protected ScanningTasks notify(ChangeSet changeSet) {
    if (changeSet.getWorkspaceName() == null) {
      // This is a change to the workspaces or repository metadata ...

      // Refresh the index definitions ...
      RepositoryIndexes indexes = readIndexDefinitions();
      ScanningTasks feedback = new ScanningTasks();
      if (!indexes.getIndexDefinitions().isEmpty()) {
        // Build up the names of the added and removed workspace names ...
        Set<String> addedWorkspaces = new HashSet<>();
        Set<String> removedWorkspaces = new HashSet<>();
        for (Change change : changeSet) {
          if (change instanceof WorkspaceAdded) {
            WorkspaceAdded added = (WorkspaceAdded) change;
            addedWorkspaces.add(added.getWorkspaceName());
          } else if (change instanceof WorkspaceRemoved) {
            WorkspaceRemoved removed = (WorkspaceRemoved) change;
            removedWorkspaces.add(removed.getWorkspaceName());
          }
        }
        if (!addedWorkspaces.isEmpty() || !removedWorkspaces.isEmpty()) {
          // Figure out which providers need to be called, and which definitions go with those
          // providers ...
          Map<String, List<IndexDefinition>> defnsByProvider = new HashMap<>();
          for (IndexDefinition defn : indexes.getIndexDefinitions().values()) {
            String providerName = defn.getProviderName();
            List<IndexDefinition> defns = defnsByProvider.get(providerName);
            if (defns == null) {
              defns = new ArrayList<>();
              defnsByProvider.put(providerName, defns);
            }
            defns.add(defn);
          }
          // Then for each provider ...
          for (Map.Entry<String, List<IndexDefinition>> entry : defnsByProvider.entrySet()) {
            String providerName = entry.getKey();
            WorkspaceIndexChanges changes =
                new WorkspaceIndexChanges(entry.getValue(), addedWorkspaces, removedWorkspaces);
            IndexProvider provider = providers.get(providerName);
            if (provider == null) continue;
            provider.notify(
                changes,
                repository.changeBus(),
                repository.nodeTypeManager(),
                repository.repositoryCache().getWorkspaceNames(),
                feedback.forProvider(providerName));
          }
        }
      }
      return feedback;
    }
    if (!systemWorkspaceName.equals(changeSet.getWorkspaceName())) {
      // The change does not affect the 'system' workspace, so skip it ...
      return null;
    }

    // It is simple to listen to all local and remote changes. Therefore, any changes made locally
    // to the index definitions
    // will be propagated through the cached representation via this listener.
    AtomicReference<Map<Name, IndexChangeInfo>> changesByProviderName = new AtomicReference<>();
    for (Change change : changeSet) {
      if (change instanceof NodeAdded) {
        NodeAdded added = (NodeAdded) change;
        Path addedPath = added.getPath();
        if (indexesPath.isAncestorOf(addedPath)) {
          // Get the name of the affected provider ...
          Name providerName = addedPath.getSegment(2).getName();
          if (addedPath.size() > 3) {
            // Adding an index (or column definition), but all we care about is the name of the
            // index
            Name indexName = addedPath.getSegment(3).getName();
            changeInfoForProvider(changesByProviderName, providerName).changed(indexName);
          }
        }
      } else if (change instanceof NodeRemoved) {
        NodeRemoved removed = (NodeRemoved) change;
        Path removedPath = removed.getPath();
        if (indexesPath.isAncestorOf(removedPath)) {
          // Get the name of the affected provider ...
          Name providerName = removedPath.getSegment(2).getName();
          if (removedPath.size() > 4) {
            // It's a column definition being removed, so the index is changed ...
            Name indexName = removedPath.getSegment(3).getName();
            changeInfoForProvider(changesByProviderName, providerName).removed(indexName);
          } else if (removedPath.size() > 3) {
            // Removing an index (or column definition), but all we care about is the name of the
            // index
            Name indexName = removedPath.getSegment(3).getName();
            changeInfoForProvider(changesByProviderName, providerName).removed(indexName);
          } else if (removedPath.size() == 3) {
            // The whole provider was removed ...
            changeInfoForProvider(changesByProviderName, providerName).removedAll();
          }
        }
      } else if (change instanceof PropertyChanged) {
        PropertyChanged propChanged = (PropertyChanged) change;
        Path changedPath = propChanged.getPathToNode();
        if (indexesPath.isAncestorOf(changedPath)) {
          if (changedPath.size() > 3) {
            // Adding an index (or column definition), but all we care about is the name of the
            // index
            Name providerName = changedPath.getSegment(2).getName();
            Name indexName = changedPath.getSegment(3).getName();
            changeInfoForProvider(changesByProviderName, providerName).changed(indexName);
          }
        }
      } // we don't care about node moves (don't happen) or property added/removed (handled by node
      // add/remove)
    }

    if (changesByProviderName.get() == null || changesByProviderName.get().isEmpty()) {
      // No changes to the indexes ...
      return null;
    }
    // Refresh the index definitions ...
    RepositoryIndexes indexes = readIndexDefinitions();

    // And notify the affected providers ...
    StringFactory strings = context.getValueFactories().getStringFactory();
    ScanningTasks feedback = new ScanningTasks();
    for (Map.Entry<Name, IndexChangeInfo> entry : changesByProviderName.get().entrySet()) {
      String providerName = strings.create(entry.getKey());
      IndexProvider provider = providers.get(providerName);
      if (provider == null) continue;

      IndexChanges changes = new IndexChanges();
      IndexChangeInfo info = entry.getValue();
      if (info.removedAll) {
        // Get all of the definitions for this provider ...
        for (IndexDefinition defn : indexes.getIndexDefinitions().values()) {
          if (defn.getProviderName().equals(providerName)) changes.remove(defn.getName());
        }
      }
      // Others might have been added or changed after the existing ones were removed ...
      for (Name name : info.removedIndexes) {
        changes.remove(strings.create(name));
      }
      for (Name name : info.changedIndexes) {
        IndexDefinition defn = indexes.getIndexDefinitions().get(strings.create(name));
        if (defn != null) changes.change(defn);
      }
      // Notify the provider ...
      try {
        provider.notify(
            changes,
            repository.changeBus(),
            repository.nodeTypeManager(),
            repository.repositoryCache().getWorkspaceNames(),
            feedback.forProvider(providerName));
      } catch (RuntimeException e) {
        logger.error(
            e,
            JcrI18n.errorNotifyingProviderOfIndexChanges,
            providerName,
            repository.name(),
            e.getMessage());
      }
    }

    // Finally swap the snapshot of indexes ...
    this.indexes = indexes;
    return feedback;
  }
  /**
   * Initialize this manager by calling {@link IndexProvider#initialize()} on each of the
   * currently-registered providers.
   *
   * @return the information about the portions of the repository that need to be scanned to
   *     (re)build indexes; null if no scanning is required
   */
  protected synchronized ScanningTasks initialize() {
    if (initialized.get()) {
      // nothing to do ...
      return null;
    }

    // Initialize each of the providers, removing any that are not properly initialized ...
    for (Iterator<Map.Entry<String, IndexProvider>> providerIter = providers.entrySet().iterator();
        providerIter.hasNext(); ) {
      IndexProvider provider = providerIter.next().getValue();
      try {
        doInitialize(provider);
      } catch (Throwable t) {
        if (t.getCause() != null) {
          t = t.getCause();
        }
        repository.error(
            t,
            JcrI18n.unableToInitializeIndexProvider,
            provider.getName(),
            repository.name(),
            t.getMessage());
        providerIter.remove();
      }
    }
    // Re-read the index definitions in case there were disabled index definitions that used the
    // now-available provider ...
    RepositoryIndexes indexes = readIndexDefinitions();

    // Notify the providers of all the index definitions (which we'll treat as "new" since we're
    // just starting up) ...
    ScanningTasks feedback = new ScanningTasks();
    for (Iterator<Map.Entry<String, IndexProvider>> providerIter = providers.entrySet().iterator();
        providerIter.hasNext(); ) {
      IndexProvider provider = providerIter.next().getValue();
      if (provider == null) continue;
      final String providerName = provider.getName();

      IndexChanges changes = new IndexChanges();
      for (IndexDefinition indexDefn : indexes.getIndexDefinitions().values()) {
        if (!providerName.equals(indexDefn.getProviderName())) continue;
        changes.change(indexDefn);
      }
      // Even if there are no definitions, we still want to notify each of the providers ...
      try {
        provider.notify(
            changes,
            repository.changeBus(),
            repository.nodeTypeManager(),
            repository.repositoryCache().getWorkspaceNames(),
            feedback.forProvider(providerName));
      } catch (RuntimeException e) {
        logger.error(
            e,
            JcrI18n.errorNotifyingProviderOfIndexChanges,
            providerName,
            repository.name(),
            e.getMessage());
      }
    }

    // Refresh the index writer ...
    refreshIndexWriter();
    initialized.set(true);
    return feedback;
  }