@SuppressWarnings("NumericCastThatLosesPrecision")
 @Override
 public int getBucket(Page page, int position) {
   long hash = 0;
   for (Block block : page.getBlocks()) {
     long value = BIGINT.getLong(block, position);
     hash = (hash * 31) + XxHash64.hash(value);
   }
   int value = (int) (hash & Integer.MAX_VALUE);
   return value % bucketCount;
 }
      @Override
      public void addInput(Page page) {
        Block block = page.getBlock(labelChannel);
        for (int position = 0; position < block.getPositionCount(); position++) {
          if (labelIsLong) {
            labels.add((double) BIGINT.getLong(block, position));
          } else {
            labels.add(DOUBLE.getDouble(block, position));
          }
        }

        block = page.getBlock(featuresChannel);
        for (int position = 0; position < block.getPositionCount(); position++) {
          FeatureVector featureVector =
              ModelUtils.jsonToFeatures(VARCHAR.getSlice(block, position));
          rowsSize += featureVector.getEstimatedSize();
          rows.add(featureVector);
        }

        if (params == null) {
          block = page.getBlock(paramsChannel);
          params = LibSvmUtils.parseParameters(VARCHAR.getSlice(block, 0).toStringUtf8());
        }
      }
  @Test
  public void testWriter() throws Exception {
    OrcStorageManager manager = createOrcStorageManager();

    List<Long> columnIds = ImmutableList.of(3L, 7L);
    List<Type> columnTypes = ImmutableList.<Type>of(BIGINT, createVarcharType(10));

    StoragePageSink sink = createStoragePageSink(manager, columnIds, columnTypes);
    List<Page> pages = rowPagesBuilder(columnTypes).row(123L, "hello").row(456L, "bye").build();
    sink.appendPages(pages);

    // shard is not recorded until flush
    assertEquals(shardRecorder.getShards().size(), 0);

    sink.flush();

    // shard is recorded after flush
    List<RecordedShard> recordedShards = shardRecorder.getShards();
    assertEquals(recordedShards.size(), 1);

    List<ShardInfo> shards = getFutureValue(sink.commit());

    assertEquals(shards.size(), 1);
    ShardInfo shardInfo = Iterables.getOnlyElement(shards);

    UUID shardUuid = shardInfo.getShardUuid();
    File file = storageService.getStorageFile(shardUuid);
    File backupFile = fileBackupStore.getBackupFile(shardUuid);

    assertEquals(recordedShards.get(0).getTransactionId(), TRANSACTION_ID);
    assertEquals(recordedShards.get(0).getShardUuid(), shardUuid);

    assertEquals(shardInfo.getRowCount(), 2);
    assertEquals(shardInfo.getCompressedSize(), file.length());

    // verify primary and backup shard exist
    assertFile(file, "primary shard");
    assertFile(backupFile, "backup shard");

    assertFileEquals(file, backupFile);

    // remove primary shard to force recovery from backup
    assertTrue(file.delete());
    assertTrue(file.getParentFile().delete());
    assertFalse(file.exists());

    recoveryManager.restoreFromBackup(shardUuid, OptionalLong.empty());

    try (OrcDataSource dataSource = manager.openShard(shardUuid, READER_ATTRIBUTES)) {
      OrcRecordReader reader = createReader(dataSource, columnIds, columnTypes);

      assertEquals(reader.nextBatch(), 2);

      Block column0 = reader.readBlock(BIGINT, 0);
      assertEquals(column0.isNull(0), false);
      assertEquals(column0.isNull(1), false);
      assertEquals(BIGINT.getLong(column0, 0), 123L);
      assertEquals(BIGINT.getLong(column0, 1), 456L);

      Block column1 = reader.readBlock(createVarcharType(10), 1);
      assertEquals(createVarcharType(10).getSlice(column1, 0), utf8Slice("hello"));
      assertEquals(createVarcharType(10).getSlice(column1, 1), utf8Slice("bye"));

      assertEquals(reader.nextBatch(), -1);
    }
  }
  @Test
  public void testWriter() throws Exception {
    List<Long> columnIds = ImmutableList.of(1L, 2L, 4L, 6L, 7L, 8L, 9L, 10L);
    ArrayType arrayType = new ArrayType(BIGINT);
    ArrayType arrayOfArrayType = new ArrayType(arrayType);
    MapType mapType = new MapType(createVarcharType(10), BOOLEAN);
    List<Type> columnTypes =
        ImmutableList.of(
            BIGINT,
            createVarcharType(10),
            VARBINARY,
            DOUBLE,
            BOOLEAN,
            arrayType,
            mapType,
            arrayOfArrayType);
    File file = new File(directory, System.nanoTime() + ".orc");

    byte[] bytes1 = octets(0x00, 0xFE, 0xFF);
    byte[] bytes3 = octets(0x01, 0x02, 0x19, 0x80);

    RowPagesBuilder rowPagesBuilder =
        RowPagesBuilder.rowPagesBuilder(columnTypes)
            .row(
                123L,
                "hello",
                wrappedBuffer(bytes1),
                123.456,
                true,
                arrayBlockOf(BIGINT, 1, 2),
                mapBlockOf(createVarcharType(5), BOOLEAN, "k1", true),
                arrayBlockOf(arrayType, arrayBlockOf(BIGINT, 5)))
            .row(
                null,
                "world",
                null,
                Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY,
                null,
                arrayBlockOf(BIGINT, 3, null),
                mapBlockOf(createVarcharType(5), BOOLEAN, "k2", null),
                arrayBlockOf(arrayType, null, arrayBlockOf(BIGINT, 6, 7)))
            .row(
                456L,
                "bye \u2603",
                wrappedBuffer(bytes3),
                Double.NaN,
                false,
                arrayBlockOf(BIGINT),
                mapBlockOf(createVarcharType(5), BOOLEAN, "k3", false),
                arrayBlockOf(arrayType, arrayBlockOf(BIGINT)));

    try (ThreadContextClassLoader ignored = new ThreadContextClassLoader(new EmptyClassLoader());
        OrcFileWriter writer = new OrcFileWriter(columnIds, columnTypes, file)) {
      writer.appendPages(rowPagesBuilder.build());
    }

    try (OrcDataSource dataSource = fileOrcDataSource(file)) {
      OrcRecordReader reader = createReader(dataSource, columnIds, columnTypes);
      assertEquals(reader.getReaderRowCount(), 3);
      assertEquals(reader.getReaderPosition(), 0);
      assertEquals(reader.getFileRowCount(), reader.getReaderRowCount());
      assertEquals(reader.getFilePosition(), reader.getFilePosition());

      assertEquals(reader.nextBatch(), 3);
      assertEquals(reader.getReaderPosition(), 0);
      assertEquals(reader.getFilePosition(), reader.getFilePosition());

      Block column0 = reader.readBlock(BIGINT, 0);
      assertEquals(column0.isNull(0), false);
      assertEquals(column0.isNull(1), true);
      assertEquals(column0.isNull(2), false);
      assertEquals(BIGINT.getLong(column0, 0), 123L);
      assertEquals(BIGINT.getLong(column0, 2), 456L);

      Block column1 = reader.readBlock(createVarcharType(10), 1);
      assertEquals(createVarcharType(10).getSlice(column1, 0), utf8Slice("hello"));
      assertEquals(createVarcharType(10).getSlice(column1, 1), utf8Slice("world"));
      assertEquals(createVarcharType(10).getSlice(column1, 2), utf8Slice("bye \u2603"));

      Block column2 = reader.readBlock(VARBINARY, 2);
      assertEquals(VARBINARY.getSlice(column2, 0), wrappedBuffer(bytes1));
      assertEquals(column2.isNull(1), true);
      assertEquals(VARBINARY.getSlice(column2, 2), wrappedBuffer(bytes3));

      Block column3 = reader.readBlock(DOUBLE, 3);
      assertEquals(column3.isNull(0), false);
      assertEquals(column3.isNull(1), false);
      assertEquals(column3.isNull(2), false);
      assertEquals(DOUBLE.getDouble(column3, 0), 123.456);
      assertEquals(DOUBLE.getDouble(column3, 1), Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
      assertEquals(DOUBLE.getDouble(column3, 2), Double.NaN);

      Block column4 = reader.readBlock(BOOLEAN, 4);
      assertEquals(column4.isNull(0), false);
      assertEquals(column4.isNull(1), true);
      assertEquals(column4.isNull(2), false);
      assertEquals(BOOLEAN.getBoolean(column4, 0), true);
      assertEquals(BOOLEAN.getBoolean(column4, 2), false);

      Block column5 = reader.readBlock(arrayType, 5);
      assertEquals(column5.getPositionCount(), 3);

      assertTrue(
          arrayBlocksEqual(BIGINT, arrayType.getObject(column5, 0), arrayBlockOf(BIGINT, 1, 2)));
      assertTrue(
          arrayBlocksEqual(BIGINT, arrayType.getObject(column5, 1), arrayBlockOf(BIGINT, 3, null)));
      assertTrue(arrayBlocksEqual(BIGINT, arrayType.getObject(column5, 2), arrayBlockOf(BIGINT)));

      Block column6 = reader.readBlock(mapType, 6);
      assertEquals(column6.getPositionCount(), 3);

      assertTrue(
          mapBlocksEqual(
              createVarcharType(5),
              BOOLEAN,
              arrayType.getObject(column6, 0),
              mapBlockOf(createVarcharType(5), BOOLEAN, "k1", true)));
      assertTrue(
          mapBlocksEqual(
              createVarcharType(5),
              BOOLEAN,
              arrayType.getObject(column6, 1),
              mapBlockOf(createVarcharType(5), BOOLEAN, "k2", null)));
      assertTrue(
          mapBlocksEqual(
              createVarcharType(5),
              BOOLEAN,
              arrayType.getObject(column6, 2),
              mapBlockOf(createVarcharType(5), BOOLEAN, "k3", false)));

      Block column7 = reader.readBlock(arrayOfArrayType, 7);
      assertEquals(column7.getPositionCount(), 3);

      assertTrue(
          arrayBlocksEqual(
              arrayType,
              arrayOfArrayType.getObject(column7, 0),
              arrayBlockOf(arrayType, arrayBlockOf(BIGINT, 5))));
      assertTrue(
          arrayBlocksEqual(
              arrayType,
              arrayOfArrayType.getObject(column7, 1),
              arrayBlockOf(arrayType, null, arrayBlockOf(BIGINT, 6, 7))));
      assertTrue(
          arrayBlocksEqual(
              arrayType,
              arrayOfArrayType.getObject(column7, 2),
              arrayBlockOf(arrayType, arrayBlockOf(BIGINT))));

      assertEquals(reader.nextBatch(), -1);
      assertEquals(reader.getReaderPosition(), 3);
      assertEquals(reader.getFilePosition(), reader.getFilePosition());

      OrcFileMetadata orcFileMetadata =
          METADATA_CODEC.fromJson(reader.getUserMetadata().get(OrcFileMetadata.KEY).getBytes());
      assertEquals(
          orcFileMetadata,
          new OrcFileMetadata(
              ImmutableMap.<Long, TypeSignature>builder()
                  .put(1L, BIGINT.getTypeSignature())
                  .put(2L, createVarcharType(10).getTypeSignature())
                  .put(4L, VARBINARY.getTypeSignature())
                  .put(6L, DOUBLE.getTypeSignature())
                  .put(7L, BOOLEAN.getTypeSignature())
                  .put(8L, arrayType.getTypeSignature())
                  .put(9L, mapType.getTypeSignature())
                  .put(10L, arrayOfArrayType.getTypeSignature())
                  .build()));
    }

    File crcFile = new File(file.getParentFile(), "." + file.getName() + ".crc");
    assertFalse(crcFile.exists());
  }