Renderer(int line) {
startLine = line;
if (!scene.antiAliasing) {
sampled = false;
samples = Math.max(scene.raysPerPixel, DEBUG_samples);
// Force it to be a perfect square
samples = (int) Math.sqrt(samples);
samples = samples * samples;
imageSamples = new Double3D[samples];
for (int i = 0; i < samples; i++) imageSamples[i] = new Double3D(0, 0, 0);
// Make samples are in the range [0,1]
Sample.multiJitter(imageSamples, samples);
// Make samples are in the range [-2,2]
Sample.cubicSplineFilter(imageSamples, samples);
// Scale image samples to [-.5,.5] and adjust to worldCoords this should be +-.5 pixels
// since we're in the middle of a pixel to begin with
for (int i = 0; i < samples; i++) {
imageSamples[i].x = widthRatio / 2 * (imageSamples[i].x / 4.0);
imageSamples[i].y = heightRatio / 2 * (imageSamples[i].y / 4.0);
// System.out.println("Jitter by: " + imageSamples[i] + " Pixel width: " + widthRatio + "
// Pixel height: " + heightRatio );
}
imageSamples[0].x++;
imageSamples[0].x--;
}
}
Renderer() {
xMin = scene.camera.viewportLeft + 0.5;
xMax = scene.camera.viewportRight;
yMin = scene.camera.viewportBottom + 0.5;
yMax = scene.camera.viewportTop;
if (scene.antiAliasing) {
samples = Math.max(scene.raysPerPixel, DEBUG_samples);
// Force it to be a perfect square
samples = (int) Math.sqrt(samples);
samples = samples * samples;
imageSamples = new Double3D[samples];
for (int i = 0; i < samples; i++) imageSamples[i] = new Double3D(0, 0, 0);
Sample.multiJitter(imageSamples, samples);
// Samples are in the range [-2,2]
Sample.cubicSplineFilter(imageSamples, samples);
// Scale image samples to [-1,1]
for (int i = 0; i < samples; i++) {
imageSamples[i].x = widthRatio * imageSamples[i].x / 2.0;
imageSamples[i].y = heightRatio * imageSamples[i].y / 2.0;
}
}
}
/**
* Called back immediately after the OpenGL context is initialized. Can be used to perform
* one-time initialization. Run only once.
*/
@Override
public void init(GLAutoDrawable drawable) {
GL2 gl = drawable.getGL().getGL2(); // get the OpenGL graphics context
glu = new GLU(); // get GL Utilities
gl.glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); // set background (clear) color
gl.glClearDepth(1.0f); // set clear depth value to farthest
gl.glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); // enables depth testing
gl.glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL); // the type of depth test to do
gl.glHint(GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL_NICEST); // best perspective correction
gl.glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH); // blends colors nicely, and smoothes out lighting
// Load the texture image
try {
// Create a OpenGL Texture object from (URL, mipmap, file suffix)
// Use URL so that can read from JAR and disk file.
texture =
TextureIO.newTexture(
this.getClass().getResource(textureFileName), false, textureFileType);
} catch (GLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// Use linear filter for texture if image is larger than the original texture
gl.glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
// Use linear filter for texture if image is smaller than the original texture
gl.glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
// Texture image flips vertically. Shall use TextureCoords class to retrieve
// the top, bottom, left and right coordinates, instead of using 0.0f and 1.0f.
TextureCoords textureCoords = texture.getImageTexCoords();
textureTop = textureCoords.top();
textureBottom = textureCoords.bottom();
// textureLeft = textureCoords.left();
// textureRight = textureCoords.right();
// Enable the texture
texture.enable(gl);
// gl.glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
// we want back facing polygons to be filled completely and that we want front
// facing polygons to be outlined only.
gl.glPolygonMode(GL_BACK, GL_FILL); // Back Face Is Filled In
gl.glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT, GL_LINE); // Front Face Is Drawn With Lines
for (int x = 0; x < numPoints; x++) { // Loop Through The Y Plane
for (int y = 0; y < numPoints; y++) {
// Apply The Wave To Our Mesh
// xmax is 45. Get 9 after dividing by 5. Subtract 4.5 to centralize.
points[x][y][0] = (float) x / 5.0f - 4.5f;
points[x][y][1] = (float) y / 5.0f - 4.5f;
// Sine wave pattern
points[x][y][2] = (float) (Math.sin(Math.toRadians(x / 5.0f * 40.0f)));
}
}
}
boolean transmissionDirection(Ray ray, HitRecord hit, Ray transmission) {
double n = transmission.r.prevR.n;
double nt = transmission.r.n;
Double3D N = hit.normal;
Double3D D = ray.dir;
double cosine = -D.dot(N);
if (n > nt) { // We're inside, so reverse the normal
N = N.sMult(-1);
cosine = -D.dot(N);
}
double nRatio = n / nt;
double cosinePSq = 1.0 - nRatio * nRatio * (1.0f - cosine * cosine);
// check for total internal refraction here
if (cosinePSq < 0.0f) return false; // total internal refraction
else {
// D - N(N.D)
// Double3D pOne = D.minus( N.sMult(N.dot(D)) ).sMult(nRatio);
double inside = nRatio * cosine - Math.sqrt(cosinePSq);
Double3D temp = D.sMult(nRatio).plus(N.sMult(inside)).getUnit();
transmission.dir.x = temp.x;
transmission.dir.y = temp.y;
transmission.dir.z = temp.z;
}
return true;
}
// iPoint is the point of intersection with the surface.
DoubleColor shade(Ray ray, HitRecord hit, MaterialCell material, boolean background) {
DoubleColor color = new DoubleColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
// Add ambient light only once
color.plus(
new DoubleColor(
(double) (lights[0].ambient[0] * material.ka.r),
(double) (lights[0].ambient[1] * material.ka.g),
(double) (lights[0].ambient[2] * material.ka.b),
(double) (lights[0].ambient[3] * material.ka.a)));
// Assign material color?
// Local light or directional? If directional then we need to see if it's shining on the
// object
if (!background) {
double d = 2; // L.distanceTo(hit.hitP);
for (int i = 0; i < lights.length; i++) {
if (lights[i].lightSwitch == 1) {
Double3D L =
new Double3D(
(double) lights[i].position[0],
(double) lights[i].position[1],
(double) lights[i].position[2]);
L = L.minus(hit.hitP).getUnit();
Ray shadowRay = new Ray(hit.hitP, L);
// trace shadow ray to light source
// Turn shadows on and shadowRay hit nothing
if (!scene.shadows || shadowTrace(shadowRay)) {
double LdN = Math.max(0, hit.normal.dot(L));
if (LdN > 0) {
// -2(-L.N)N + -L
Double3D R = hit.normal.sMult(-2 * hit.normal.dot(L.sMult(-1))).plus(L.sMult(-1));
double RdV = Math.max(0, -R.dot(ray.dir));
// If the light is free add the diffuse light
// Intensity (Kd * (LdN) + Ks *(RdV)^(shiny)/(r + k)
color.plus(
new DoubleColor(
(double)
(lights[i].diffuse[0] * LdN
+ lights[i].specular[0] * Math.pow(RdV, material.shiny))
/ d,
(double)
(lights[i].diffuse[1] * LdN
+ lights[i].specular[1] * Math.pow(RdV, material.shiny))
/ d,
(double)
(lights[i].diffuse[2] * LdN
+ lights[i].specular[2] * Math.pow(RdV, material.shiny))
/ d,
1.0)); // */
} // if(LdN > 0)
} // if(!scene.shadows || shadowTrace(shadowRay))
} // if(lights[i].lightSwitch == 1){
} // for
// Shiny Phong
// If IdN > 0 then we find a reflection
// If IdN < 0 then we need -normal
if (scene.reflections
&& (material.reflectivity.r > 0
|| material.reflectivity.g > 0
|| material.reflectivity.b > 0)) {
depth++;
// R = I - 2 * (I.N)N
Double3D R = new Double3D();
Double3D I = ray.dir; // .sMult(-1.0);
Double3D N = hit.normal;
// double IdN = I.dot(N);
// if (IdN > 0){
// N = N.sMult(-1.0);
// IdN = -I.dot(N);
// }//*/
R = I.plus(N.sMult(-2.0 * I.dot(N)));
Ray reflect = new Ray(hit.hitP, R);
DoubleColor reflection = trace(reflect);
// Scale by distance?
// reflection.scale( 1 / reflect.origin().distanceTo(hit.hitP));
reflection.r = reflection.r * material.reflectivity.r;
reflection.g = reflection.g * material.reflectivity.g;
reflection.b = reflection.b * material.reflectivity.b;
color.plus(reflection);
depth--;
}
if (scene.refractions
&& (material.refractivity.r > 0
|| material.refractivity.g > 0
|| material.refractivity.b > 0)) // */
{
depth++;
Ray refract = new Ray(hit.hitP, ray.dir);
if (hit.index == ray.r.objectNum) // Hit the object we're already in
{
// Pop the n off the stack
refract.r = ray.r;
// Swap the refraction indices
double temp = refract.r.n;
refract.r.n = refract.r.prevR.n;
refract.r.prevR.n = temp;
} else // Otherwise we hit a new object push this n onto the stack and get mat index
{
refract.r.prevR = ray.r;
refract.r.n = material.refractiveIndex;
refract.r.objectNum = hit.index;
}
if (transmissionDirection(ray, hit, refract)) {
DoubleColor refraction = trace(refract);
refraction.r = refraction.r * material.refractivity.r;
refraction.g = refraction.g * material.refractivity.g;
refraction.b = refraction.b * material.refractivity.b;
// Scale for distance?
color.plus(refraction);
}
depth--;
}
}
return color;
}
// All rays we deal with here are in world coordinates.
// Should take the refractive index of the material it is currently in.
DoubleColor trace(Ray ray) {
DoubleColor color = new DoubleColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
HitRecord hit = new HitRecord();
if (depth > Math.max(DEBUG_recursion, scene.maxRecursiveDepth)) return color;
double tMin = 0.0001;
double tMax = 10000000;
// Spheres only for now
for (int i = 0; i < numObjects; i++)
// Did I hit the bounding sphere for an object?
if (spheres[i].hit(ray, tMin, tMax, 0, hit))
if (scene.spheresOnly) {
for (PMesh.SurfCell s = shapes[i].surfHead; s != null; s = s.next)
for (PMesh.PolyCell poly = s.polyHead; poly != null; poly = poly.next)
// Triangles only for now
if (poly.numVerts == 3) {
Double3D v[] = new Double3D[3];
int j = 0;
for (PMesh.VertListCell vert = poly.vert; vert != null; vert = vert.next)
v[j++] = shapes[i].vertArray.get(vert.vert).viewPos;
// Increment j in the line post access
// Check for a hit on this polygon
if (Triangle.hit(v[0], v[1], v[2], ray, tMin, tMax, 0, hit)) {
tMax = hit.t;
hit.normal = poly.viewNorm;
hit.matIndex = s.material;
hit.index = i;
}
} else
System.out.println(
"Need to intersect polygon with " + poly.numVerts + " vertices.");
} else {
tMax = hit.t;
hit.matIndex = i; // May cause an error if object 10 and it only has 3 materials.
hit.index = i;
}
if (hit.index >= 0) // If it intersects then multi-sample
{
if (!sampled && depth == 0) {
// Only sample once per ray from the main loop
sampled = true;
Double3D dir = ray.dir;
DoubleColor antiAlias = trace(ray);
for (int i = 0; i < samples; i++) {
// Double3D sample = new Double3D(dir.x + imageSamples[i].x, dir.y + imageSamples[i].y,
// dir.z).getUnit();
// ray.dir = sample;
ray.dir.x = dir.x + imageSamples[i].x;
ray.dir.y = dir.y + imageSamples[i].y;
antiAlias.plus(trace(ray));
}
antiAlias.scale(1.0 / (samples + 1.0));
color.plus(antiAlias);
} else if (hit.matIndex < shapes[hit.index].materials.length)
color = shade(ray, hit, shapes[hit.index].materials[hit.matIndex], false);
else
color =
shade(
ray,
hit,
shapes[hit.index].materials[shapes[hit.index].materials.length - 1],
false);
} else // We hit nothing check for intersection with the far clip plane for checker board
// pattern.
if (scene.checkerBackground) color = shade(ray, hit, checkerBackgroundHit(ray, hit), true);
return color;
}