/**
     * Implement the cast expression.
     *
     * <p>TODO: check for overflow
     *
     * @return the rhs expression casted as the lhs type
     */
    public Expression implement() {
      // Check for invalid null assignment. Code generated afterwards
      // can assume null will never be assigned to a not null value.
      checkNotNull();

      // Check for an explicit rhs null value. Code generated
      // afterwards need never check for an explicit null.
      if (rhsType.getSqlTypeName() == SqlTypeName.NULL) {
        if (lhsType.isNullable()) {
          return castFromNull();
        } else {
          // NOTE jvs 27-Jan-2005:  this code will never actually
          // be executed do to previous checkNotNull test, but
          // it still has to compile!
          return rhsAsValue();
        }
      }

      // Case when left hand side is a nullable primitive
      if (translator.isNullablePrimitive(lhsType)) {
        if (SqlTypeUtil.isJavaPrimitive(rhsType)
            && (!rhsType.isNullable() || translator.isNullablePrimitive(rhsType))) {
          return castPrimitiveToNullablePrimitive();
        }
        return castToAssignableValue();
      }

      // Case when left hand side is a not nullable primitive
      if (SqlTypeUtil.isJavaPrimitive(lhsType)) {
        return castToNotNullPrimitive();
      }

      // Case when left hand side is a structure
      if (lhsType.isStruct()) {
        assert (rhsType.isStruct());

        // TODO jvs 27-May-2004:  relax this assert and deal with
        // conversions, null checks, etc.
        assert (lhsType.equals(rhsType));

        return getDirectAssignment();
      }

      // Default is to treat non-primitives as AssignableValue
      return castToAssignableValue();
    }
    /**
     * Casts the rhs to a non nullable primitive value. Non nullable primitive values only have a
     * single value field.
     */
    private Expression castToNotNullPrimitive() {
      // If the left and the right types are the same, perform a
      // trivial cast.
      if (lhsType == rhsType) {
        return getDirectAssignment();
      }

      // Retrieve the value of the right side if it is a nullable
      // primitive or a Datetime or an Interval type.
      // TODO: is Decimal a nullable primitive?
      if (translator.isNullablePrimitive(rhsType)
          || SqlTypeUtil.isDatetime(rhsType)
          || SqlTypeUtil.isInterval(rhsType)) {
        rhsExp = getValue(rhsType, rhsExp);
      }

      // Get the name of the numeric class such as Byte, Short, etc.
      String numClassName = SqlTypeUtil.getNumericJavaClassName(lhsType);
      OJClass lhsClass = getLhsClass();

      // When casting from a string (or binary) to a number, trim the
      // value and perform the cast by calling a class-specific parsing
      // function.
      if ((numClassName != null)
          && SqlTypeUtil.inCharOrBinaryFamilies(rhsType)
          && !SqlTypeUtil.isLob(rhsType)) {
        // TODO: toString will cause too much garbage collection.
        rhsExp = new MethodCall(rhsExp, "toString", new ExpressionList());
        rhsExp = new MethodCall(rhsExp, "trim", new ExpressionList());
        String methodName = "parse" + numClassName;
        if (lhsType.getSqlTypeName() == SqlTypeName.INTEGER) {
          methodName = "parseInt";
        }
        rhsExp =
            new MethodCall(
                new Literal(Literal.STRING, numClassName), methodName, new ExpressionList(rhsExp));

        Variable outTemp = translator.getRelImplementor().newVariable();
        translator.addStatement(
            new VariableDeclaration(
                TypeName.forOJClass(lhsClass), new VariableDeclarator(outTemp.toString(), rhsExp)));
        rhsExp = outTemp;

        // Note: this check for overflow should only be required
        // when the string conversion does not perform a check.
        checkOverflow();
      } else if ((lhsType.getSqlTypeName() == SqlTypeName.BOOLEAN)
          && SqlTypeUtil.inCharOrBinaryFamilies(rhsType)
          && !SqlTypeUtil.isLob(rhsType)) {
        // Casting from string to boolean relies on the runtime type.
        // Note: string is trimmed by conversion method.

        // TODO: toString will cause too much garbage collection.
        Expression str = new MethodCall(rhsExp, "toString", new ExpressionList());

        rhsExp =
            new MethodCall(
                OJClass.forClass(NullablePrimitive.NullableBoolean.class),
                "convertString",
                new ExpressionList(str));
      } else {
        // In general, check for overflow
        checkOverflow();
      }

      roundAsNeeded();

      rhsExp = new CastExpression(lhsClass, rhsExp);
      return getDirectAssignment();
    }