private RegionFilter createFilter(final String... packageNames) throws InvalidSyntaxException {
   Collection<String> filters = new ArrayList<String>(packageNames.length);
   for (String pkg : packageNames) {
     filters.add('(' + RegionFilter.VISIBLE_PACKAGE_NAMESPACE + '=' + pkg + ')');
   }
   RegionFilterBuilder builder = digraph.createRegionFilterBuilder();
   for (String filter : filters) {
     builder.allow(RegionFilter.VISIBLE_PACKAGE_NAMESPACE, filter);
   }
   return builder.build();
 }
	public void testBundleCollisionConnectedRegions() throws BundleException, InvalidSyntaxException {
		// get the system region
		Region systemRegion = digraph.getRegion(0);
		// create 3 connected test regions and install each bundle into each region
		int numRegions = 4;
		String regionName = "ConnectedRegion_";
		for (int i = 0; i < numRegions; i++) {
			Region region = digraph.createRegion(regionName + i);
			// Import the system bundle from the systemRegion
			digraph.connect(region, digraph.createRegionFilterBuilder().allow(RegionFilter.VISIBLE_BUNDLE_NAMESPACE, "(id=0)").build(), systemRegion);
			// must import Boolean services into systemRegion to test
			digraph.connect(systemRegion, digraph.createRegionFilterBuilder().allow(RegionFilter.VISIBLE_SERVICE_NAMESPACE, "(objectClass=java.lang.Boolean)").build(), region);
		}

		Region region0 = digraph.getRegion(regionName + 0);
		Region region1 = digraph.getRegion(regionName + 1);
		Region region2 = digraph.getRegion(regionName + 2);

		// create connections that share the bundles we want
		RegionFilterBuilder filterBuilder = digraph.createRegionFilterBuilder();
		filterBuilder.allow(RegionFilter.VISIBLE_BUNDLE_NAMESPACE, "(bundle-symbolic-name=" + PP1 + ")");
		filterBuilder.allow(RegionFilter.VISIBLE_BUNDLE_NAMESPACE, "(bundle-symbolic-name=" + SP1 + ")");
		filterBuilder.allow(RegionFilter.VISIBLE_BUNDLE_NAMESPACE, "(bundle-symbolic-name=" + CP1 + ")");
		region1.connectRegion(region0, filterBuilder.build());
		region2.connectRegion(region1, filterBuilder.build());

		// install a bundle in each region
		bundleInstaller.installBundle(PP1, region0);
		bundleInstaller.installBundle(SP1, region1);
		bundleInstaller.installBundle(CP1, region2);

		// Should not be able to install SP1 into region0 because that would collide with SP1->region1->region0
		assertInstallFail(SP1, region0);
		// Should not be able to install PP1 into region1 because that would collide with region1->region0->PP1
		assertInstallFail(PP1, region1);
		// Should not be able to install PP1 into region2 because that would collide with region2->region1->region0->PP1
		assertInstallFail(PP1, region2);
		// Should not be able to install CP1 into region0 because that would collide with CP1->region2->region1->region0
		assertInstallFail(CP1, region0);
	}
	public void testPersistenceBug343020() throws BundleException, InvalidSyntaxException {
		// get the system region
		Region systemRegion = digraph.getRegion(0);
		// create a test region
		Region testRegion = digraph.createRegion(getName());

		RegionFilterBuilder builder = digraph.createRegionFilterBuilder();
		// Import the system bundle from the systemRegion
		builder.allow(RegionFilter.VISIBLE_BUNDLE_NAMESPACE, "(id=0)");
		// import PP1
		builder.allow(RegionFilter.VISIBLE_PACKAGE_NAMESPACE, "(" + RegionFilter.VISIBLE_PACKAGE_NAMESPACE + "=pkg1.*)");
		digraph.connect(testRegion, builder.build(), systemRegion);
		// install CP2
		Bundle cp2 = bundleInstaller.installBundle(CP2, testRegion);

		bundleInstaller.resolveBundles(new Bundle[] {cp2});
		assertEquals("Wrong state for pc1.", Bundle.INSTALLED, cp2.getState());

		regionBundle.stop();

		// install PP1 there is no region alive
		bundleInstaller.installBundle(PP1);

		// start region bundle and confirm we can resolve cp2 now
		startRegionBundle();

		bundleInstaller.refreshPackages(new Bundle[] {cp2});
		assertEquals("Wrong state for pc1.", Bundle.RESOLVED, cp2.getState());

		// stop region bundle to test uninstalling bundles while stopped
		regionBundle.stop();
		cp2.uninstall();

		startRegionBundle();
		testRegion = digraph.getRegion(getName());
		assertNotNull("No test region found.", testRegion);
		Set<Long> testIds = testRegion.getBundleIds();
		assertEquals("Wrong number of test ids.", 0, testIds.size());
	}
	private void doCyclicRegions(int numLevels) throws BundleException, InvalidSyntaxException, InterruptedException {
		String regionName1 = getName() + "_1";
		String regionName2 = getName() + "_2";
		// get the system region
		Region systemRegion = digraph.getRegion(0);
		// create two regions to hold the bundles
		Region testRegion1 = digraph.createRegion(regionName1);
		Region testRegion2 = digraph.createRegion(regionName2);
		// connect to the system bundle
		testRegion1.connectRegion(systemRegion, digraph.createRegionFilterBuilder().allow(RegionFilter.VISIBLE_BUNDLE_NAMESPACE, "(id=0)").build());
		testRegion2.connectRegion(systemRegion, digraph.createRegionFilterBuilder().allow(RegionFilter.VISIBLE_BUNDLE_NAMESPACE, "(id=0)").build());
		// must import Boolean services into systemRegion to test
		systemRegion.connectRegion(testRegion1, digraph.createRegionFilterBuilder().allow(RegionFilter.VISIBLE_SERVICE_NAMESPACE, "(objectClass=java.lang.Boolean)").build());
		systemRegion.connectRegion(testRegion2, digraph.createRegionFilterBuilder().allow(RegionFilter.VISIBLE_SERVICE_NAMESPACE, "(objectClass=java.lang.Boolean)").build());

		Map<String, Bundle> bundles = new HashMap<String, Bundle>();
		// add bundles to region1
		bundles.put(PP1, bundleInstaller.installBundle(PP1, testRegion1));
		bundles.put(SP2, bundleInstaller.installBundle(SP2, testRegion1));
		bundles.put(CP2, bundleInstaller.installBundle(CP2, testRegion1));
		bundles.put(PC1, bundleInstaller.installBundle(PC1, testRegion1));
		bundles.put(BC1, bundleInstaller.installBundle(BC1, testRegion1));

		// add bundles to region2
		bundles.put(SP1, bundleInstaller.installBundle(SP1, testRegion2));
		bundles.put(CP1, bundleInstaller.installBundle(CP1, testRegion2));
		bundles.put(PP2, bundleInstaller.installBundle(PP2, testRegion2));
		bundles.put(SC1, bundleInstaller.installBundle(SC1, testRegion2));
		bundles.put(CC1, bundleInstaller.installBundle(CC1, testRegion2));

		RegionFilterBuilder testRegionFilter1 = digraph.createRegionFilterBuilder();
		// SP2 -> PP2
		testRegionFilter1.allow(RegionFilter.VISIBLE_PACKAGE_NAMESPACE, "(" + RegionFilter.VISIBLE_PACKAGE_NAMESPACE + "=pkg2.*)");
		// CP2 -> SP1
		testRegionFilter1.allow(RegionFilter.VISIBLE_SERVICE_NAMESPACE, "(" + Constants.OBJECTCLASS + "=pkg1.*)");
		// PC1 -> PP2
		// this is not needed because we already import pkg2.* above
		//testRegionFilter1.allow(RegionFilter.VISIBLE_PACKAGE_NAMESPACE, "(" + RegionFilter.VISIBLE_PACKAGE_NAMESPACE + "=pkg2.*)");
		// BC1 -> PP2
		testRegionFilter1.allow(RegionFilter.VISIBLE_REQUIRE_NAMESPACE, "(" + RegionFilter.VISIBLE_REQUIRE_NAMESPACE + "=" + PP2 + ")");

		RegionFilterBuilder testRegionFilter2 = digraph.createRegionFilterBuilder();
		//SP1 -> PP1
		testRegionFilter2.allow(RegionFilter.VISIBLE_PACKAGE_NAMESPACE, "(" + RegionFilter.VISIBLE_PACKAGE_NAMESPACE + "=pkg1.*)");
		//SC1 -> SP2
		testRegionFilter2.allow(RegionFilter.VISIBLE_SERVICE_NAMESPACE, "(" + Constants.OBJECTCLASS + "=pkg2.*)");
		//CC1 -> CP2
		testRegionFilter2.allow(CP2, "(name=" + CP2 + ")");

		Region r1, r2 = null;
		for (int i = 0; i <= numLevels; i++) {
			r1 = (i > 0) ? r2 : testRegion1;
			r2 = (i < numLevels) ? digraph.createRegion(getName() + "_level_" + i) : testRegion2;
			r1.connectRegion(r2, testRegionFilter1.build());
			r2.connectRegion(r1, testRegionFilter2.build());
		}

		bundleInstaller.resolveBundles(bundles.values().toArray(new Bundle[bundles.size()]));
		for (Bundle bundle : bundles.values()) {
			assertEquals("Bundle did not resolve: " + bundle.getSymbolicName(), Bundle.RESOLVED, bundle.getState());
			bundle.start();
		}
		BundleContext context = getContext();
		ServiceTracker<Boolean, Boolean> cp2Tracker = new ServiceTracker<Boolean, Boolean>(context, context.createFilter("(&(objectClass=java.lang.Boolean)(bundle.id=" + bundles.get(CP2).getBundleId() + "))"), null);
		ServiceTracker<Boolean, Boolean> sc1Tracker = new ServiceTracker<Boolean, Boolean>(context, context.createFilter("(&(objectClass=java.lang.Boolean)(bundle.id=" + bundles.get(SC1).getBundleId() + "))"), null);

		cp2Tracker.open();
		sc1Tracker.open();

		assertNotNull("The cp2 bundle never found the service.", cp2Tracker.waitForService(2000));
		assertNotNull("The sc1 bundle never found the service.", sc1Tracker.waitForService(2000));
		cp2Tracker.close();
		sc1Tracker.close();
	}