@Override public void modifyParmsForCrossValidationMainModel(ModelBuilder[] cvModelBuilders) { _parms._overwrite_with_best_model = false; if (_parms._stopping_rounds == 0 && _parms._max_runtime_secs == 0) return; // No exciting changes to stopping conditions // Extract stopping conditions from each CV model, and compute the best stopping answer _parms._stopping_rounds = 0; _parms._max_runtime_secs = 0; double sum = 0; for (ModelBuilder cvmb : cvModelBuilders) sum += ((DeepLearningModel) DKV.getGet(cvmb.dest())).last_scored().epoch_counter; _parms._epochs = sum / cvModelBuilders.length; if (!_parms._quiet_mode) { warn( "_epochs", "Setting optimal _epochs to " + _parms._epochs + " for cross-validation main model based on early stopping of cross-validation models."); warn( "_stopping_rounds", "Disabling convergence-based early stopping for cross-validation main model."); warn( "_max_runtime_secs", "Disabling maximum allowed runtime for cross-validation main model."); } }
/** * Train a Deep Learning neural net model * * @param model Input model (e.g., from initModel(), or from a previous training run) * @return Trained model */ public final DeepLearningModel trainModel(DeepLearningModel model) { Frame validScoreFrame = null; Frame train, trainScoreFrame; try { // if (checkpoint == null && !quiet_mode) logStart(); //if checkpoint is given, some // Job's params might be uninitialized (but the restarted model's parameters are correct) if (model == null) { model = DKV.get(dest()).get(); } Log.info( "Model category: " + (_parms._autoencoder ? "Auto-Encoder" : isClassifier() ? "Classification" : "Regression")); final long model_size = model.model_info().size(); Log.info( "Number of model parameters (weights/biases): " + String.format("%,d", model_size)); model.write_lock(_job); _job.update(0, "Setting up training data..."); final DeepLearningParameters mp = model.model_info().get_params(); // temporary frames of the same "name" as the orig _train/_valid (asking the parameter's // Key, not the actual frame) // Note: don't put into DKV or they would overwrite the _train/_valid frames! Frame tra_fr = new Frame(mp._train, _train.names(), _train.vecs()); Frame val_fr = _valid != null ? new Frame(mp._valid, _valid.names(), _valid.vecs()) : null; train = tra_fr; if (model._output.isClassifier() && mp._balance_classes) { _job.update(0, "Balancing class distribution of training data..."); float[] trainSamplingFactors = new float [train .lastVec() .domain() .length]; // leave initialized to 0 -> will be filled up below if (mp._class_sampling_factors != null) { if (mp._class_sampling_factors.length != train.lastVec().domain().length) throw new IllegalArgumentException( "class_sampling_factors must have " + train.lastVec().domain().length + " elements"); trainSamplingFactors = mp._class_sampling_factors.clone(); // clone: don't modify the original } train = sampleFrameStratified( train, train.lastVec(), train.vec(model._output.weightsName()), trainSamplingFactors, (long) (mp._max_after_balance_size * train.numRows()), mp._seed, true, false); Vec l = train.lastVec(); Vec w = train.vec(model._output.weightsName()); MRUtils.ClassDist cd = new MRUtils.ClassDist(l); model._output._modelClassDist = _weights != null ? cd.doAll(l, w).rel_dist() : cd.doAll(l).rel_dist(); } model.training_rows = train.numRows(); if (_weights != null && _weights.min() == 0 && _weights.max() == 1 && _weights.isInt()) { model.training_rows = Math.round(train.numRows() * _weights.mean()); Log.warn( "Not counting " + (train.numRows() - model.training_rows) + " rows with weight=0 towards an epoch."); } Log.info("One epoch corresponds to " + model.training_rows + " training data rows."); trainScoreFrame = sampleFrame( train, mp._score_training_samples, mp._seed); // training scoring dataset is always sampled uniformly from the training // dataset if (trainScoreFrame != train) Scope.track(trainScoreFrame); if (!_parms._quiet_mode) Log.info("Number of chunks of the training data: " + train.anyVec().nChunks()); if (val_fr != null) { model.validation_rows = val_fr.numRows(); // validation scoring dataset can be sampled in multiple ways from the given validation // dataset if (model._output.isClassifier() && mp._balance_classes && mp._score_validation_sampling == DeepLearningParameters.ClassSamplingMethod.Stratified) { _job.update(0, "Sampling validation data (stratified)..."); validScoreFrame = sampleFrameStratified( val_fr, val_fr.lastVec(), val_fr.vec(model._output.weightsName()), null, mp._score_validation_samples > 0 ? mp._score_validation_samples : val_fr.numRows(), mp._seed + 1, false /* no oversampling */, false); } else { _job.update(0, "Sampling validation data..."); validScoreFrame = sampleFrame(val_fr, mp._score_validation_samples, mp._seed + 1); if (validScoreFrame != val_fr) Scope.track(validScoreFrame); } if (!_parms._quiet_mode) Log.info( "Number of chunks of the validation data: " + validScoreFrame.anyVec().nChunks()); } // Set train_samples_per_iteration size (cannot be done earlier since this depends on // whether stratified sampling is done) model.actual_train_samples_per_iteration = computeTrainSamplesPerIteration(mp, model.training_rows, model); // Determine whether shuffling is enforced if (mp._replicate_training_data && (model.actual_train_samples_per_iteration == model.training_rows * (mp._single_node_mode ? 1 : H2O.CLOUD.size())) && !mp._shuffle_training_data && H2O.CLOUD.size() > 1 && !mp._reproducible) { if (!mp._quiet_mode) Log.info( "Enabling training data shuffling, because all nodes train on the full dataset (replicated training data)."); mp._shuffle_training_data = true; } if (!mp._shuffle_training_data && model.actual_train_samples_per_iteration == model.training_rows && train.anyVec().nChunks() == 1) { if (!mp._quiet_mode) Log.info( "Enabling training data shuffling to avoid training rows in the same order over and over (no Hogwild since there's only 1 chunk)."); mp._shuffle_training_data = true; } // if (!mp._quiet_mode) Log.info("Initial model:\n" + model.model_info()); long now = System.currentTimeMillis(); model._timeLastIterationEnter = now; if (_parms._autoencoder) { _job.update(0, "Scoring null model of autoencoder..."); if (!mp._quiet_mode) Log.info("Scoring the null model of the autoencoder."); model.doScoring( trainScoreFrame, validScoreFrame, _job._key, 0, false); // get the null model reconstruction error } // put the initial version of the model into DKV model.update(_job); model.total_setup_time_ms += now - _job.start_time(); Log.info("Total setup time: " + PrettyPrint.msecs(model.total_setup_time_ms, true)); Log.info("Starting to train the Deep Learning model."); _job.update(0, "Training..."); // main loop for (; ; ) { model.iterations++; model.set_model_info( mp._epochs == 0 ? model.model_info() : H2O.CLOUD.size() > 1 && mp._replicate_training_data ? (mp._single_node_mode ? new DeepLearningTask2( _job._key, train, model.model_info(), rowFraction(train, mp, model), model.iterations) .doAll(Key.make(H2O.SELF)) .model_info() : // replicated data + single node mode new DeepLearningTask2( _job._key, train, model.model_info(), rowFraction(train, mp, model), model.iterations) .doAllNodes() .model_info()) : // replicated data + multi-node mode new DeepLearningTask( _job._key, model.model_info(), rowFraction(train, mp, model), model.iterations) .doAll(train) .model_info()); // distributed data (always in multi-node mode) if (stop_requested() && !timeout()) break; // cancellation if (!model.doScoring( trainScoreFrame, validScoreFrame, _job._key, model.iterations, false)) break; // finished training (or early stopping or convergence) if (timeout()) break; // stop after scoring } // replace the model with the best model so far (if it's better) if (!stop_requested() && _parms._overwrite_with_best_model && model.actual_best_model_key != null && _parms._nfolds == 0) { DeepLearningModel best_model = DKV.getGet(model.actual_best_model_key); if (best_model != null && best_model.loss() < model.loss() && Arrays.equals(best_model.model_info().units, model.model_info().units)) { if (!_parms._quiet_mode) Log.info("Setting the model to be the best model so far (based on scoring history)."); DeepLearningModelInfo mi = best_model.model_info().deep_clone(); // Don't cheat - count full amount of training samples, since that's the amount of // training it took to train (without finding anything better) mi.set_processed_global(model.model_info().get_processed_global()); mi.set_processed_local(model.model_info().get_processed_local()); model.set_model_info(mi); model.update(_job); model.doScoring(trainScoreFrame, validScoreFrame, _job._key, model.iterations, true); assert (best_model.loss() == model.loss()); } } // store coefficient names for future use // possibly change model.model_info().data_info().coefNames(); if (!_parms._quiet_mode) { Log.info( "=============================================================================================================================================================================="); if (stop_requested()) { Log.info("Deep Learning model training was interrupted."); } else { Log.info("Finished training the Deep Learning model."); Log.info(model); } Log.info( "=============================================================================================================================================================================="); } } finally { if (model != null) { model.deleteElasticAverageModels(); model.unlock(_job); if (model.actual_best_model_key != null) { assert (model.actual_best_model_key != model._key); DKV.remove(model.actual_best_model_key); } } } return model; }
/** * Train a Deep Learning model, assumes that all members are populated If checkpoint == null, * then start training a new model, otherwise continue from a checkpoint */ public final void buildModel() { DeepLearningModel cp = null; if (_parms._checkpoint == null) { cp = new DeepLearningModel( dest(), _parms, new DeepLearningModel.DeepLearningModelOutput(DeepLearning.this), _train, _valid, nclasses()); cp.model_info().initializeMembers(); } else { final DeepLearningModel previous = DKV.getGet(_parms._checkpoint); if (previous == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Checkpoint not found."); Log.info("Resuming from checkpoint."); _job.update(0, "Resuming from checkpoint"); if (isClassifier() != previous._output.isClassifier()) throw new H2OIllegalArgumentException( "Response type must be the same as for the checkpointed model."); if (isSupervised() != previous._output.isSupervised()) throw new H2OIllegalArgumentException( "Model type must be the same as for the checkpointed model."); // check the user-given arguments for consistency DeepLearningParameters oldP = previous._parms; // sanitized parameters for checkpointed model DeepLearningParameters newP = _parms; // user-given parameters for restart DeepLearningParameters oldP2 = (DeepLearningParameters) oldP.clone(); DeepLearningParameters newP2 = (DeepLearningParameters) newP.clone(); DeepLearningParameters.Sanity.modifyParms( oldP, oldP2, nclasses()); // sanitize the user-given parameters DeepLearningParameters.Sanity.modifyParms( newP, newP2, nclasses()); // sanitize the user-given parameters DeepLearningParameters.Sanity.checkpoint(oldP2, newP2); DataInfo dinfo; try { // PUBDEV-2513: Adapt _train and _valid (in-place) to match the frames that were used for // the previous model // This can add or remove dummy columns (can happen if the dataset is sparse and datasets // have different non-const columns) for (String st : previous.adaptTestForTrain(_train, true, false)) Log.warn(st); for (String st : previous.adaptTestForTrain(_valid, true, false)) Log.warn(st); dinfo = makeDataInfo(_train, _valid, _parms, nclasses()); DKV.put(dinfo); cp = new DeepLearningModel(dest(), _parms, previous, false, dinfo); cp.write_lock(_job); if (!Arrays.equals(cp._output._names, previous._output._names)) { throw new H2OIllegalArgumentException( "The columns of the training data must be the same as for the checkpointed model. Check ignored columns (or disable ignore_const_cols)."); } if (!Arrays.deepEquals(cp._output._domains, previous._output._domains)) { throw new H2OIllegalArgumentException( "Categorical factor levels of the training data must be the same as for the checkpointed model."); } if (dinfo.fullN() != previous.model_info().data_info().fullN()) { throw new H2OIllegalArgumentException( "Total number of predictors is different than for the checkpointed model."); } if (_parms._epochs <= previous.epoch_counter) { throw new H2OIllegalArgumentException( "Total number of epochs must be larger than the number of epochs already trained for the checkpointed model (" + previous.epoch_counter + ")."); } // these are the mutable parameters that are to be used by the model (stored in // model_info._parms) final DeepLearningParameters actualNewP = cp.model_info() .get_params(); // actually used parameters for model building (defaults filled in, // etc.) assert (actualNewP != previous.model_info().get_params()); assert (actualNewP != newP); assert (actualNewP != oldP); DeepLearningParameters.Sanity.update(actualNewP, newP, nclasses()); Log.info( "Continuing training after " + String.format("%.3f", previous.epoch_counter) + " epochs from the checkpointed model."); cp.update(_job); } catch (H2OIllegalArgumentException ex) { if (cp != null) { cp.unlock(_job); cp.delete(); cp = null; } throw ex; } finally { if (cp != null) cp.unlock(_job); } } trainModel(cp); // clean up, but don't delete weights and biases if user asked for export List<Key> keep = new ArrayList<>(); try { if (_parms._export_weights_and_biases && cp._output.weights != null && cp._output.biases != null) { for (Key k : Arrays.asList(cp._output.weights)) { keep.add(k); for (Vec vk : ((Frame) DKV.getGet(k)).vecs()) { keep.add(vk._key); } } for (Key k : Arrays.asList(cp._output.biases)) { keep.add(k); for (Vec vk : ((Frame) DKV.getGet(k)).vecs()) { keep.add(vk._key); } } } } finally { Scope.exit(keep.toArray(new Key[keep.size()])); } }
// Main worker thread @Override protected void compute2() { KMeansModel model = null; try { init(true); // Do lock even before checking the errors, since this block is finalized by unlock // (not the best solution, but the code is more readable) _parms.read_lock_frames(KMeans.this); // Fetch & read-lock input frames // Something goes wrong if (error_count() > 0) throw H2OModelBuilderIllegalArgumentException.makeFromBuilder(KMeans.this); // The model to be built model = new KMeansModel(dest(), _parms, new KMeansModel.KMeansOutput(KMeans.this)); model.delete_and_lock(_key); // final Vec vecs[] = _train.vecs(); // mults & means for standardization final double[] means = _train.means(); // means are used to impute NAs final double[] mults = _parms._standardize ? _train.mults() : null; final int[] impute_cat = new int[vecs.length]; for (int i = 0; i < vecs.length; i++) impute_cat[i] = vecs[i].isNumeric() ? -1 : DataInfo.imputeCat(vecs[i]); model._output._normSub = means; model._output._normMul = mults; // Initialize cluster centers and standardize if requested double[][] centers = initial_centers(model, vecs, means, mults, impute_cat); if (centers == null) return; // Stopped/cancelled during center-finding double[][] oldCenters = null; // --- // Run the main KMeans Clustering loop // Stop after enough iterations or average_change < TOLERANCE model._output._iterations = 0; // Loop ends only when iterations > max_iterations with strict inequality while (!isDone(model, centers, oldCenters)) { Lloyds task = new Lloyds(centers, means, mults, impute_cat, _isCats, _parms._k, hasWeightCol()) .doAll(vecs); // Pick the max categorical level for cluster center max_cats(task._cMeans, task._cats, _isCats); // Handle the case where some centers go dry. Rescue only 1 cluster // per iteration ('cause we only tracked the 1 worst row) if (cleanupBadClusters(task, vecs, centers, means, mults, impute_cat)) continue; // Compute model stats; update standardized cluster centers oldCenters = centers; centers = computeStatsFillModel(task, model, vecs, means, mults, impute_cat); model.update(_key); // Update model in K/V store update(1); // One unit of work if (model._parms._score_each_iteration) Log.info(model._output._model_summary); } Log.info(model._output._model_summary); // Log.info(model._output._scoring_history); // // Log.info(((ModelMetricsClustering)model._output._training_metrics).createCentroidStatsTable().toString()); // At the end: validation scoring (no need to gather scoring history) if (_valid != null) { model.score(_parms.valid()).delete(); // this appends a ModelMetrics on the validation set model._output._validation_metrics = ModelMetrics.getFromDKV(model, _parms.valid()); model.update(_key); // Update model in K/V store } done(); // Job done! } catch (Throwable t) { Job thisJob = DKV.getGet(_key); if (thisJob._state == JobState.CANCELLED) { Log.info("Job cancelled by user."); } else { t.printStackTrace(); failed(t); throw t; } } finally { updateModelOutput(); if (model != null) model.unlock(_key); _parms.read_unlock_frames(KMeans.this); } tryComplete(); }
@Override public Vec vresponse() { if (_vresponse_key == null) return response(); return _vresponse != null ? _vresponse : (_vresponse = DKV.getGet(_vresponse_key)); }
@Override public Vec response() { return _response == null ? (_response = DKV.getGet(_response_key)) : _response; }
@Override protected void compute2() { _model = null; // Resulting model! try { Scope.enter(); // Cleanup temp keys init(true); // Do any expensive tests & conversions now // Do lock even before checking the errors, since this block is finalized by unlock // (not the best solution, but the code is more readable) _parms.read_lock_frames(SharedTree.this); // Fetch & read-lock input frames if (error_count() > 0) throw H2OModelBuilderIllegalArgumentException.makeFromBuilder(SharedTree.this); // New Model? Or continuing from a checkpoint? if (_parms._checkpoint && DKV.get(_parms._model_id) != null) { _model = DKV.get(_dest).get(); _model.write_lock(_key); // do not delete previous model; we are extending it } else { // New Model // Compute the zero-tree error - guessing only the class distribution. // MSE is stddev squared when guessing for regression. // For classification, guess the largest class. _model = makeModel( _dest, _parms, initial_MSE(_response, _response), _valid == null ? Double.NaN : initial_MSE(_response, _vresponse)); // Make a fresh model _model.delete_and_lock(_key); // and clear & write-lock it (smashing any prior) _model._output._init_f = _initialPrediction; } // Compute the response domain; makes for nicer printouts String[] domain = _response.domain(); assert (_nclass > 1 && domain != null) || (_nclass == 1 && domain == null); if (_nclass == 1) domain = new String[] {"r"}; // For regression, give a name to class 0 // Compute class distribution, used to for initial guesses and to // upsample minority classes (if asked for). if (_nclass > 1) { // Classification? // Handle imbalanced classes by stratified over/under-sampling. // initWorkFrame sets the modeled class distribution, and // model.score() corrects the probabilities back using the // distribution ratios if (_model._output.isClassifier() && _parms._balance_classes) { float[] trainSamplingFactors = new float [_train .lastVec() .domain() .length]; // leave initialized to 0 -> will be filled up below if (_parms._class_sampling_factors != null) { if (_parms._class_sampling_factors.length != _train.lastVec().domain().length) throw new IllegalArgumentException( "class_sampling_factors must have " + _train.lastVec().domain().length + " elements"); trainSamplingFactors = _parms._class_sampling_factors.clone(); // clone: don't modify the original } Frame stratified = water.util.MRUtils.sampleFrameStratified( _train, _train.lastVec(), _train.vec(_model._output.weightsName()), trainSamplingFactors, (long) (_parms._max_after_balance_size * _train.numRows()), _parms._seed, true, false); if (stratified != _train) { _train = stratified; _response = stratified.vec(_parms._response_column); _weights = stratified.vec(_parms._weights_column); // Recompute distribution since the input frame was modified MRUtils.ClassDist cdmt2 = _weights != null ? new MRUtils.ClassDist(_nclass).doAll(_response, _weights) : new MRUtils.ClassDist(_nclass).doAll(_response); _model._output._distribution = cdmt2.dist(); _model._output._modelClassDist = cdmt2.rel_dist(); } } Log.info("Prior class distribution: " + Arrays.toString(_model._output._priorClassDist)); Log.info("Model class distribution: " + Arrays.toString(_model._output._modelClassDist)); } // Also add to the basic working Frame these sets: // nclass Vecs of current forest results (sum across all trees) // nclass Vecs of working/temp data // nclass Vecs of NIDs, allowing 1 tree per class // Current forest values: results of summing the prior M trees for (int i = 0; i < _nclass; i++) _train.add("Tree_" + domain[i], _response.makeZero()); // Initial work columns. Set-before-use in the algos. for (int i = 0; i < _nclass; i++) _train.add("Work_" + domain[i], _response.makeZero()); // One Tree per class, each tree needs a NIDs. For empty classes use a -1 // NID signifying an empty regression tree. for (int i = 0; i < _nclass; i++) _train.add( "NIDs_" + domain[i], _response.makeCon( _model._output._distribution == null ? 0 : (_model._output._distribution[i] == 0 ? -1 : 0))); // Tag out rows missing the response column new ExcludeNAResponse().doAll(_train); // Variable importance: squared-error-improvement-per-variable-per-split _improvPerVar = new float[_ncols]; // Sub-class tree-model-builder specific build code buildModel(); done(); // Job done! } catch (Throwable t) { Job thisJob = DKV.getGet(_key); if (thisJob._state == JobState.CANCELLED) { Log.info("Job cancelled by user."); } else { t.printStackTrace(); failed(t); throw t; } } finally { if (_model != null) _model.unlock(_key); _parms.read_unlock_frames(SharedTree.this); if (_model == null) Scope.exit(); else { Scope.exit( _model._key, ModelMetrics.buildKey(_model, _parms.train()), ModelMetrics.buildKey(_model, _parms.valid())); } } tryComplete(); }
@Override protected void compute2() { CoxPHModel model = null; try { Scope.enter(); _parms.read_lock_frames(CoxPH.this); init(true); applyScoringFrameSideEffects(); // The model to be built model = new CoxPHModel(dest(), _parms, new CoxPHModel.CoxPHOutput(CoxPH.this)); model.delete_and_lock(_key); applyTrainingFrameSideEffects(); int nResponses = 1; boolean useAllFactorLevels = false; final DataInfo dinfo = new DataInfo( Key.make(), _modelBuilderTrain, null, nResponses, useAllFactorLevels, DataInfo.TransformType.DEMEAN, TransformType.NONE, true, false, false, false, false, false); initStats(model, dinfo); final int n_offsets = (model._parms.offset_columns == null) ? 0 : model._parms.offset_columns.length; final int n_coef = dinfo.fullN() - n_offsets; final double[] step = MemoryManager.malloc8d(n_coef); final double[] oldCoef = MemoryManager.malloc8d(n_coef); final double[] newCoef = MemoryManager.malloc8d(n_coef); Arrays.fill(step, Double.NaN); Arrays.fill(oldCoef, Double.NaN); for (int j = 0; j < n_coef; ++j) newCoef[j] = model._parms.init; double oldLoglik = -Double.MAX_VALUE; final int n_time = (int) (model._output.max_time - model._output.min_time + 1); final boolean has_start_column = (model._parms.start_column != null); final boolean has_weights_column = (model._parms.weights_column != null); for (int i = 0; i <= model._parms.iter_max; ++i) { model._output.iter = i; final CoxPHTask coxMR = new CoxPHTask( self(), dinfo, newCoef, model._output.min_time, n_time, n_offsets, has_start_column, has_weights_column) .doAll(dinfo._adaptedFrame); final double newLoglik = calcLoglik(model, coxMR); if (newLoglik > oldLoglik) { if (i == 0) calcCounts(model, coxMR); calcModelStats(model, newCoef, newLoglik); calcCumhaz_0(model, coxMR); if (newLoglik == 0) model._output.lre = -Math.log10(Math.abs(oldLoglik - newLoglik)); else model._output.lre = -Math.log10(Math.abs((oldLoglik - newLoglik) / newLoglik)); if (model._output.lre >= model._parms.lre_min) break; Arrays.fill(step, 0); for (int j = 0; j < n_coef; ++j) for (int k = 0; k < n_coef; ++k) step[j] -= model._output.var_coef[j][k] * model._output.gradient[k]; for (int j = 0; j < n_coef; ++j) if (Double.isNaN(step[j]) || Double.isInfinite(step[j])) break; oldLoglik = newLoglik; System.arraycopy(newCoef, 0, oldCoef, 0, oldCoef.length); } else { for (int j = 0; j < n_coef; ++j) step[j] /= 2; } for (int j = 0; j < n_coef; ++j) newCoef[j] = oldCoef[j] - step[j]; } model.update(_key); } catch (Throwable t) { Job thisJob = DKV.getGet(_key); if (thisJob._state == JobState.CANCELLED) { Log.info("Job cancelled by user."); } else { t.printStackTrace(); failed(t); throw t; } } finally { updateModelOutput(); _parms.read_unlock_frames(CoxPH.this); Scope.exit(); done(); // Job done! } tryComplete(); }