public static ArrayList<Country> selectCountries(Connection conn) throws SQLException {
   ArrayList<Country> countries = new ArrayList();
   PreparedStatement stmt = conn.prepareStatement("SELECT * FROM countries");
   ResultSet results = stmt.executeQuery();
   while (results.next()) {
     Country country = new Country();
     country.id = results.getInt("id");
     country.name = results.getString("name");
     country.abbrev = results.getString("abbrev");
     countries.add(country);
   }
   return countries;
 }
 public static Country selectCountry(Connection conn, int id) throws SQLException {
   Country country = null;
   PreparedStatement stmt = conn.prepareStatement("SELECT * FROM countries WHERE id = ?");
   stmt.setInt(1, id);
   ResultSet results = stmt.executeQuery();
   if (results.next()) {
     country = new Country();
     country.id = results.getInt("id");
     country.name = results.getString("name");
     country.abbrev = results.getString("abbrev");
   }
   return country;
 }