/**
* Calculates the present value sensitivity of the swaption product.
*
* <p>The present value sensitivity of the product is the sensitivity of the present value to the
* underlying curves.
*
* @param swaption the swaption product
* @param ratesProvider the rates provider
* @param volatilityProvider the normal volatility provider
* @return the present value curve sensitivity of the swap product
*/
public PointSensitivityBuilder presentValueSensitivityStickyStrike(
SwaptionProduct swaption,
RatesProvider ratesProvider,
NormalVolatilitySwaptionProvider volatilityProvider) {
ExpandedSwaption expanded = swaption.expand();
validate(ratesProvider, expanded, volatilityProvider);
ZonedDateTime expiryDateTime = expanded.getExpiryDateTime();
double expiry = volatilityProvider.relativeTime(expiryDateTime);
ExpandedSwap underlying = expanded.getUnderlying();
ExpandedSwapLeg fixedLeg = fixedLeg(underlying);
if (expiry < 0.0d) { // Option has expired already
return PointSensitivityBuilder.none();
}
double forward = swapPricer.parRate(underlying, ratesProvider);
double pvbp = swapPricer.getLegPricer().pvbp(fixedLeg, ratesProvider);
double strike = swapPricer.getLegPricer().couponEquivalent(fixedLeg, ratesProvider, pvbp);
double tenor = volatilityProvider.tenor(fixedLeg.getStartDate(), fixedLeg.getEndDate());
double volatility = volatilityProvider.getVolatility(expiryDateTime, tenor, strike, forward);
NormalFunctionData normalData = NormalFunctionData.of(forward, 1.0d, volatility);
boolean isCall = (fixedLeg.getPayReceive() == PayReceive.PAY);
// Payer at strike is exercise when rate > strike, i.e. call on rate
EuropeanVanillaOption option =
EuropeanVanillaOption.of(strike, expiry, isCall ? PutCall.CALL : PutCall.PUT);
// option required to pass the strike (in case the swap has non-constant coupon).
// Backward sweep
PointSensitivityBuilder pvbpDr =
swapPricer.getLegPricer().pvbpSensitivity(fixedLeg, ratesProvider);
PointSensitivityBuilder forwardDr = swapPricer.parRateSensitivity(underlying, ratesProvider);
ValueDerivatives pv = NORMAL.getPriceAdjoint(option, normalData);
double sign = (expanded.getLongShort() == LongShort.LONG) ? 1.0 : -1.0;
return pvbpDr
.multipliedBy(pv.getValue() * sign * Math.signum(pvbp))
.combinedWith(forwardDr.multipliedBy(pv.getDerivative(0) * Math.abs(pvbp) * sign));
}
/**
* Calculates the present value of the swaption product.
*
* <p>The result is expressed using the currency of the swapion.
*
* @param swaption the product to price
* @param ratesProvider the rates provider
* @param volatilityProvider the normal volatility provider
* @return the present value of the swaption product
*/
public CurrencyAmount presentValue(
SwaptionProduct swaption,
RatesProvider ratesProvider,
NormalVolatilitySwaptionProvider volatilityProvider) {
ExpandedSwaption expanded = swaption.expand();
validate(ratesProvider, expanded, volatilityProvider);
ZonedDateTime expiryDateTime = expanded.getExpiryDateTime();
double expiry = volatilityProvider.relativeTime(expiryDateTime);
ExpandedSwap underlying = expanded.getUnderlying();
ExpandedSwapLeg fixedLeg = fixedLeg(underlying);
if (expiry < 0.0d) { // Option has expired already
return CurrencyAmount.of(fixedLeg.getCurrency(), 0.0d);
}
double forward = swapPricer.parRate(underlying, ratesProvider);
double pvbp = swapPricer.getLegPricer().pvbp(fixedLeg, ratesProvider);
double strike = swapPricer.getLegPricer().couponEquivalent(fixedLeg, ratesProvider, pvbp);
double tenor = volatilityProvider.tenor(fixedLeg.getStartDate(), fixedLeg.getEndDate());
double volatility = volatilityProvider.getVolatility(expiryDateTime, tenor, strike, forward);
NormalFunctionData normalData = NormalFunctionData.of(forward, Math.abs(pvbp), volatility);
boolean isCall = (fixedLeg.getPayReceive() == PayReceive.PAY);
// Payer at strike is exercise when rate > strike, i.e. call on rate
EuropeanVanillaOption option =
EuropeanVanillaOption.of(strike, expiry, isCall ? PutCall.CALL : PutCall.PUT);
// option required to pass the strike (in case the swap has non-constant coupon).
Function1D<NormalFunctionData, Double> func = NORMAL.getPriceFunction(option);
double pv =
func.evaluate(normalData) * ((expanded.getLongShort() == LongShort.LONG) ? 1.0 : -1.0);
return CurrencyAmount.of(fixedLeg.getCurrency(), pv);
}
private void testVolatilityAdjoint(
double forward,
EuropeanVanillaOption optionData,
SabrFormulaData sabrData,
double eps,
double tol) {
double volatility =
FUNCTION.getVolatility(
forward, optionData.getStrike(), optionData.getTimeToExpiry(), sabrData);
double[] volatilityAdjoint =
toArray(
FUNCTION.getVolatilityAdjoint(
forward, optionData.getStrike(), optionData.getTimeToExpiry(), sabrData));
assertEquals(volatility, volatilityAdjoint[0], tol);
assertEqualsRelTol(
"Forward Sensitivity" + sabrData.toString(),
fdSensitivity(optionData, forward, sabrData, SabrParameter.Forward, eps),
volatilityAdjoint[1],
tol);
assertEqualsRelTol(
"Strike Sensitivity" + sabrData.toString(),
fdSensitivity(optionData, forward, sabrData, SabrParameter.Strike, eps),
volatilityAdjoint[2],
tol);
assertEqualsRelTol(
"Alpha Sensitivity" + sabrData.toString(),
fdSensitivity(optionData, forward, sabrData, SabrParameter.Alpha, eps),
volatilityAdjoint[3],
tol);
assertEqualsRelTol(
"Beta Sensitivity" + sabrData.toString(),
fdSensitivity(optionData, forward, sabrData, SabrParameter.Beta, eps),
volatilityAdjoint[4],
tol);
assertEqualsRelTol(
"Rho Sensitivity" + sabrData.toString(),
fdSensitivity(optionData, forward, sabrData, SabrParameter.Rho, eps),
volatilityAdjoint[5],
tol);
assertEqualsRelTol(
"Nu Sensitivity" + sabrData.toString(),
fdSensitivity(optionData, forward, sabrData, SabrParameter.Nu, eps),
volatilityAdjoint[6],
tol);
}
private EuropeanVanillaOption withStrike(EuropeanVanillaOption option, double strike) {
return EuropeanVanillaOption.of(strike, option.getTimeToExpiry(), option.getPutCall());
}
@SuppressWarnings("null")
private double fdSensitivity(
EuropeanVanillaOption optionData,
double forward,
SabrFormulaData sabrData,
SabrParameter param,
double delta) {
Function<SabrFormulaData, Double> funcC = null;
Function<SabrFormulaData, Double> funcB = null;
Function<SabrFormulaData, Double> funcA = null;
SabrFormulaData dataC = null;
SabrFormulaData dataB = sabrData;
SabrFormulaData dataA = null;
Function<SabrFormulaData, Double> func = getVolatilityFunction(optionData, forward);
FiniteDifferenceType fdType = null;
switch (param) {
case Strike:
double strike = optionData.getStrike();
if (strike >= delta) {
fdType = FiniteDifferenceType.CENTRAL;
funcA = getVolatilityFunction(withStrike(optionData, strike - delta), forward);
funcC = getVolatilityFunction(withStrike(optionData, strike + delta), forward);
} else {
fdType = FiniteDifferenceType.FORWARD;
funcA = func;
funcB = getVolatilityFunction(withStrike(optionData, strike + delta), forward);
funcC = getVolatilityFunction(withStrike(optionData, strike + 2 * delta), forward);
}
dataC = sabrData;
dataB = sabrData;
dataA = sabrData;
break;
case Forward:
if (forward > delta) {
fdType = FiniteDifferenceType.CENTRAL;
funcA = getVolatilityFunction(optionData, forward - delta);
funcC = getVolatilityFunction(optionData, forward + delta);
} else {
fdType = FiniteDifferenceType.FORWARD;
funcA = func;
funcB = getVolatilityFunction(optionData, forward + delta);
funcC = getVolatilityFunction(optionData, forward + 2 * delta);
}
dataC = sabrData;
dataB = sabrData;
dataA = sabrData;
break;
case Alpha:
double a = sabrData.getAlpha();
if (a >= delta) {
fdType = FiniteDifferenceType.CENTRAL;
dataA = sabrData.withAlpha(a - delta);
dataC = sabrData.withAlpha(a + delta);
} else {
fdType = FiniteDifferenceType.FORWARD;
dataA = sabrData;
dataB = sabrData.withAlpha(a + delta);
dataC = sabrData.withAlpha(a + 2 * delta);
}
funcC = func;
funcB = func;
funcA = func;
break;
case Beta:
double b = sabrData.getBeta();
if (b >= delta) {
fdType = FiniteDifferenceType.CENTRAL;
dataA = sabrData.withBeta(b - delta);
dataC = sabrData.withBeta(b + delta);
} else {
fdType = FiniteDifferenceType.FORWARD;
dataA = sabrData;
dataB = sabrData.withBeta(b + delta);
dataC = sabrData.withBeta(b + 2 * delta);
}
funcC = func;
funcB = func;
funcA = func;
break;
case Nu:
double n = sabrData.getNu();
if (n >= delta) {
fdType = FiniteDifferenceType.CENTRAL;
dataA = sabrData.withNu(n - delta);
dataC = sabrData.withNu(n + delta);
} else {
fdType = FiniteDifferenceType.FORWARD;
dataA = sabrData;
dataB = sabrData.withNu(n + delta);
dataC = sabrData.withNu(n + 2 * delta);
}
funcC = func;
funcB = func;
funcA = func;
break;
case Rho:
double r = sabrData.getRho();
if ((r + 1) < delta) {
fdType = FiniteDifferenceType.FORWARD;
dataA = sabrData;
dataB = sabrData.withRho(r + delta);
dataC = sabrData.withRho(r + 2 * delta);
} else if ((1 - r) < delta) {
fdType = FiniteDifferenceType.BACKWARD;
dataA = sabrData.withRho(r - 2 * delta);
dataB = sabrData.withRho(r - delta);
dataC = sabrData;
} else {
fdType = FiniteDifferenceType.CENTRAL;
dataC = sabrData.withRho(r + delta);
dataA = sabrData.withRho(r - delta);
}
funcC = func;
funcB = func;
funcA = func;
break;
default:
throw new MathException("enum not found");
}
if (fdType != null) {
switch (fdType) {
case FORWARD:
return (-1.5 * funcA.apply(dataA) + 2.0 * funcB.apply(dataB) - 0.5 * funcC.apply(dataC))
/ delta;
case BACKWARD:
return (0.5 * funcA.apply(dataA) - 2.0 * funcB.apply(dataB) + 1.5 * funcC.apply(dataC))
/ delta;
case CENTRAL:
return (funcC.apply(dataC) - funcA.apply(dataA)) / 2.0 / delta;
default:
throw new MathException("enum not found");
}
}
throw new MathException("enum not found");
}
private void volatilityAdjoint2ForInstrument(
EuropeanVanillaOption option, double tolerance1, double tolerance2) {
// vol
double volatility =
FUNCTION.getVolatility(F, option.getStrike(), option.getTimeToExpiry(), DATA);
double[] volatilityAdjoint =
toArray(
FUNCTION.getVolatilityAdjoint(F, option.getStrike(), option.getTimeToExpiry(), DATA));
double[] volD = new double[6];
double[][] volD2 = new double[2][2];
double vol =
FUNCTION.getVolatilityAdjoint2(
F, option.getStrike(), option.getTimeToExpiry(), DATA, volD, volD2);
assertEquals(volatility, vol, tolerance1);
// Derivative
for (int loopder = 0; loopder < 6; loopder++) {
assertEquals(volatilityAdjoint[loopder + 1], volD[loopder], tolerance1);
}
// Derivative forward-forward
double deltaF = 0.000001;
double volatilityFP =
FUNCTION.getVolatility(F + deltaF, option.getStrike(), option.getTimeToExpiry(), DATA);
double volatilityFM =
FUNCTION.getVolatility(F - deltaF, option.getStrike(), option.getTimeToExpiry(), DATA);
double derivativeFF_FD = (volatilityFP + volatilityFM - 2 * volatility) / (deltaF * deltaF);
assertEquals(derivativeFF_FD, volD2[0][0], tolerance2);
// Derivative strike-strike
double deltaK = 0.000001;
double volatilityKP =
FUNCTION.getVolatility(F, option.getStrike() + deltaK, option.getTimeToExpiry(), DATA);
double volatilityKM =
FUNCTION.getVolatility(F, option.getStrike() - deltaK, option.getTimeToExpiry(), DATA);
double derivativeKK_FD = (volatilityKP + volatilityKM - 2 * volatility) / (deltaK * deltaK);
assertEquals(derivativeKK_FD, volD2[1][1], tolerance2);
// Derivative strike-forward
double volatilityFPKP =
FUNCTION.getVolatility(
F + deltaF, option.getStrike() + deltaK, option.getTimeToExpiry(), DATA);
double derivativeFK_FD =
(volatilityFPKP + volatility - volatilityFP - volatilityKP) / (deltaF * deltaK);
assertEquals(derivativeFK_FD, volD2[0][1], tolerance2);
assertEquals(volD2[0][1], volD2[1][0], 1E-6);
}
/** Test {@link SabrHaganVolatilityFunctionProvider}. */
@Test
public class SabrHaganVolatilityFunctionProviderTest
extends SabrVolatilityFunctionProviderTestCase {
private static ProbabilityDistribution<Double> NORMAL =
new NormalDistribution(0d, 1d, new MersenneTwister64(MersenneTwister.DEFAULT_SEED));
private static SabrHaganVolatilityFunctionProvider FUNCTION =
SabrHaganVolatilityFunctionProvider.DEFAULT;
private static final double ALPHA = 0.05;
private static final double BETA = 0.50;
private static final double RHO = -0.25;
private static final double NU = 0.4;
private static final double F = 0.05;
private static final SabrFormulaData DATA = SabrFormulaData.of(ALPHA, BETA, RHO, NU);
private static final double T = 4.5;
private static final double STRIKE_ITM = 0.0450;
private static final double STRIKE_OTM = 0.0550;
private static EuropeanVanillaOption CALL_ATM = EuropeanVanillaOption.of(F, T, CALL);
private static EuropeanVanillaOption CALL_ITM = EuropeanVanillaOption.of(STRIKE_ITM, T, CALL);
private static EuropeanVanillaOption CALL_OTM = EuropeanVanillaOption.of(STRIKE_OTM, T, CALL);
@Override
protected VolatilityFunctionProvider<SabrFormulaData> getFunction() {
return FUNCTION;
}
@Test
/**
* Test if the Hagan volatility function implementation around ATM is numerically stable enough
* (the finite difference slope should be small enough).
*/
public void testATMSmoothness() {
double timeToExpiry = 1;
double alpha = 0.05;
double beta = 0.5;
double nu = 0.50;
double rho = -0.25;
int nbPoints = 100;
double forward = 0.05;
double[] sabrVolatilty = new double[2 * nbPoints + 1];
double range = 5E-9;
double strike[] = new double[2 * nbPoints + 1];
for (int looppts = -nbPoints; looppts <= nbPoints; looppts++) {
strike[looppts + nbPoints] = forward + ((double) looppts) / nbPoints * range;
SabrFormulaData SabrData = SabrFormulaData.of(alpha, beta, rho, nu);
sabrVolatilty[looppts + nbPoints] =
FUNCTION.getVolatility(forward, strike[looppts + nbPoints], timeToExpiry, SabrData);
}
for (int looppts = -nbPoints; looppts < nbPoints; looppts++) {
assertTrue(
Math.abs(sabrVolatilty[looppts + nbPoints + 1] - sabrVolatilty[looppts + nbPoints])
/ (strike[looppts + nbPoints + 1] - strike[looppts + nbPoints])
< 20.0);
}
}
@Test
/**
* Tests the first order adjoint derivatives for the SABR Hagan volatility function. The
* derivatives with respect to the forward, strike, alpha, beta, rho and nu are provided.
*/
public void testVolatilityAdjointDebug() {
double eps = 1e-6;
double tol = 1e-5;
testVolatilityAdjoint(F, CALL_ATM, DATA, eps, tol);
testVolatilityAdjoint(F, CALL_ITM, DATA, eps, tol);
testVolatilityAdjoint(F, CALL_OTM, DATA, eps, tol);
}
/**
* Test small strike edge case. Vol -> infinity as strike -> 0, so the strike is floored - tested
* against finite difference below this floor will give spurious results
*/
@Test
public void testVolatilityAdjointSmallStrike() {
double eps = 1e-10;
double tol = 1e-6;
double strike = 2e-6 * F;
testVolatilityAdjoint(F, withStrike(CALL_ATM, strike), DATA, eps, tol);
}
/**
* Test the alpha = 0 edge case. Implied vol is zero for alpha = 0, and except in the ATM case,
* the alpha sensitivity is infinite. We choose to (arbitrarily) return 1e7 in this case.
*/
@Test
public void testVolatilityAdjointAlpha0() {
double eps = 1e-5;
double tol = 1e-6;
SabrFormulaData data = DATA.withAlpha(0.0);
testVolatilityAdjoint(F, CALL_ATM, data, eps, tol);
double volatility = FUNCTION.getVolatility(F, STRIKE_ITM, T, data);
ValueDerivatives volatilityAdjoint = FUNCTION.getVolatilityAdjoint(F, STRIKE_ITM, T, data);
assertEquals(volatility, volatilityAdjoint.getValue(), tol);
assertEquals(0.0, volatilityAdjoint.getDerivative(0), tol);
assertEquals(0.0, volatilityAdjoint.getDerivative(1), tol);
assertEquals(1e7, volatilityAdjoint.getDerivative(2), tol);
assertEquals(0.0, volatilityAdjoint.getDerivative(3), tol);
assertEquals(0.0, volatilityAdjoint.getDerivative(4), tol);
assertEquals(0.0, volatilityAdjoint.getDerivative(5), tol);
}
@Test
public void testVolatilityAdjointSmallAlpha() {
double eps = 1e-7;
double tol = 1e-3;
SabrFormulaData data = DATA.withAlpha(1e-5);
testVolatilityAdjoint(F, CALL_ATM, data, eps, tol);
testVolatilityAdjoint(F, CALL_ITM, data, eps, tol);
testVolatilityAdjoint(F, CALL_OTM, data, eps, tol);
}
/** Test the beta = 0 edge case */
@Test
public void testVolatilityAdjointBeta0() {
double eps = 1e-5;
double tol = 1e-6;
SabrFormulaData data = DATA.withBeta(0.0);
testVolatilityAdjoint(F, CALL_ATM, data, eps, tol);
testVolatilityAdjoint(F, CALL_ITM, data, eps, tol);
testVolatilityAdjoint(F, CALL_OTM, data, eps, tol);
}
/** Test the beta = 1 edge case */
@Test
public void testVolatilityAdjointBeta1() {
double eps = 1e-6;
double tol = 1e-6;
SabrFormulaData data = DATA.withBeta(1.0);
testVolatilityAdjoint(F, CALL_ATM, data, eps, tol);
testVolatilityAdjoint(F, CALL_ITM, data, eps, tol);
testVolatilityAdjoint(F, CALL_OTM, data, eps, tol);
}
/** Test the nu = 0 edge case */
@Test
public void testVolatilityAdjointNu0() {
double eps = 1e-5;
double tol = 1e-6;
SabrFormulaData data = DATA.withNu(0.0);
testVolatilityAdjoint(F, CALL_ATM, data, eps, tol);
testVolatilityAdjoint(F, CALL_ITM, data, eps, 2e-4);
testVolatilityAdjoint(F, CALL_OTM, data, eps, 5e-5);
}
/** Test the rho = -1 edge case */
@Test
public void testVolatilityAdjointRhoM1() {
double eps = 1e-5;
double tol = 1e-6;
SabrFormulaData data = DATA.withRho(-1.0);
testVolatilityAdjoint(F, CALL_ATM, data, eps, tol);
testVolatilityAdjoint(F, CALL_ITM, data, eps, tol);
testVolatilityAdjoint(F, CALL_OTM, data, eps, tol);
}
/** Test the rho = 1 edge case */
@Test
public void testVolatilityAdjointRho1() {
double eps = 1e-4;
double tol = 1e-5;
SabrFormulaData data = DATA.withRho(1.0);
testVolatilityAdjoint(F, CALL_ATM, data, eps, tol);
testVolatilityAdjoint(F, CALL_ITM, data, eps, tol);
testVolatilityAdjoint(F, CALL_OTM, data, eps, tol);
}
@Test
public void testVolatilityAdjointLargeRhoZLessThan1() {
double eps = 1e-4;
double tol = 1e-5;
SabrFormulaData data = DATA.withRho(1.0 - 1e-9);
testVolatilityAdjoint(F, CALL_ITM, data, eps, tol);
}
@Test
public void testVolatilityAdjointLargeRhoZGreaterThan1() {
double eps = 1e-11;
double tol = 1e-4;
SabrFormulaData data = DATA.withRho(1.0 - 1e-9).withAlpha(0.15 * ALPHA);
testVolatilityAdjoint(F, CALL_ITM, data, eps, tol);
}
@Test
/**
* Tests the second order adjoint derivatives for the SABR Hagan volatility function. Only the
* derivatives with respect to the forward and the strike are provided.
*/
public void volatilityAdjoint2() {
volatilityAdjoint2ForInstrument(CALL_ITM, 1.0E-6, 1.0E-2);
volatilityAdjoint2ForInstrument(
CALL_ATM, 1.0E-6, 1.0E+2); // ATM the second order derivative is poor.
volatilityAdjoint2ForInstrument(CALL_OTM, 1.0E-6, 1.0E-2);
}
// TODO write a fuzzer that hits SABR with random parameters
@Test(enabled = false)
public void testRandomParameters() {
double eps = 1e-5;
double tol = 1e-3;
for (int count = 0; count < 100; count++) {
double alpha = Math.exp(NORMAL.nextRandom() * 0.2 - 2);
double beta = Math.random(); // TODO Uniform numbers in distribution
double nu = Math.exp(NORMAL.nextRandom() * 0.3 - 1);
double rho = 2 * Math.random() - 1;
SabrFormulaData data = SabrFormulaData.of(alpha, beta, rho, nu);
testVolatilityAdjoint(F, CALL_ATM, data, eps, tol);
testVolatilityAdjoint(F, CALL_ITM, data, eps, tol);
testVolatilityAdjoint(F, CALL_OTM, data, eps, tol);
}
}
/** Calculate the true SABR delta and gamma and compare with that found by finite difference */
@Test(enabled = false)
public void testGreeks() {
double eps = 1e-3;
double f = 1.2;
double k = 1.4;
double t = 5.0;
double alpha = 0.3;
double beta = 0.6;
double rho = -0.4;
double nu = 0.4;
SabrFormulaData sabrData = SabrFormulaData.of(alpha, beta, rho, nu);
ValueDerivatives adj = FUNCTION.getVolatilityAdjoint(f, k, t, sabrData);
double bsDelta = BlackFormulaRepository.delta(f, k, t, adj.getValue(), true);
double bsVega = BlackFormulaRepository.vega(f, k, t, adj.getValue());
double volForwardSense = adj.getDerivative(1);
double delta = bsDelta + bsVega * volForwardSense;
SabrFormulaData data = SabrFormulaData.of(alpha, beta, rho, nu);
double volUp = FUNCTION.getVolatility(f + eps, k, t, data);
double volDown = FUNCTION.getVolatility(f - eps, k, t, data);
double priceUp = BlackFormulaRepository.price(f + eps, k, t, volUp, true);
double price = BlackFormulaRepository.price(f, k, t, adj.getValue(), true);
double priceDown = BlackFormulaRepository.price(f - eps, k, t, volDown, true);
double fdDelta = (priceUp - priceDown) / 2 / eps;
assertEquals(fdDelta, delta, 1e-6);
double bsVanna = BlackFormulaRepository.vanna(f, k, t, adj.getValue());
double bsGamma = BlackFormulaRepository.gamma(f, k, t, adj.getValue());
double[] volD1 = new double[5];
double[][] volD2 = new double[2][2];
FUNCTION.getVolatilityAdjoint2(f, k, t, sabrData, volD1, volD2);
double d2Sigmad2Fwd = volD2[0][0];
double gamma = bsGamma + 2 * bsVanna * adj.getDerivative(1) + bsVega * d2Sigmad2Fwd;
double fdGamma = (priceUp + priceDown - 2 * price) / eps / eps;
double d2Sigmad2FwdFD = (volUp + volDown - 2 * adj.getValue()) / eps / eps;
assertEquals(d2Sigmad2FwdFD, d2Sigmad2Fwd, 1e-4);
assertEquals(fdGamma, gamma, 1e-2);
}
/**
* Check that $\rho \simeq 1$ case is smoothly connected with a general case, i.e., comparing the
* approximated computation and full computation around the cutoff, which is currently $\rho = 1.0
* - 1.0e-5$ Note that the resulting numbers contain a large error if $\rho \simeq 1$ and $z
* \simeq 1$ are true at the same time
*/
@Test
public void largeRhoSmoothnessTest() {
double rhoEps = 1.e-5;
// rhoIn is larger than the cutoff,
// thus vol and sensitivities are computed by approximation formulas which are regular in the
// limit rho -> 1.
double rhoIn = 1.0 - 0.5 * rhoEps;
// rhoOut is smaller than the cutoff, thus vol and sensitivities are computed by full formula.
double rhoOut = 1.0 - 1.5 * rhoEps;
SabrFormulaData dataIn = SabrFormulaData.of(ALPHA, BETA, rhoIn, NU);
SabrFormulaData dataOut = SabrFormulaData.of(ALPHA, BETA, rhoOut, NU);
/*
* z<1 case, i.e., finite values in the rho->1 limit
*/
double volatilityOut = FUNCTION.getVolatility(F, STRIKE_OTM, T, dataOut);
double[] adjointOut = toArray(FUNCTION.getVolatilityAdjoint(F, STRIKE_OTM, T, dataOut));
double[] volatilityDOut = new double[6];
double[][] volatilityD2Out = new double[2][2];
double volatility2Out =
FUNCTION.getVolatilityAdjoint2(F, STRIKE_OTM, T, dataOut, volatilityDOut, volatilityD2Out);
double volatilityIn = FUNCTION.getVolatility(F, STRIKE_OTM, T, dataIn);
double[] adjointIn = toArray(FUNCTION.getVolatilityAdjoint(F, STRIKE_OTM, T, dataIn));
double[] volatilityDIn = new double[6];
double[][] volatilityD2In = new double[2][2];
double volatility2In =
FUNCTION.getVolatilityAdjoint2(F, STRIKE_OTM, T, dataIn, volatilityDIn, volatilityD2In);
assertEquals(volatilityOut, volatilityIn, rhoEps);
assertEquals(volatility2Out, volatility2In, rhoEps);
for (int i = 0; i < adjointOut.length; ++i) {
double ref = adjointOut[i];
assertEquals(adjointOut[i], adjointIn[i], Math.max(Math.abs(ref), 1.0) * 1.e-3);
}
for (int i = 0; i < volatilityDOut.length; ++i) {
double ref = volatilityDOut[i];
assertEquals(volatilityDOut[i], volatilityDIn[i], Math.max(Math.abs(ref), 1.0) * 1.e-3);
}
/*
* z>1 case, runs into infinity or 0.
* Convergence speed is much faster (and typically smoother).
*/
rhoIn = 1.0 - 0.999 * rhoEps;
rhoOut = 1.0 - 1.001 * rhoEps;
dataIn = SabrFormulaData.of(ALPHA, BETA, rhoIn, NU);
dataOut = SabrFormulaData.of(ALPHA, BETA, rhoOut, NU);
volatilityOut = FUNCTION.getVolatility(3.0 * F, STRIKE_ITM, T, dataOut);
adjointOut = toArray(FUNCTION.getVolatilityAdjoint(3.0 * F, STRIKE_ITM, T, dataOut));
volatilityDOut = new double[6];
volatilityD2Out = new double[2][2];
volatility2Out =
FUNCTION.getVolatilityAdjoint2(
3.0 * F, STRIKE_ITM, T, dataOut, volatilityDOut, volatilityD2Out);
volatilityIn = FUNCTION.getVolatility(3.0 * F, STRIKE_ITM, T, dataIn);
adjointIn = toArray(FUNCTION.getVolatilityAdjoint(3.0 * F, STRIKE_ITM, T, dataIn));
volatilityDIn = new double[6];
volatilityD2In = new double[2][2];
volatility2In =
FUNCTION.getVolatilityAdjoint2(
3.0 * F, STRIKE_ITM, T, dataIn, volatilityDIn, volatilityD2In);
assertEquals(volatilityOut, volatilityIn, rhoEps);
assertEquals(volatility2Out, volatility2In, rhoEps);
for (int i = 0; i < adjointOut.length; ++i) {
double ref = adjointOut[i];
assertEquals(ref, adjointIn[i], Math.max(Math.abs(ref), 1.0) * 1.e-2);
}
for (int i = 0; i < volatilityDOut.length; ++i) {
double ref = volatilityDOut[i];
assertEquals(ref, volatilityDIn[i], Math.max(Math.abs(ref), 1.0) * 1.e-2);
}
}
public void coverage() {
coverImmutableBean(FUNCTION);
}
public void test_serialization() {
assertSerialization(FUNCTION);
}
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
private enum SabrParameter {
Forward,
Strike,
Alpha,
Beta,
Nu,
Rho
}
private void testVolatilityAdjoint(
double forward,
EuropeanVanillaOption optionData,
SabrFormulaData sabrData,
double eps,
double tol) {
double volatility =
FUNCTION.getVolatility(
forward, optionData.getStrike(), optionData.getTimeToExpiry(), sabrData);
double[] volatilityAdjoint =
toArray(
FUNCTION.getVolatilityAdjoint(
forward, optionData.getStrike(), optionData.getTimeToExpiry(), sabrData));
assertEquals(volatility, volatilityAdjoint[0], tol);
assertEqualsRelTol(
"Forward Sensitivity" + sabrData.toString(),
fdSensitivity(optionData, forward, sabrData, SabrParameter.Forward, eps),
volatilityAdjoint[1],
tol);
assertEqualsRelTol(
"Strike Sensitivity" + sabrData.toString(),
fdSensitivity(optionData, forward, sabrData, SabrParameter.Strike, eps),
volatilityAdjoint[2],
tol);
assertEqualsRelTol(
"Alpha Sensitivity" + sabrData.toString(),
fdSensitivity(optionData, forward, sabrData, SabrParameter.Alpha, eps),
volatilityAdjoint[3],
tol);
assertEqualsRelTol(
"Beta Sensitivity" + sabrData.toString(),
fdSensitivity(optionData, forward, sabrData, SabrParameter.Beta, eps),
volatilityAdjoint[4],
tol);
assertEqualsRelTol(
"Rho Sensitivity" + sabrData.toString(),
fdSensitivity(optionData, forward, sabrData, SabrParameter.Rho, eps),
volatilityAdjoint[5],
tol);
assertEqualsRelTol(
"Nu Sensitivity" + sabrData.toString(),
fdSensitivity(optionData, forward, sabrData, SabrParameter.Nu, eps),
volatilityAdjoint[6],
tol);
}
private double[] toArray(ValueDerivatives valueDerivatives) {
double[] derivatives = valueDerivatives.getDerivatives().toArray();
double[] res = new double[derivatives.length + 1];
res[0] = valueDerivatives.getValue();
System.arraycopy(derivatives, 0, res, 1, derivatives.length);
return res;
}
private void volatilityAdjoint2ForInstrument(
EuropeanVanillaOption option, double tolerance1, double tolerance2) {
// vol
double volatility =
FUNCTION.getVolatility(F, option.getStrike(), option.getTimeToExpiry(), DATA);
double[] volatilityAdjoint =
toArray(
FUNCTION.getVolatilityAdjoint(F, option.getStrike(), option.getTimeToExpiry(), DATA));
double[] volD = new double[6];
double[][] volD2 = new double[2][2];
double vol =
FUNCTION.getVolatilityAdjoint2(
F, option.getStrike(), option.getTimeToExpiry(), DATA, volD, volD2);
assertEquals(volatility, vol, tolerance1);
// Derivative
for (int loopder = 0; loopder < 6; loopder++) {
assertEquals(volatilityAdjoint[loopder + 1], volD[loopder], tolerance1);
}
// Derivative forward-forward
double deltaF = 0.000001;
double volatilityFP =
FUNCTION.getVolatility(F + deltaF, option.getStrike(), option.getTimeToExpiry(), DATA);
double volatilityFM =
FUNCTION.getVolatility(F - deltaF, option.getStrike(), option.getTimeToExpiry(), DATA);
double derivativeFF_FD = (volatilityFP + volatilityFM - 2 * volatility) / (deltaF * deltaF);
assertEquals(derivativeFF_FD, volD2[0][0], tolerance2);
// Derivative strike-strike
double deltaK = 0.000001;
double volatilityKP =
FUNCTION.getVolatility(F, option.getStrike() + deltaK, option.getTimeToExpiry(), DATA);
double volatilityKM =
FUNCTION.getVolatility(F, option.getStrike() - deltaK, option.getTimeToExpiry(), DATA);
double derivativeKK_FD = (volatilityKP + volatilityKM - 2 * volatility) / (deltaK * deltaK);
assertEquals(derivativeKK_FD, volD2[1][1], tolerance2);
// Derivative strike-forward
double volatilityFPKP =
FUNCTION.getVolatility(
F + deltaF, option.getStrike() + deltaK, option.getTimeToExpiry(), DATA);
double derivativeFK_FD =
(volatilityFPKP + volatility - volatilityFP - volatilityKP) / (deltaF * deltaK);
assertEquals(derivativeFK_FD, volD2[0][1], tolerance2);
assertEquals(volD2[0][1], volD2[1][0], 1E-6);
}
private void assertEqualsRelTol(String msg, double exp, double act, double tol) {
double delta = (Math.abs(exp) + Math.abs(act)) * tol / 2.0;
assertEquals(act, exp, delta, msg);
}
@SuppressWarnings("null")
private double fdSensitivity(
EuropeanVanillaOption optionData,
double forward,
SabrFormulaData sabrData,
SabrParameter param,
double delta) {
Function<SabrFormulaData, Double> funcC = null;
Function<SabrFormulaData, Double> funcB = null;
Function<SabrFormulaData, Double> funcA = null;
SabrFormulaData dataC = null;
SabrFormulaData dataB = sabrData;
SabrFormulaData dataA = null;
Function<SabrFormulaData, Double> func = getVolatilityFunction(optionData, forward);
FiniteDifferenceType fdType = null;
switch (param) {
case Strike:
double strike = optionData.getStrike();
if (strike >= delta) {
fdType = FiniteDifferenceType.CENTRAL;
funcA = getVolatilityFunction(withStrike(optionData, strike - delta), forward);
funcC = getVolatilityFunction(withStrike(optionData, strike + delta), forward);
} else {
fdType = FiniteDifferenceType.FORWARD;
funcA = func;
funcB = getVolatilityFunction(withStrike(optionData, strike + delta), forward);
funcC = getVolatilityFunction(withStrike(optionData, strike + 2 * delta), forward);
}
dataC = sabrData;
dataB = sabrData;
dataA = sabrData;
break;
case Forward:
if (forward > delta) {
fdType = FiniteDifferenceType.CENTRAL;
funcA = getVolatilityFunction(optionData, forward - delta);
funcC = getVolatilityFunction(optionData, forward + delta);
} else {
fdType = FiniteDifferenceType.FORWARD;
funcA = func;
funcB = getVolatilityFunction(optionData, forward + delta);
funcC = getVolatilityFunction(optionData, forward + 2 * delta);
}
dataC = sabrData;
dataB = sabrData;
dataA = sabrData;
break;
case Alpha:
double a = sabrData.getAlpha();
if (a >= delta) {
fdType = FiniteDifferenceType.CENTRAL;
dataA = sabrData.withAlpha(a - delta);
dataC = sabrData.withAlpha(a + delta);
} else {
fdType = FiniteDifferenceType.FORWARD;
dataA = sabrData;
dataB = sabrData.withAlpha(a + delta);
dataC = sabrData.withAlpha(a + 2 * delta);
}
funcC = func;
funcB = func;
funcA = func;
break;
case Beta:
double b = sabrData.getBeta();
if (b >= delta) {
fdType = FiniteDifferenceType.CENTRAL;
dataA = sabrData.withBeta(b - delta);
dataC = sabrData.withBeta(b + delta);
} else {
fdType = FiniteDifferenceType.FORWARD;
dataA = sabrData;
dataB = sabrData.withBeta(b + delta);
dataC = sabrData.withBeta(b + 2 * delta);
}
funcC = func;
funcB = func;
funcA = func;
break;
case Nu:
double n = sabrData.getNu();
if (n >= delta) {
fdType = FiniteDifferenceType.CENTRAL;
dataA = sabrData.withNu(n - delta);
dataC = sabrData.withNu(n + delta);
} else {
fdType = FiniteDifferenceType.FORWARD;
dataA = sabrData;
dataB = sabrData.withNu(n + delta);
dataC = sabrData.withNu(n + 2 * delta);
}
funcC = func;
funcB = func;
funcA = func;
break;
case Rho:
double r = sabrData.getRho();
if ((r + 1) < delta) {
fdType = FiniteDifferenceType.FORWARD;
dataA = sabrData;
dataB = sabrData.withRho(r + delta);
dataC = sabrData.withRho(r + 2 * delta);
} else if ((1 - r) < delta) {
fdType = FiniteDifferenceType.BACKWARD;
dataA = sabrData.withRho(r - 2 * delta);
dataB = sabrData.withRho(r - delta);
dataC = sabrData;
} else {
fdType = FiniteDifferenceType.CENTRAL;
dataC = sabrData.withRho(r + delta);
dataA = sabrData.withRho(r - delta);
}
funcC = func;
funcB = func;
funcA = func;
break;
default:
throw new MathException("enum not found");
}
if (fdType != null) {
switch (fdType) {
case FORWARD:
return (-1.5 * funcA.apply(dataA) + 2.0 * funcB.apply(dataB) - 0.5 * funcC.apply(dataC))
/ delta;
case BACKWARD:
return (0.5 * funcA.apply(dataA) - 2.0 * funcB.apply(dataB) + 1.5 * funcC.apply(dataC))
/ delta;
case CENTRAL:
return (funcC.apply(dataC) - funcA.apply(dataA)) / 2.0 / delta;
default:
throw new MathException("enum not found");
}
}
throw new MathException("enum not found");
}
private Function<SabrFormulaData, Double> getVolatilityFunction(
EuropeanVanillaOption option, double forward) {
return new Function<SabrFormulaData, Double>() {
@Override
public Double apply(SabrFormulaData data) {
ArgChecker.notNull(data, "data");
return FUNCTION.getVolatility(forward, option.getStrike(), option.getTimeToExpiry(), data);
}
};
}
private EuropeanVanillaOption withStrike(EuropeanVanillaOption option, double strike) {
return EuropeanVanillaOption.of(strike, option.getTimeToExpiry(), option.getPutCall());
}
}
