private Query createQuery(
      String queryString, @Nullable QueryModifiers modifiers, boolean forCount) {
    Query query = session.createQuery(queryString);
    HibernateUtil.setConstants(query, getConstants(), getMetadata().getParams());
    if (fetchSize > 0) {
      query.setFetchSize(fetchSize);
    }
    if (timeout > 0) {
      query.setTimeout(timeout);
    }
    if (cacheable != null) {
      query.setCacheable(cacheable);
    }
    if (cacheRegion != null) {
      query.setCacheRegion(cacheRegion);
    }
    if (comment != null) {
      query.setComment(comment);
    }
    if (readOnly != null) {
      query.setReadOnly(readOnly);
    }
    for (Map.Entry<Path<?>, LockMode> entry : lockModes.entrySet()) {
      query.setLockMode(entry.getKey().toString(), entry.getValue());
    }
    if (flushMode != null) {
      query.setFlushMode(flushMode);
    }

    if (modifiers != null && modifiers.isRestricting()) {
      if (modifiers.getLimit() != null) {
        query.setMaxResults(modifiers.getLimit().intValue());
      }
      if (modifiers.getOffset() != null) {
        query.setFirstResult(modifiers.getOffset().intValue());
      }
    }

    // set transformer, if necessary
    List<? extends Expression<?>> projection = getMetadata().getProjection();
    if (projection.size() == 1 && !forCount) {
      Expression<?> expr = projection.get(0);
      if (expr instanceof FactoryExpression<?>) {
        query.setResultTransformer(
            new FactoryExpressionTransformer((FactoryExpression<?>) projection.get(0)));
      }
    } else if (!forCount) {
      FactoryExpression<?> proj = FactoryExpressionUtils.wrap(projection);
      if (proj != null) {
        query.setResultTransformer(new FactoryExpressionTransformer(proj));
      }
    }
    return query;
  }
  @Override
  public void serialize(QueryMetadata metadata, boolean forCountRow, SQLSerializer context) {
    if (!forCountRow && metadata.getModifiers().isRestricting() && !metadata.getJoins().isEmpty()) {
      QueryModifiers mod = metadata.getModifiers();
      if (mod.getOffset() == null) {
        // select top ...
        metadata = metadata.clone();
        metadata.addFlag(
            new QueryFlag(
                QueryFlag.Position.AFTER_SELECT,
                Expressions.template(Integer.class, topTemplate, mod.getLimit())));
        context.serializeForQuery(metadata, forCountRow);
      } else {
        throw new IllegalStateException("offset not supported");
      }

    } else {
      context.serializeForQuery(metadata, forCountRow);
    }

    if (!metadata.getFlags().isEmpty()) {
      context.serialize(Position.END, metadata.getFlags());
    }
  }