/**
   * Attempt authentication
   *
   * @param getPasswdFromSharedState boolean that tells this method whether to retrieve the password
   *     from the sharedState.
   * @exception LoginException if the authentication attempt fails.
   */
  private void attemptAuthentication(boolean getPasswdFromSharedState) throws LoginException {

    // first get the username and password
    getUsernamePassword(getPasswdFromSharedState);

    if (password == null || password.length == 0) {
      throw (LoginException) new FailedLoginException("No password was supplied");
    }

    String dn = "";

    if (authFirst || authOnly) {

      String id = replaceUsernameToken(identityMatcher, authcIdentity);

      // Prepare to bind using user's username and password
      ldapEnvironment.put(Context.SECURITY_CREDENTIALS, password);
      ldapEnvironment.put(Context.SECURITY_PRINCIPAL, id);

      if (debug) {
        System.out.println(
            "\t\t[LdapLoginModule] " + "attempting to authenticate user: "******"Cannot bind to LDAP server").initCause(e);
      }

      // Authentication has succeeded

      // Locate the user's distinguished name
      if (userFilter != null) {
        dn = findUserDN(ctx);
      } else {
        dn = id;
      }

    } else {

      try {
        // Connect to the LDAP server (using anonymous bind)
        ctx = new InitialLdapContext(ldapEnvironment, null);

      } catch (NamingException e) {
        throw (LoginException)
            new FailedLoginException("Cannot connect to LDAP server").initCause(e);
      }

      // Locate the user's distinguished name
      dn = findUserDN(ctx);

      try {

        // Prepare to bind using user's distinguished name and password
        ctx.addToEnvironment(Context.SECURITY_AUTHENTICATION, "simple");
        ctx.addToEnvironment(Context.SECURITY_PRINCIPAL, dn);
        ctx.addToEnvironment(Context.SECURITY_CREDENTIALS, password);

        if (debug) {
          System.out.println(
              "\t\t[LdapLoginModule] " + "attempting to authenticate user: "******"Cannot bind to LDAP server").initCause(e);
      }
    }

    // Save input as shared state only if authentication succeeded
    if (storePass
        && !sharedState.containsKey(USERNAME_KEY)
        && !sharedState.containsKey(PASSWORD_KEY)) {
      sharedState.put(USERNAME_KEY, username);
      sharedState.put(PASSWORD_KEY, password);
    }

    // Create the user principals
    userPrincipal = new UserPrincipal(username);
    if (authzIdentity != null) {
      authzPrincipal = new UserPrincipal(authzIdentity);
    }

    try {

      ldapPrincipal = new LdapPrincipal(dn);

    } catch (InvalidNameException e) {
      if (debug) {
        System.out.println("\t\t[LdapLoginModule] " + "cannot create LdapPrincipal: bad DN");
      }
      throw (LoginException) new FailedLoginException("Cannot create LdapPrincipal").initCause(e);
    }
  }