/**
   * The crux of the matter...
   *
   * @param host {@link MapHost} from which we need to shuffle available map-outputs.
   */
  @VisibleForTesting
  protected void copyFromHost(MapHost host) throws IOException {
    // Get completed maps on 'host'
    List<TaskAttemptID> maps = scheduler.getMapsForHost(host);

    // Sanity check to catch hosts with only 'OBSOLETE' maps,
    // especially at the tail of large jobs
    if (maps.size() == 0) {
      return;
    }

    if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
      LOG.debug("Fetcher " + id + " going to fetch from " + host + " for: " + maps);
    }

    // List of maps to be fetched yet
    Set<TaskAttemptID> remaining = new HashSet<TaskAttemptID>(maps);

    // Construct the url and connect
    DataInputStream input = null;
    try {
      URL url = getMapOutputURL(host, maps);
      openConnection(url);
      if (stopped) {
        abortConnect(host, remaining);
        return;
      }

      // generate hash of the url
      String msgToEncode = SecureShuffleUtils.buildMsgFrom(url);
      String encHash = SecureShuffleUtils.hashFromString(msgToEncode, shuffleSecretKey);

      // put url hash into http header
      connection.addRequestProperty(SecureShuffleUtils.HTTP_HEADER_URL_HASH, encHash);
      // set the read timeout
      connection.setReadTimeout(readTimeout);
      // put shuffle version into http header
      connection.addRequestProperty(
          ShuffleHeader.HTTP_HEADER_NAME, ShuffleHeader.DEFAULT_HTTP_HEADER_NAME);
      connection.addRequestProperty(
          ShuffleHeader.HTTP_HEADER_VERSION, ShuffleHeader.DEFAULT_HTTP_HEADER_VERSION);
      connect(connection, connectionTimeout);
      // verify that the thread wasn't stopped during calls to connect
      if (stopped) {
        abortConnect(host, remaining);
        return;
      }
      input = new DataInputStream(connection.getInputStream());

      // Validate response code
      int rc = connection.getResponseCode();
      if (rc != HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
        throw new IOException(
            "Got invalid response code "
                + rc
                + " from "
                + url
                + ": "
                + connection.getResponseMessage());
      }
      // get the shuffle version
      if (!ShuffleHeader.DEFAULT_HTTP_HEADER_NAME.equals(
              connection.getHeaderField(ShuffleHeader.HTTP_HEADER_NAME))
          || !ShuffleHeader.DEFAULT_HTTP_HEADER_VERSION.equals(
              connection.getHeaderField(ShuffleHeader.HTTP_HEADER_VERSION))) {
        throw new IOException("Incompatible shuffle response version");
      }
      // get the replyHash which is HMac of the encHash we sent to the server
      String replyHash = connection.getHeaderField(SecureShuffleUtils.HTTP_HEADER_REPLY_URL_HASH);
      if (replyHash == null) {
        throw new IOException("security validation of TT Map output failed");
      }
      LOG.debug("url=" + msgToEncode + ";encHash=" + encHash + ";replyHash=" + replyHash);
      // verify that replyHash is HMac of encHash
      SecureShuffleUtils.verifyReply(replyHash, encHash, shuffleSecretKey);
      LOG.info("for url=" + msgToEncode + " sent hash and received reply");
    } catch (IOException ie) {
      boolean connectExcpt = ie instanceof ConnectException;
      ioErrs.increment(1);
      LOG.warn("Failed to connect to " + host + " with " + remaining.size() + " map outputs", ie);

      // If connect did not succeed, just mark all the maps as failed,
      // indirectly penalizing the host
      scheduler.hostFailed(host.getHostName());
      for (TaskAttemptID left : remaining) {
        scheduler.copyFailed(left, host, false, connectExcpt);
      }

      // Add back all the remaining maps, WITHOUT marking them as failed
      for (TaskAttemptID left : remaining) {
        scheduler.putBackKnownMapOutput(host, left);
      }

      return;
    }

    try {
      // Loop through available map-outputs and fetch them
      // On any error, faildTasks is not null and we exit
      // after putting back the remaining maps to the
      // yet_to_be_fetched list and marking the failed tasks.
      TaskAttemptID[] failedTasks = null;
      while (!remaining.isEmpty() && failedTasks == null) {
        failedTasks = copyMapOutput(host, input, remaining);
      }

      if (failedTasks != null && failedTasks.length > 0) {
        LOG.warn("copyMapOutput failed for tasks " + Arrays.toString(failedTasks));
        scheduler.hostFailed(host.getHostName());
        for (TaskAttemptID left : failedTasks) {
          scheduler.copyFailed(left, host, true, false);
        }
      }

      // Sanity check
      if (failedTasks == null && !remaining.isEmpty()) {
        throw new IOException(
            "server didn't return all expected map outputs: " + remaining.size() + " left.");
      }
      input.close();
      input = null;
    } finally {
      if (input != null) {
        IOUtils.cleanup(LOG, input);
        input = null;
      }
      for (TaskAttemptID left : remaining) {
        scheduler.putBackKnownMapOutput(host, left);
      }
    }
  }
 private void abortConnect(MapHost host, Set<TaskAttemptID> remaining) {
   for (TaskAttemptID left : remaining) {
     scheduler.putBackKnownMapOutput(host, left);
   }
   closeConnection();
 }