private BufferedImage convert(BufferedImage image, int imageType) {
    if (image.getType() == imageType) {
      return image;
    }

    int w = image.getWidth();
    int h = image.getHeight();
    BufferedImage newImg = new BufferedImage(w, h, imageType);
    ColorSpace srcSpace = image.getColorModel().getColorSpace();
    ColorSpace newSpace = newImg.getColorModel().getColorSpace();
    ColorConvertOp convert = new ColorConvertOp(srcSpace, newSpace, null);
    convert.filter(image, newImg);
    return newImg;
  }
  /**
   * Binds the BufferedImage byte-stream into video memory. BufferedImage must be in 4BYTE_ABGR.
   * 4BYTE_ABGR removes endinese problems.
   */
  public Texture bind(final BufferedImage _image, final InternalFormat _format) {
    final GL3 gl = GLRenderer.getCanvas().getContext().getCurrentGL().getGL3();
    if (gl == null) {
      System.out.println("GL context doesn't exist");
      return null;
    }

    gl.glEnable(GL.GL_TEXTURE_2D);

    final int textureID = glGenTextures(gl);
    gl.glBindTexture(GL3.GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureID);

    gl.glTexParameteri(GL3.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL3.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL3.GL_REPEAT);
    gl.glTexParameteri(GL3.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL3.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL3.GL_REPEAT);
    gl.glTexParameteri(GL3.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL3.GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL3.GL_LINEAR);
    gl.glTexParameteri(GL3.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL3.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL3.GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR);

    final int width = _image.getWidth();
    final int height = _image.getHeight();
    final int channels = _image.getSampleModel().getNumBands();
    int internalFormat = GL3.GL_RGB;

    if (gl.isExtensionAvailable("GL_EXT_abgr") == true) {
      switch (channels) {
        case 4:
          imageFormat = GL2.GL_ABGR_EXT;
          break;
        case 3:
          imageFormat = GL3.GL_BGR;
          break;
        case 1:
          imageFormat = GL3.GL_RED;
          break;
      }
    } else {
      switch (channels) {
        case 4:
          imageFormat = GL3.GL_RGBA;
          break;
        case 3:
          imageFormat = GL3.GL_RGB;
          break;
        case 1:
          imageFormat = GL3.GL_RED;
          break;
      }
    }

    gl.glPixelStorei(GL3.GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1);
    gl.glTexImage2D(
        GL3.GL_TEXTURE_2D,
        0,
        getGLInternalFormat(channels, _format),
        width,
        height,
        0,
        imageFormat,
        GL3.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,
        getByteBuffer(_image));

    gl.glGenerateMipmap(GL3.GL_TEXTURE_2D);
    gl.glBindTexture(GL.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0); // Reset to default texture

    return new Texture(new GLImage(textureID, width, height));
  }
  private IFD writeYCbCrImage(
      ImageOutputStream out, BufferedImage image, int comp, TIFFImageWriteParam param)
      throws IOException {
    image = convert(image, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
    try {
      int width = image.getWidth();
      int height = image.getHeight();

      IFD ifd = new IFD(); // entries need to be in tag order !

      int ss = (param == null) ? 0x22 : param.getSubSampling();

      int ssh = (ss >> 4) & 0x0F;
      int ssv = ss & 0x0F;

      if (ssh
          < ssv) { // YCbCrSubsampleVert shall always be less than or equal to YCbCrSubsampleHoriz.
        throw new IOException(
            "Internal error: YCbCrSubsampleVert is not less than YCbCrSubsampleHoriz.");
      }

      //      int ww=((width +ssh-1)/ssh)*ssh;                                   // [1] p.92
      //      int hh=((height+ssv-1)/ssv)*ssv;
      int ww = width;
      int hh = height;

      ifd.add(new DEFactory.NewSubfileTypeDE(2)); // 254 single page of multipage file
      ifd.add(new DEFactory.ImageWidthDE(ww)); // 256
      ifd.add(new DEFactory.ImageLengthDE(hh)); // 257

      DEFactory.BitsPerSampleDE bpss = new DEFactory.BitsPerSampleDE(3);
      bpss.setBitsPerSample(0, 8); // Y
      bpss.setBitsPerSample(1, 8); // Cb
      bpss.setBitsPerSample(2, 8); // Cr
      ifd.add(bpss); // 258

      ifd.add(new DEFactory.CompressionDE(comp)); // 259
      ifd.add(new DEFactory.PhotometricInterpretationDE(YCbCr)); // 262

      int maxrps, maxstripes; // max RowsPerStrip
      if ((1 << 13) <= width) {
        maxrps = 1;
        maxstripes = height; // one row per strip
      } else {
        maxrps = (1 << 13) / width;
        maxstripes = (height + maxrps - 1) / maxrps;
      }
      if (comp == JPEG) {
        maxrps = ((maxrps + 8 * ssv - 1) / (8 * ssv)) * (8 * ssv);
        maxstripes = (height + maxrps - 1) / maxrps;
      }

      DEFactory.StripOffsetsDE offsets = new DEFactory.StripOffsetsDE(maxstripes);
      ifd.add(offsets); // 273
      ifd.add(new DEFactory.SamplesPerPixelDE(3)); // 277
      ifd.add(new DEFactory.RowsPerStripDE(maxrps)); // 278
      DEFactory.StripByteCountsDE counts = new DEFactory.StripByteCountsDE(maxstripes);
      ifd.add(counts); // 279

      if (param == null) {
        ifd.add(new DEFactory.XResolutionDE(72.0)); // 282
        ifd.add(new DEFactory.YResolutionDE(72.0)); // 283
      } else {
        ifd.add(new DEFactory.XResolutionDE(param.getXResolution())); // 282
        ifd.add(new DEFactory.YResolutionDE(param.getYResolution())); // 283
      }
      ifd.add(new DEFactory.ResolutionUnitDE(Inch)); // 296

      ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
      OutputStream os = baos;
      JPEGOutputStream jpegos = null;

      if (comp == JPEG) {
        jpegos = new JPEGOutputStream(baos);

        int quality = (param == null) ? 50 : (int) (param.getCompressionQuality() * 100);

        jpegos.setZZQuantizationTable(0, JPEGConstants.LQT, quality);
        jpegos.setZZQuantizationTable(1, JPEGConstants.CQT, quality);

        jpegos.setRawDCHuffmanTable(0, JPEGConstants.HLDCTable);
        jpegos.setRawACHuffmanTable(0, JPEGConstants.HLACTable);
        jpegos.setRawDCHuffmanTable(1, JPEGConstants.HCDCTable);
        jpegos.setRawACHuffmanTable(1, JPEGConstants.HCACTable);

        jpegos.defineQuantizationTables();
        jpegos.defineHuffmanTables();
        jpegos.close();

        DEFactory.JPEGTablesDE jpegtables = new DEFactory.JPEGTablesDE(baos.toByteArray());
        ifd.add(jpegtables); // 347

        baos.reset();

        os = jpegos;
      }

      //      CCIR Recommendation 601-1  LumaRed=299/1000 LumaGreen=587/1000 LumeBlue=114/1000
      //      Y  = ( LumaRed * R + LumaGreen * G + LumaBlue * B )
      //      Cb = ( B - Y ) / ( 2 - 2 * LumaBlue )
      //      Cr = ( R - Y ) / ( 2 - 2 * LumaRed )

      double LumaRed = 299.0 / 1000.0;
      double LumaGreen = 587.0 / 1000.0;
      double LumaBlue = 114.0 / 1000.0;

      DEFactory.YCbCrCoefficientsDE YCbCrCoeff = new DEFactory.YCbCrCoefficientsDE();
      YCbCrCoeff.setLumaRed(LumaRed); // Y
      YCbCrCoeff.setLumaGreen(LumaGreen); // Cb
      YCbCrCoeff.setLumaBlue(LumaBlue); // Cr
      ifd.add(YCbCrCoeff); // 529

      DEFactory.YCbCrSubSamplingDE YCbCrSubSampling = new DEFactory.YCbCrSubSamplingDE();
      YCbCrSubSampling.setHoriz(ssh);
      YCbCrSubSampling.setVert(ssv);
      ifd.add(YCbCrSubSampling); // 530

      double RfBY = 0;
      double RfWY = 255;
      double RfBCb = 128;
      double RfWCb = 255;
      double RfBCr = 128;
      double RfWCr = 255;

      DEFactory.ReferenceBlackWhiteDE ReferenceBlackWhite = new DEFactory.ReferenceBlackWhiteDE();
      ReferenceBlackWhite.setY(RfBY, RfWY);
      ReferenceBlackWhite.setCb(RfBCb, RfWCb);
      ReferenceBlackWhite.setCr(RfBCr, RfWCr);
      ifd.add(ReferenceBlackWhite); // 532

      TIFFYCbCrOutputStream ycbcros;
      if (jpegos == null) {
        ycbcros = new TIFFYCbCrOutputStream(os, width, ssv, ssh);
        os = new TIFFSubSamplingOutputStream(ycbcros, width, ssv, ssh);
      } else {
        ycbcros = new TIFFYCbCrOutputStream(os, width, 1, 1); // jpeg does own subsampling
        os = ycbcros;
      }

      ycbcros.setPositioning(1);
      ycbcros.setColourCoefficients(LumaRed, LumaGreen, LumaBlue);
      ycbcros.setRfBWY(RfBY, RfWY);
      ycbcros.setRfBWCb(RfBCb, RfWCb);
      ycbcros.setRfBWCr(RfBCr, RfWCr);

      WritableRaster raster = image.getRaster();
      DataBufferInt buffer = (DataBufferInt) raster.getDataBuffer();
      int[] imgdata = (int[]) buffer.getData();

      int c = 0, index = 0;
      for (int y = 0; y < height; y += maxrps) {

        if ((height - y) < maxrps) {
          maxrps = height - y;
        }

        if (jpegos != null) {
          jpegos.startOfImage();
          int[] hv = {(ssh << 4) | ssv, 0x11, 0x11}; // (Hi<<4)|Vi
          int[] q = {0, 1, 1}; // quantization table Y=0, Cb=Cr=1
          //          jpegos.startOfFrame(((maxrps+ssv-1)/ssv)*ssv,ww,hv,q);
          jpegos.startOfFrame(maxrps, ww, hv, q);
          int[] sel = {0, 1, 1}; // DC,AC code table Y=0, Cb=Cr=1
          jpegos.startOfScan(sel);
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < maxrps; i++) {
          int x = 0;
          while (x < width) {
            c = imgdata[x + (y + i) * width];
            //            c = image.getRGB(x,y+i);
            os.write((c >> 16) & 0x000000FF);
            os.write((c >> 8) & 0x000000FF);
            os.write(c & 0x000000FF);
            x++;
          }
          while (x < ww) {
            os.write((c >> 16) & 0x000000FF);
            os.write((c >> 8) & 0x000000FF);
            os.write(c & 0x000000FF);
            x++;
          }
        }
        os.close();

        byte[] data = baos.toByteArray();
        counts.setCount(index, data.length); // update ifd strip counter array
        offsets.setOffset(index, out.getStreamPosition()); // update ifd image data offset array
        out.write(data); // write to image stream
        baos.reset();
        index++;
      }
      return ifd;
    } catch (Exception e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
      throw new IOException(getClass().getName() + ".writeYCbCrImage:\n\t" + e.getMessage());
    }
  }
  private IFD writeCMYKImage(ImageOutputStream out, BufferedImage image, TIFFImageWriteParam param)
      throws IOException {
    try {
      int width = image.getWidth();
      int height = image.getHeight();

      IFD ifd = new IFD(); // entries need to be in tag order !

      ifd.add(new DEFactory.NewSubfileTypeDE(2)); // 254 single page of multipage file
      ifd.add(new DEFactory.ImageWidthDE(width)); // 256
      ifd.add(new DEFactory.ImageLengthDE(height)); // 257

      DEFactory.BitsPerSampleDE bpss = new DEFactory.BitsPerSampleDE(4);
      bpss.setBitsPerSample(0, 8); // cyan
      bpss.setBitsPerSample(1, 8); // magneta
      bpss.setBitsPerSample(2, 8); // yellow
      bpss.setBitsPerSample(3, 8); // key (black)
      ifd.add(bpss); // 258

      ifd.add(new DEFactory.CompressionDE(NOCOMPRESSION)); // 259
      ifd.add(new DEFactory.PhotometricInterpretationDE(CMYK)); // 262

      int maxrps, maxstripes; // max RowsPerStrip
      if ((1 << 13) <= width) {
        maxrps = 1;
        maxstripes = height; // one row per strip
      } else {
        maxrps = (1 << 13) / width;
        maxstripes = (height + maxrps - 1) / maxrps;
      }

      DEFactory.StripOffsetsDE offsets = new DEFactory.StripOffsetsDE(maxstripes);
      ifd.add(offsets); // 273
      ifd.add(new DEFactory.SamplesPerPixelDE(4)); // 277
      ifd.add(new DEFactory.RowsPerStripDE(maxrps)); // 278
      DEFactory.StripByteCountsDE counts = new DEFactory.StripByteCountsDE(maxstripes);
      ifd.add(counts); // 279

      if (param == null) {
        ifd.add(new DEFactory.XResolutionDE(72.0)); // 282
        ifd.add(new DEFactory.YResolutionDE(72.0)); // 283
      } else {
        ifd.add(new DEFactory.XResolutionDE(param.getXResolution())); // 282
        ifd.add(new DEFactory.YResolutionDE(param.getYResolution())); // 283
      }
      ifd.add(new DEFactory.ResolutionUnitDE(Inch)); // 296

      int index = 0;
      for (int y = 0; y < height; y += maxrps) {
        /*
        Assume rgb image.

        Each strip: evaluate c m y k colour
                    save in byte array
                    write to image file
        */

        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();

        for (int i = 0; i < maxrps; i++) {
          if ((y + i) == height) {
            break;
          } // last strip might have less rows
          for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
            int c = image.getRGB(x, y + i);

            int R = (c >> 16) & 0x00FF;
            int G = (c >> 8) & 0x00FF;
            int B = (c) & 0x00FF;

            if ((R == 255) && (G == 255) && (B == 255)) {
              baos.write(0);
              baos.write(0);
              baos.write(0);
              baos.write(0);
            } else {
              double C = 1.0 - R / 255.0;
              double M = 1.0 - G / 255.0;
              double Y = 1.0 - B / 255.0;

              double K = C;
              if (M < K) {
                K = M;
              }
              if (Y < K) {
                K = Y;
              }

              C = ((C - K) / (1.0 - K)) * 255.0;
              M = ((M - K) / (1.0 - K)) * 255.0;
              Y = ((Y - K) / (1.0 - K)) * 255.0;
              K *= 255.0;

              baos.write((int) C);
              baos.write((int) M);
              baos.write((int) Y);
              baos.write((int) K);
            }
          }
        }
        baos.close();

        byte[] data = baos.toByteArray();
        counts.setCount(index, data.length); // update ifd strip counter array
        offsets.setOffset(index, out.getStreamPosition()); // update ifd image data offset array
        out.write(data); // write to image stream

        index++;
      }
      return ifd;
    } catch (Exception e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
      throw new IOException(getClass().getName() + ".writeCMYKImage:\n\t" + e.getMessage());
    }
  }
  private IFD writeRGBImage(
      ImageOutputStream out, BufferedImage image, int comp, TIFFImageWriteParam param)
      throws IOException {
    image = convert(image, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
    try {
      int width = image.getWidth();
      int height = image.getHeight();

      IFD ifd = new IFD(); // entries need to be in tag order !

      ifd.add(new DEFactory.NewSubfileTypeDE(2)); // 254 single page of multipage file
      ifd.add(new DEFactory.ImageWidthDE(width)); // 256
      ifd.add(new DEFactory.ImageLengthDE(height)); // 257

      DEFactory.BitsPerSampleDE bpss = new DEFactory.BitsPerSampleDE(3);
      bpss.setBitsPerSample(0, 8); // red
      bpss.setBitsPerSample(1, 8); // green
      bpss.setBitsPerSample(2, 8); // blue
      ifd.add(bpss); // 258

      ifd.add(new DEFactory.CompressionDE(comp)); // 259
      ifd.add(new DEFactory.PhotometricInterpretationDE(RGB)); // 262

      int maxrps, maxstripes; // max RowsPerStrip
      if ((1 << 13) <= width) {
        maxrps = 1;
        maxstripes = height; // one row per strip
      } else {
        maxrps = (1 << 13) / width;
        maxstripes = (height + maxrps - 1) / maxrps;
      }
      if (comp == JPEG) {
        maxrps = ((maxrps + 8 - 1) / 8) * 8;
        maxstripes = (height + maxrps - 1) / maxrps;
      }
      DEFactory.StripOffsetsDE offsets = new DEFactory.StripOffsetsDE(maxstripes);
      ifd.add(offsets); // 273
      ifd.add(new DEFactory.SamplesPerPixelDE(3)); // 277
      ifd.add(new DEFactory.RowsPerStripDE(maxrps)); // 278
      DEFactory.StripByteCountsDE counts = new DEFactory.StripByteCountsDE(maxstripes);
      ifd.add(counts); // 279
      if (param == null) {
        ifd.add(new DEFactory.XResolutionDE(72.0)); // 282
        ifd.add(new DEFactory.YResolutionDE(72.0)); // 283
      } else {
        ifd.add(new DEFactory.XResolutionDE(param.getXResolution())); // 282
        ifd.add(new DEFactory.YResolutionDE(param.getYResolution())); // 283
      }
      ifd.add(new DEFactory.ResolutionUnitDE(Inch)); // 296

      ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
      OutputStream os = baos;
      JPEGOutputStream jpegos = null;

      if (comp == JPEG) { // add JPEGTables tag
        jpegos = new JPEGOutputStream(baos);

        int quality = (param == null) ? 50 : (int) (param.getCompressionQuality() * 100);

        jpegos.setZZQuantizationTable(0, JPEGConstants.LQT, quality);
        jpegos.setRawDCHuffmanTable(0, JPEGConstants.HLDCTable);
        jpegos.setRawACHuffmanTable(0, JPEGConstants.HLACTable);

        jpegos.defineQuantizationTables();
        jpegos.defineHuffmanTables();
        jpegos.close();

        DEFactory.JPEGTablesDE jpegtables = new DEFactory.JPEGTablesDE(baos.toByteArray());
        ifd.add(jpegtables); // 347

        baos.reset();

        os = jpegos;
      }

      WritableRaster raster = image.getRaster();
      DataBufferInt buffer = (DataBufferInt) raster.getDataBuffer();
      int[] imgdata = (int[]) buffer.getData();

      int index = 0;
      for (int y = 0; y < height; y += maxrps) {
        /*
        Assume rgb image.

        Each strip: evaluate r g b colour
                    save in byte array
                    write to image file
        */

        if ((height - y) < maxrps) {
          maxrps = height - y;
        }

        if (jpegos != null) { // jpeg: SOI,SOF,SOS marker
          jpegos.startOfImage();
          int[] hv = {0x11, 0x11, 0x11}; // (Hi<<4)|Vi
          int[] q = {0, 0, 0}; // quantization table 0
          jpegos.startOfFrame(maxrps, width, hv, q);
          int[] sel = {0, 0, 0}; // DC,AC code table 0
          jpegos.startOfScan(sel);
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < maxrps; i++) { // write RGB data
          for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
            int c = imgdata[x + (y + i) * width];
            os.write((c >> 16) & 0x000000FF);
            os.write((c >> 8) & 0x000000FF);
            os.write(c & 0x000000FF);
          }
        }
        os.close(); // jpeg: EOI marker

        byte[] data = baos.toByteArray();
        counts.setCount(index, data.length); // update ifd strip counter array
        offsets.setOffset(index, out.getStreamPosition()); // update ifd image data offset array
        out.write(data); // write to image stream
        baos.reset();
        index++;
      }
      return ifd;
    } catch (Exception e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
      throw new IOException(getClass().getName() + ".writeRGBImage:\n\t" + e.getMessage());
    }
  }
  private IFD writeBModHufImage(
      ImageOutputStream out, BufferedImage image, TIFFImageWriteParam param) throws IOException {
    try {
      int width = image.getWidth();
      int height = image.getHeight();

      IFD ifd = new IFD(); // entries need to be in tag order !

      ifd.add(new DEFactory.NewSubfileTypeDE(2)); // 254 single page of multipage file
      ifd.add(new DEFactory.ImageWidthDE(width)); // 256
      ifd.add(new DEFactory.ImageLengthDE(height)); // 257
      ifd.add(new DEFactory.CompressionDE(CCITTGROUP3MODHUFFMAN)); // 259
      ifd.add(new DEFactory.PhotometricInterpretationDE(WhiteIsZero)); // 262

      int maxrps, maxstripes; // max RowsPerStrip
      if ((1 << 13) <= width) {
        maxrps = 1;
        maxstripes = height; // one row per stripe
      } else {
        maxrps = (1 << 13) / width;
        maxstripes = (height + maxrps - 1) / maxrps;
      }

      DEFactory.StripOffsetsDE offsets = new DEFactory.StripOffsetsDE(maxstripes);
      ifd.add(offsets); // 273
      ifd.add(new DEFactory.RowsPerStripDE(maxrps)); // 278
      DEFactory.StripByteCountsDE counts = new DEFactory.StripByteCountsDE(maxstripes);
      ifd.add(counts); // 279

      if (param == null) {
        ifd.add(new DEFactory.XResolutionDE(72.0)); // 282
        ifd.add(new DEFactory.YResolutionDE(72.0)); // 283
      } else {
        ifd.add(new DEFactory.XResolutionDE(param.getXResolution())); // 282
        ifd.add(new DEFactory.YResolutionDE(param.getYResolution())); // 283
      }
      ifd.add(new DEFactory.ResolutionUnitDE(Inch)); // 296

      int index = 0;
      for (int y = 0; y < height; y += maxrps) {
        /*
        Assume bilevel image (black/white[=-1])

        Each strip: count run length
                    encode into modified hufman codes
                    swap bits
                    save in byte array
                    write to image file
        */

        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        BitSwapOutputStream bsos = new BitSwapOutputStream(baos);
        ModHuffmanOutputStream mhos = new ModHuffmanOutputStream(bsos);

        RLEOutputStream rlos =
            new RLEOutputStream(mhos, 3); // rgb = 3 bytes per sample code word (not needed here)

        for (int i = 0; i < maxrps; i++) {
          if ((y + i) == height) {
            break;
          } // last strip might have less rows
          rlos.setStartCodeWord(-1); // white run first
          for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
            rlos.write(image.getRGB(x, y + i));
          }
          rlos.flush(); // write padding after ever image row
        }
        rlos.close();

        byte[] data = baos.toByteArray();
        counts.setCount(index, data.length); // update ifd strip counter array
        offsets.setOffset(index, out.getStreamPosition()); // update ifd image data offset array
        out.write(data); // write to image stream

        index++;
      }
      return ifd;
    } catch (Exception e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
      throw new IOException(getClass().getName() + ".writeBModHufImage:\n\t" + e.getMessage());
    }
  }