/**
   * LU Decomposition Back Solve; this method takes the LU matrix and the permutation vector
   * produced by the GMatrix method LUD and solves the equation (LU)*x = b by placing the solution
   * vector x into this vector. This vector should be the same length or longer than b.
   *
   * @param LU The matrix into which the lower and upper decompostions have been placed
   * @param b The b vector in the equation (LU)*x = b
   * @param permutation The row permuations that were necessary to produce the LU matrix parameter
   */
  public final void LUDBackSolve(GMatrix LU, GVector b, GVector permutation) {
    int size = LU.nRow * LU.nCol;

    double[] temp = new double[size];
    double[] result = new double[size];
    int[] row_perm = new int[b.getSize()];
    int i, j;

    if (LU.nRow != b.getSize()) {
      throw new MismatchedSizeException(VecMathI18N.getString("GVector16"));
    }

    if (LU.nRow != permutation.getSize()) {
      throw new MismatchedSizeException(VecMathI18N.getString("GVector24"));
    }

    if (LU.nRow != LU.nCol) {
      throw new MismatchedSizeException(VecMathI18N.getString("GVector25"));
    }

    for (i = 0; i < LU.nRow; i++) {
      for (j = 0; j < LU.nCol; j++) {
        temp[i * LU.nCol + j] = LU.values[i][j];
      }
    }

    for (i = 0; i < size; i++) result[i] = 0.0;
    for (i = 0; i < LU.nRow; i++) result[i * LU.nCol] = b.values[i];
    for (i = 0; i < LU.nCol; i++) row_perm[i] = (int) permutation.values[i];

    GMatrix.luBacksubstitution(LU.nRow, temp, row_perm, result);

    for (i = 0; i < LU.nRow; i++) this.values[i] = result[i * LU.nCol];
  }