] bases = {'A', 'C', 'G', 'T'};
    for (final byte base : bases) {
      final Histogram<Integer> h = new Histogram<Integer>("Predicted", (char) base + ">");
      mismatchesByTypeHist.put((char) base + ">", h);
      final Histogram<Integer> h2 = new Histogram<Integer>("Predicted", ">" + (char) base);
      mismatchesByTypeHist.put(">" + (char) base, h2);
    }
    for (final byte base : bases) {
      final Histogram<Integer> h = new Histogram<Integer>("Predicted", (char) base + ">");
      totalByTypeHist.put((char) base + ">", h);
      final Histogram<Integer> h2 = new Histogram<Integer>("Predicted", ">" + (char) base);
      totalByTypeHist.put(">" + (char) base, h2);
    }

    for (final SAMRecord record : reader) {
      // Ignore these as we don't know the truth
      if (record.getReadUnmappedFlag() || record.isSecondaryOrSupplementary()) {
        continue;
      }
      final byte[] readBases = record.getReadBases();
      final byte[] readQualities = record.getBaseQualities();
      final byte[] refBases = SequenceUtil.makeReferenceFromAlignment(record, false);

      // We've seen stranger things
      if (readQualities.length != readBases.length) {
        throw new PicardException(
            "Missing Qualities ("
                + readQualities.length
                + ","
                + readBases.length
                + ") : "
                + record.getSAMString());
      }

      if (refBases.length != readBases.length) {
        throw new PicardException(
            "The read length did not match the inferred reference length, please check your MD and CIGAR.");
      }

      int cycleIndex; // zero-based
      if (record.getReadNegativeStrandFlag()) {
        cycleIndex = readBases.length - 1 + CYCLE_OFFSET;
      } else {
        cycleIndex = CYCLE_OFFSET;
      }

      for (int i = 0; i < readBases.length; i++) {
        if (-1 == CYCLE || cycleIndex == CYCLE) {
          if ('-' != refBases[i] && '0' != refBases[i]) { // not insertion and not soft-clipped
            if (!SequenceUtil.basesEqual(readBases[i], refBases[i])) { // mismatch
              mismatchesHist.increment((int) readQualities[i]);
              if (SequenceUtil.isValidBase(refBases[i])) {
                mismatchesByTypeHist
                    .get((char) refBases[i] + ">")
                    .increment((int) readQualities[i]);
              }
              if (SequenceUtil.isValidBase(readBases[i])) {
                mismatchesByTypeHist
                    .get(">" + (char) readBases[i])
                    .increment((int) readQualities[i]);
              }
            } else {
              mismatchesHist.increment(
                  (int) readQualities[i], 0); // to make sure the bin will exist
            }
            totalHist.increment((int) readQualities[i]);
            if (SequenceUtil.isValidBase(readBases[i])) {
              totalByTypeHist.get(">" + (char) readBases[i]).increment((int) readQualities[i]);
            }
            if (SequenceUtil.isValidBase(refBases[i])) {
              totalByTypeHist.get((char) refBases[i] + ">").increment((int) readQualities[i]);
            }
          }
        }
        cycleIndex += record.getReadNegativeStrandFlag() ? -1 : 1;
      }
    }
    CloserUtil.close(reader);

    final Histogram<Integer> hist = new Histogram<Integer>("Predicted", "Observed");

    double sumOfSquaresError = 0.0;

    // compute the aggregate phred values
    for (final Integer key : mismatchesHist.keySet()) {
      final double numMismatches = mismatchesHist.get(key).getValue();
      final double numBases = totalHist.get(key).getValue();
      final double phredErr = Math.log10(numMismatches / numBases) * -10.0;
      sumOfSquaresError += (0 == numMismatches) ? 0.0 : (key - phredErr) * (key - phredErr);
      hist.increment(key, phredErr);

      // make sure the bin will exist
      for (final byte base : bases) {
        mismatchesByTypeHist.get(">" + (char) base).increment(key, 0.0);
        mismatchesByTypeHist.get((char) base + ">").increment(key, 0.0);
        totalByTypeHist.get(">" + (char) base).increment(key, 0.0);
        totalByTypeHist.get((char) base + ">").increment(key, 0.0);
      }
    }

    final QualityScoreAccuracyMetrics metrics = new QualityScoreAccuracyMetrics();
    metrics.SUM_OF_SQUARE_ERROR = sumOfSquaresError;

    final MetricsFile<QualityScoreAccuracyMetrics, Integer> out = getMetricsFile();
    out.addMetric(metrics);
    out.addHistogram(hist);
    for (final byte base : bases) {
      // >base : histograms for mismatches *to* the given base
      Histogram<Integer> m = mismatchesByTypeHist.get(">" + (char) base);
      Histogram<Integer> t = totalByTypeHist.get(">" + (char) base);
      Histogram<Integer> h = new Histogram<Integer>(m.getBinLabel(), m.getValueLabel());
      for (final Integer key : m.keySet()) {
        final double numMismatches = m.get(key).getValue();
        final double numBases = t.get(key).getValue();
        final double phredErr = Math.log10(numMismatches / numBases) * -10.0;
        h.increment(key, phredErr);
      }
      out.addHistogram(h);

      // base> : histograms for mismatches *from* the given base
      m = mismatchesByTypeHist.get((char) base + ">");
      t = totalByTypeHist.get(">" + (char) base);
      h = new Histogram<Integer>(m.getBinLabel(), m.getValueLabel());
      for (final Integer key : m.keySet()) {
        final double numMismatches = m.get(key).getValue();
        final double numBases = t.get(key).getValue();
        final double phredErr = Math.log10(numMismatches / numBases) * -10.0;
        h.increment(key, phredErr);
      }
      out.addHistogram(h);
    }

    out.addHistogram(mismatchesHist);
    out.addHistogram(totalHist);
    out.write(OUTPUT);

    return 0;
  }