public VolatileImage renderBackgroundLayer(int LayerNumber) {
    // create hardware accellerated background layer (Volatile Image)
    backgroundLayer[LayerNumber] =
        this.getGraphicsConfiguration()
            .createCompatibleVolatileImage(
                loadedLevel.getWidth() * 16,
                loadedLevel.getHeight() * 16,
                Transparency.TRANSLUCENT);
    Graphics2D g2d = backgroundLayer[LayerNumber].createGraphics();
    g2d.setComposite(AlphaComposite.Src);

    // Clear the image.
    g2d.setColor(new Color(0, 0, 0, 0));
    g2d.fillRect(
        0, 0, backgroundLayer[LayerNumber].getWidth(), backgroundLayer[LayerNumber].getHeight());
    g2d.setBackground(new Color(0, 0, 0, 0));

    g2d.setColor(new Color(1f, 1f, 1f, 1f));
    for (int i = 0;
        i
            < backgroundLayer[LayerNumber].getWidth(this)
                / backgroundImage[LayerNumber].getWidth(this);
        i++) {
      g2d.drawImage(
          backgroundImage[LayerNumber], i * backgroundImage[LayerNumber].getWidth(this), 0, this);
    }
    return backgroundLayer[LayerNumber];
  }
  public void initialize() {

    // openLevelFile images:
    try {
      boxSpriteSheet = ImageIO.read(new File("ItemContainer.png"));
      coinSpriteSheet = ImageIO.read(new File("Coin.png"));
    } catch (Exception e) {
    }

    if (openLevelFile == false) {
      try {
        loadLevel(initLevel);
      } catch (Exception e) {
        System.out.println(e);
      }
    } else {
      loadLevel(FileOpenDialog("Open ..."));
    }

    // create tile layer:
    renderTileLayer();

    // create bg layer:
    backgroundLayer = new VolatileImage[backgroundImage.length];

    // render layer:
    for (int i = 0; i < backgroundImage.length; i++) {
      renderBackgroundLayer(0);
      renderBackgroundLayer(1);
    }

    // create hardware accellerated rendering layer:
    renderImage =
        this.getGraphicsConfiguration()
            .createCompatibleVolatileImage(
                loadedLevel.getWidth() * 16,
                loadedLevel.getHeight() * 16,
                Transparency.TRANSLUCENT);
    Graphics2D g2d = renderImage.createGraphics();
    g2d.setComposite(AlphaComposite.Src);

    // Clear the image.
    g2d.setColor(new Color(0, 0, 0, 0));
    g2d.fillRect(0, 0, renderImage.getWidth(), renderImage.getHeight());
    g2d.setBackground(new Color(0, 0, 0, 0));
  }
  public VolatileImage renderTileLayer() {
    // create hardware accellerated tile layer (Volatile Image)
    tileLayer =
        this.getGraphicsConfiguration()
            .createCompatibleVolatileImage(
                loadedLevel.getWidth() * 16,
                loadedLevel.getHeight() * 16,
                Transparency.TRANSLUCENT);
    Graphics2D g2d = tileLayer.createGraphics();
    g2d.setComposite(AlphaComposite.Src);

    // Clear the image.
    g2d.setColor(new Color(0, 0, 0, 0));
    g2d.fillRect(0, 0, tileLayer.getWidth(), tileLayer.getHeight());
    g2d.setBackground(new Color(0, 0, 0, 0));

    g2d.setColor(new Color(1f, 1f, 1f, 1f));

    for (int i = 0; i < numberOfTiles; i++) {
      tile[i].draw(g2d, this);
    }

    return tileLayer;
  }
  public static void loadLevel(File levelFile) {

    // clean up old loads:
    loadedLevel.clean();

    if (levelFile != null) {
      GameObject[] go = new GameObject[0];

      try {
        loadedLevel = new Level(levelFile.getPath());
        camera = loadedLevel.getCamera();
        go = loadedLevel.getGameObjects();
      } catch (Exception e) {
        System.out.println(e);
      }

      // Reset numberOf ...
      numberOfBoxes = 0;
      numberOfSprites = 0;
      numberOfTiles = 0;

      for (int i = 0; i < actor.length; i++) {
        actor[i] = null;
      }

      backgroundImage = new Image[2];

      try {
        tileSheet = ImageIO.read(new File(loadedLevel.levelName + "/tilesheet.png"));
        backgroundImage[0] = ImageIO.read(new File(loadedLevel.levelName + "/bg0.png"));
        backgroundImage[1] = ImageIO.read(new File(loadedLevel.levelName + "/bg1.png"));
      } catch (Exception e) {
        System.out.println("ERROR loading images: " + e);
      }

      int MapWidth = loadedLevel.getWidth();
      int MapHeight = loadedLevel.getHeight();

      for (int y = 0; y < MapHeight; y++) {
        for (int x = 0; x < MapWidth; x++) {
          // Number entered in the position represents tileNumber;
          // position of the sprite x*16, y*16

          // get char at position X/Y in the levelLoaded string
          char CharAtXY =
              loadedLevel.level.substring(MapWidth * y, loadedLevel.level.length()).charAt(x);

          // Load objects into the engine/game
          for (int i = 0; i < go.length; i++) {
            if (CharAtXY == go[i].objectChar) {
              try {
                invoke(
                    "game.objects." + go[i].name,
                    "new" + go[i].name,
                    new Class[] {Point.class},
                    new Object[] {new Point(x * 16, y * 16)});
              } catch (Exception e) {
                System.out.println("ERROR trying to invoke method: " + e);
              }
            }
          }

          // Load tiles into engine/game
          // 48 = '0' , 57 = '9'
          if ((int) CharAtXY >= 48 && (int) CharAtXY <= 57) {
            tileObject[gameMain.numberOfTiles] = new WorldTile(Integer.parseInt(CharAtXY + ""));
            tileObject[gameMain.numberOfTiles - 1].sprite.setPosition(x * 16, y * 16);
          }
        }
      }

      // clean up:
      loadedLevel.clean();

      // additional game-specific loading options:
      camera.forceSetPosition(new Point(mario.spawn.x, camera.prefHeight));
      pCoin = new PopupCoin(new Point(-80, -80));

      levelLoaded = true;
    } else {
      System.out.println("Loading cancelled...");
    }
  }
  public VolatileImage render() {

    Graphics2D g2d = renderImage.createGraphics();

    try {

      // Draw background layer:
      for (int i = 0; i < backgroundLayer.length; i++) {
        g2d.drawImage(
            backgroundLayer[i],
            -(int) (camera.position.x * Math.pow(0.5, backgroundLayer.length - i)),
            -(int) (camera.position.y * Math.pow(0.5, backgroundLayer.length - i))
                + backgroundLayer[i].getHeight(this)
                - backgroundLayer[i].getHeight(this) / (i + 1),
            this);
      }

    } catch (Exception e) {
    }

    // Draw Tiles: (new)
    try {
      g2d.drawImage(
          tileLayer,
          camera.center.x - camera.position.x,
          camera.center.y - camera.position.y,
          this);
    } catch (Exception e) {
    }

    // Draw all kinds of Sprites:

    try {
      int a = 0;

      while (sprite[a] != null) {
        // Play Animation for sprite:
        if (sprite[a].animation.plays == true) {
          sprite[a].getAnimation().nextFrame();
        }

        // -- Draw sprite:
        g2d.drawImage(
            sprite[a].img,
            /*X1*/ sprite[a].posx
                + ((sprite[a].flipH - 1) / (-2)) * sprite[a].size.width /*camera*/
                - camera.position.x
                + camera.center.x, /*Y1*/
            sprite[a].posy
                + ((sprite[a].flipV - 1) / (-2)) * sprite[a].size.height /*camera*/
                - camera.position.y
                + camera.center.y,
            /*X2*/ sprite[a].posx
                + sprite[a].size.width * sprite[a].flipH
                + ((sprite[a].flipH - 1) / (-2)) * sprite[a].size.width /*camera*/
                - camera.position.x
                + camera.center.x, /*Y2*/
            sprite[a].posy
                + sprite[a].size.height * sprite[a].flipV
                + ((sprite[a].flipV - 1) / (-2)) * sprite[a].size.height /*camera*/
                - camera.position.y
                + camera.center.y, // destination
            sprite[a].getAnimation().col * sprite[a].size.width,
            sprite[a].getAnimation().row * sprite[a].size.height, // source
            (sprite[a].getAnimation().col + 1) * sprite[a].size.width,
            (sprite[a].getAnimation().row + 1) * sprite[a].size.height,
            this);

        a++;
      }
    } catch (Exception e) {
      g2d.drawString("Error drawing a Sprite", 20, 20);
    }

    // Draw "GUI":
    g2d.drawImage(coinSpriteSheet, 16, 16, 32, 32, 0, 0, 16, 16, this);
    g2d.setColor(Color.BLACK);
    g2d.drawString("x " + collectedCoins, 32, 30);
    g2d.setColor(Color.WHITE);
    g2d.drawString("x " + collectedCoins, 32, 29);

    if (showSpritePos == true) {
      for (int i = 0; i < numberOfSprites; i++) {
        g2d.setColor(Color.red);
        g2d.drawRect(
            /*X1*/ sprite[i].posx /*camera*/ - camera.position.x + camera.center.x, /*Y1*/
            sprite[i].posy /*camera*/ - camera.position.y + camera.center.y,
            1,
            1);
        g2d.setColor(Color.black);
      }
    }

    if (showSpriteNum == true) {
      for (int i = 0; i < numberOfSprites; i++) {
        g2d.setColor(Color.black);
        g2d.drawString(
            "" + i, /*X1*/
            sprite[i].posx /*camera*/ - camera.position.x + camera.center.x, /*Y1*/
            sprite[i].posy /*camera*/ - camera.position.y + camera.center.y);
        g2d.setColor(Color.white);
        g2d.drawString(
            "" + i, /*X1*/
            sprite[i].posx /*camera*/ - camera.position.x + camera.center.x, /*Y1*/
            sprite[i].posy /*camera*/ - camera.position.y + camera.center.y - 1);
      }
    }

    if (showSpritePos == true) {
      for (int i = 0; i < numberOfTiles; i++) {
        g2d.setColor(Color.red);
        g2d.drawRect(
            /*X1*/ tile[i].posx
                + ((tile[i].flipH - 1) / (-2)) * tile[i].size.width /*camera*/
                - camera.position.x
                + camera.center.x, /*Y1*/
            tile[i].posy
                + ((tile[i].flipV - 1) / (-2)) * tile[i].size.height /*camera*/
                - camera.position.y
                + camera.center.y,
            1,
            1);
        g2d.setColor(Color.black);
      }
    }

    if (showCamera == true) {
      g2d.setColor(Color.red);
      g2d.drawLine(
          0,
          camera.prefHeight - camera.position.y + camera.center.y,
          loadedLevel.getWidth() * 16,
          camera.prefHeight - camera.position.y + camera.center.y);
      g2d.setColor(new Color(1, 0, 0, 0.33f));
      g2d.fillRect(
          0,
          camera.prefHeight - camera.position.y + camera.tolerance,
          loadedLevel.getWidth() * 16,
          camera.tolerance);
      g2d.setColor(new Color(0, 1, 0, 0.33f));
      g2d.fillRect(
          camera.center.x - camera.position.x + camera.center.x,
          camera.center.y - camera.position.y + camera.center.y,
          camera.bounds.width - 2 * camera.center.x,
          camera.bounds.height);
      g2d.setColor(Color.green);
      g2d.drawLine(
          camera.center.x - camera.position.x + camera.center.x,
          0,
          camera.center.x - camera.position.x + camera.center.x,
          999);
      g2d.drawLine(
          camera.bounds.width - camera.center.x - camera.position.x + camera.center.x,
          0,
          camera.bounds.width - camera.center.x - camera.position.x + camera.center.x,
          999);
    }

    return renderImage;
  }
  // -- Main Loop
  public void run() {

    // called only once:
    initialize();

    // create me a timer
    Timer t = new Timer();

    // start main loop:
    while (true) {

      if (levelLoaded == true) {

        camera.follow(mario.sprite);

        // act() all actors that are actable:
        int a = 0;
        while (actor[a] != null && actor[a] instanceof Actable) {
          Actable actable = (Actable) actor[a];
          actable.act();
          a++;
        }

        pCoin.fly();

        for (int i = 0; i < numberOfBoxes; i++) {
          try {
            box[i].open();
          } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("ERROR: " + e);
          }
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < numberOfCoins; i++) {
          try {
            coin[i].collect();
          } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("ERROR: " + e);
          }
        }

        // reset mario if fallen off from screen:
        if (mario.sprite.posy > loadedLevel.getHeight() * 16) {
          camera.position = new Point(width / 2, camera.prefHeight + camera.tolerance);
          mario.sprite.setPosition(new Point(gameMain.mario.spawn.x, gameMain.mario.spawn.y));
        }
      }

      try {

        // Draw to panel if not Fullscreen
        if (fullscreen == false) {

          t.start();

          render();
          repaint();

          System.out.println("FPS: " + (int) (((100 / (double) t.stop())) * 2));

        } else {

          t.start();

          long sleeptime = 5 - t.stop();

          // calculate sleep time (max fps)
          if (sleeptime < 0) {
            sleeptime = 0;
          }

          main.sleep(1L + sleeptime);

          fps = (int) (((100 / (double) t.stop())) * 2);

          System.out.println("FPS: " + fps);
        }
      } catch (Exception e) {

      }
    }
  }