/**
* Applies the sorted and unmachted attribute list to the provided {@link Attributes}. All
* unmachted attributes are removed from attributes and all {@link Attribute}s from the sorted
* list are added in correct order.
*
* @param sortedAttributeList attributes that will be removed first and added in correct order
* afterwards.
* @param unmachtedAttributes attributes that should be removed. May be <code>null</code> if no
* attributes should be removed.
*/
private void applySortedAttributes(
List<Attribute> sortedAttributeList,
List<Attribute> unmachtedAttributes,
Attributes attributes) {
if (unmachtedAttributes != null) {
for (Attribute unmachted : unmachtedAttributes) {
attributes.remove(unmachted);
}
}
for (Attribute attribute : sortedAttributeList) {
AttributeRole role = attributes.getRole(attribute);
attributes.remove(attribute);
if (role.isSpecial()) {
attributes.setSpecialAttribute(attribute, role.getSpecialName());
} else { // regular
attributes.addRegular(attribute);
}
}
}
@Override
public ExampleSet applyOnData(ExampleSet exampleSet) throws OperatorException {
Attributes attributes = exampleSet.getAttributes();
// constructing new attributes with generic names, holding old ones, if old type wasn't real
Attribute[] oldAttributes = new Attribute[attributes.size()];
int i = 0;
for (Attribute attribute : attributes) {
oldAttributes[i] = attribute;
i++;
}
Attribute[] newAttributes = new Attribute[attributes.size()];
for (i = 0; i < newAttributes.length; i++) {
newAttributes[i] = oldAttributes[i];
if (oldAttributes[i].isNumerical())
if (!Ontology.ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_TYPE.isA(oldAttributes[i].getValueType(), Ontology.REAL)) {
newAttributes[i] = AttributeFactory.createAttribute(Ontology.REAL);
exampleSet.getExampleTable().addAttribute(newAttributes[i]);
attributes.addRegular(newAttributes[i]);
}
}
// applying on data
applyOnData(exampleSet, oldAttributes, newAttributes);
// removing old attributes and change new attributes name to old ones if needed
for (i = 0; i < oldAttributes.length; i++) {
attributes.remove(oldAttributes[i]);
// if attribute is new, then remove for later storing in correct order
if (oldAttributes[i] != newAttributes[i]) attributes.remove(newAttributes[i]);
attributes.addRegular(newAttributes[i]);
newAttributes[i].setName(oldAttributes[i].getName());
}
return exampleSet;
}
@Override
public void doWork() throws OperatorException {
ExampleSet exampleSetOriginal = exampleSetInput.getData(ExampleSet.class);
ExampleSet exampleSet = (ExampleSet) exampleSetOriginal.clone();
int numberOfAttributes = exampleSet.getAttributes().size();
Attributes attributes = exampleSet.getAttributes();
int maxNumberOfAttributes =
Math.min(getParameterAsInt(PARAMETER_MAX_ATTRIBUTES), numberOfAttributes - 1);
int maxNumberOfFails = getParameterAsInt(PARAMETER_ALLOWED_CONSECUTIVE_FAILS);
int behavior = getParameterAsInt(PARAMETER_STOPPING_BEHAVIOR);
boolean useRelativeIncrease =
(behavior == WITH_DECREASE_EXCEEDS)
? getParameterAsBoolean(PARAMETER_USE_RELATIVE_DECREASE)
: false;
double maximalDecrease = 0;
if (useRelativeIncrease)
maximalDecrease =
useRelativeIncrease
? getParameterAsDouble(PARAMETER_MAX_RELATIVE_DECREASE)
: getParameterAsDouble(PARAMETER_MAX_ABSOLUT_DECREASE);
double alpha =
(behavior == WITH_DECREASE_SIGNIFICANT) ? getParameterAsDouble(PARAMETER_ALPHA) : 0d;
// remembering attributes and removing all from example set
Attribute[] attributeArray = new Attribute[numberOfAttributes];
int i = 0;
Iterator<Attribute> iterator = attributes.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
Attribute attribute = iterator.next();
attributeArray[i] = attribute;
i++;
}
boolean[] selected = new boolean[numberOfAttributes];
Arrays.fill(selected, true);
boolean earlyAbort = false;
List<Integer> speculativeList = new ArrayList<Integer>(maxNumberOfFails);
int numberOfFails = maxNumberOfFails;
currentNumberOfFeatures = numberOfAttributes;
currentAttributes = attributes;
PerformanceVector lastPerformance = getPerformance(exampleSet);
PerformanceVector bestPerformanceEver = lastPerformance;
for (i = 0; i < maxNumberOfAttributes && !earlyAbort; i++) {
// setting values for logging
currentNumberOfFeatures = numberOfAttributes - i - 1;
// performing a round
int bestIndex = 0;
PerformanceVector currentBestPerformance = null;
for (int current = 0; current < numberOfAttributes; current++) {
if (selected[current]) {
// switching off
attributes.remove(attributeArray[current]);
currentAttributes = attributes;
// evaluate performance
PerformanceVector performance = getPerformance(exampleSet);
if (currentBestPerformance == null || performance.compareTo(currentBestPerformance) > 0) {
bestIndex = current;
currentBestPerformance = performance;
}
// switching on
attributes.addRegular(attributeArray[current]);
currentAttributes = null; // removing reference
}
}
double currentFitness = currentBestPerformance.getMainCriterion().getFitness();
if (i != 0) {
double lastFitness = lastPerformance.getMainCriterion().getFitness();
// switch stopping behavior
switch (behavior) {
case WITH_DECREASE:
if (lastFitness >= currentFitness) earlyAbort = true;
break;
case WITH_DECREASE_EXCEEDS:
if (useRelativeIncrease) {
// relative increase testing
if (currentFitness < lastFitness - Math.abs(lastFitness * maximalDecrease))
earlyAbort = true;
} else {
// absolute increase testing
if (currentFitness < lastFitness - maximalDecrease) earlyAbort = true;
}
break;
case WITH_DECREASE_SIGNIFICANT:
AnovaCalculator calculator = new AnovaCalculator();
calculator.setAlpha(alpha);
PerformanceCriterion pc = currentBestPerformance.getMainCriterion();
calculator.addGroup(pc.getAverageCount(), pc.getAverage(), pc.getVariance());
pc = lastPerformance.getMainCriterion();
calculator.addGroup(pc.getAverageCount(), pc.getAverage(), pc.getVariance());
SignificanceTestResult result;
try {
result = calculator.performSignificanceTest();
} catch (SignificanceCalculationException e) {
throw new UserError(this, 920, e.getMessage());
}
if (lastFitness > currentFitness && result.getProbability() < alpha) earlyAbort = true;
}
}
if (earlyAbort) {
// check if there are some free tries left
if (numberOfFails == 0) {
break;
}
numberOfFails--;
speculativeList.add(bestIndex);
earlyAbort = false;
// needs performance increase compared to better performance of current and last!
if (currentBestPerformance.compareTo(lastPerformance) > 0)
lastPerformance = currentBestPerformance;
} else {
// resetting maximal number of fails.
numberOfFails = maxNumberOfFails;
speculativeList.clear();
lastPerformance = currentBestPerformance;
bestPerformanceEver = currentBestPerformance;
}
// switching best index off
attributes.remove(attributeArray[bestIndex]);
selected[bestIndex] = false;
}
// add predictively removed attributes: speculative execution did not yield good result
for (Integer removeIndex : speculativeList) {
selected[removeIndex] = true;
attributes.addRegular(attributeArray[removeIndex]);
}
AttributeWeights weights = new AttributeWeights();
i = 0;
for (Attribute attribute : attributeArray) {
if (selected[i]) weights.setWeight(attribute.getName(), 1d);
else weights.setWeight(attribute.getName(), 0d);
i++;
}
exampleSetOutput.deliver(exampleSet);
performanceOutput.deliver(bestPerformanceEver);
weightsOutput.deliver(weights);
}
@Override
public ExampleSet apply(ExampleSet exampleSet) throws OperatorException {
// searching confidence attributes
Attributes attributes = exampleSet.getAttributes();
Attribute predictedLabel = attributes.getPredictedLabel();
if (predictedLabel == null) {
throw new UserError(this, 107);
}
NominalMapping mapping = predictedLabel.getMapping();
int numberOfLabels = mapping.size();
Attribute[] confidences = new Attribute[numberOfLabels];
String[] labelValue = new String[numberOfLabels];
int i = 0;
for (String value : mapping.getValues()) {
labelValue[i] = value;
confidences[i] = attributes.getConfidence(value);
if (confidences[i] == null) {
throw new UserError(this, 154, value);
}
i++;
}
// generating new prediction attributes
int k = Math.min(numberOfLabels, getParameterAsInt(PARAMETER_NUMBER_OF_RANKS));
Attribute[] kthPredictions = new Attribute[k];
Attribute[] kthConfidences = new Attribute[k];
for (i = 0; i < k; i++) {
kthPredictions[i] = AttributeFactory.createAttribute(predictedLabel.getValueType());
kthPredictions[i].setName(predictedLabel.getName() + "_" + (i + 1));
kthPredictions[i].setMapping((NominalMapping) predictedLabel.getMapping().clone());
kthConfidences[i] = AttributeFactory.createAttribute(Ontology.REAL);
kthConfidences[i].setName(Attributes.CONFIDENCE_NAME + "_" + (i + 1));
attributes.addRegular(kthPredictions[i]);
attributes.addRegular(kthConfidences[i]);
attributes.setSpecialAttribute(kthPredictions[i], Attributes.PREDICTION_NAME + "_" + (i + 1));
attributes.setSpecialAttribute(kthConfidences[i], Attributes.CONFIDENCE_NAME + "_" + (i + 1));
}
exampleSet.getExampleTable().addAttributes(Arrays.asList(kthConfidences));
exampleSet.getExampleTable().addAttributes(Arrays.asList(kthPredictions));
// now setting values
for (Example example : exampleSet) {
ArrayList<Tupel<Double, Integer>> labelConfidences =
new ArrayList<Tupel<Double, Integer>>(numberOfLabels);
for (i = 0; i < numberOfLabels; i++) {
labelConfidences.add(new Tupel<Double, Integer>(example.getValue(confidences[i]), i));
}
Collections.sort(labelConfidences);
for (i = 0; i < k; i++) {
Tupel<Double, Integer> tupel = labelConfidences.get(numberOfLabels - i - 1);
example.setValue(
kthPredictions[i],
tupel.getSecond()); // Can use index since mapping has been cloned from above
example.setValue(kthConfidences[i], tupel.getFirst());
}
}
// deleting old prediction / confidences
attributes.remove(predictedLabel);
if (getParameterAsBoolean(PARAMETER_REMOVE_OLD_PREDICTIONS)) {
for (i = 0; i < confidences.length; i++) {
attributes.remove(confidences[i]);
}
}
return exampleSet;
}
@Override
public ExampleSet apply(ExampleSet exampleSet) throws OperatorException {
exampleSet.recalculateAllAttributeStatistics();
Attributes attributes = exampleSet.getAttributes();
if (attributeNames.length != attributes.size()) {
throw new UserError(null, 133, numberOfComponents, attributes.size());
}
// remember attributes that have been removed during training. These will be removed lateron
Attribute[] inputAttributes = new Attribute[getTrainingHeader().getAttributes().size()];
int d = 0;
for (Attribute oldAttribute : getTrainingHeader().getAttributes()) {
inputAttributes[d] = attributes.get(oldAttribute.getName());
d++;
}
// determining number of used components
int numberOfUsedComponents = -1;
if (manualNumber) {
numberOfUsedComponents = numberOfComponents;
} else {
if (varianceThreshold == 0.0d) {
numberOfUsedComponents = -1;
} else {
numberOfUsedComponents = 0;
while (cumulativeVariance[numberOfUsedComponents] < varianceThreshold) {
numberOfUsedComponents++;
}
numberOfUsedComponents++;
if (numberOfUsedComponents == eigenVectors.size()) {
numberOfUsedComponents--;
}
}
}
if (numberOfUsedComponents == -1) {
// keep all components
numberOfUsedComponents = attributes.size();
}
// retrieve factors inside eigenVectors
double[][] eigenValueFactors = new double[numberOfUsedComponents][attributeNames.length];
for (int i = 0; i < numberOfUsedComponents; i++) {
eigenValueFactors[i] = this.eigenVectors.get(i).getEigenvector();
}
// now build new attributes
Attribute[] derivedAttributes = new Attribute[numberOfUsedComponents];
for (int i = 0; i < numberOfUsedComponents; i++) {
derivedAttributes[i] = AttributeFactory.createAttribute("pc_" + (i + 1), Ontology.REAL);
exampleSet.getExampleTable().addAttribute(derivedAttributes[i]);
attributes.addRegular(derivedAttributes[i]);
}
// now iterator through all examples and derive value of new features
double[] derivedValues = new double[numberOfUsedComponents];
for (Example example : exampleSet) {
// calculate values of new attributes with single scan over attributes
d = 0;
for (Attribute attribute : inputAttributes) {
double attributeValue = example.getValue(attribute) - means[d];
for (int i = 0; i < numberOfUsedComponents; i++) {
derivedValues[i] += eigenValueFactors[i][d] * attributeValue;
}
d++;
}
// set values
for (int i = 0; i < numberOfUsedComponents; i++) {
example.setValue(derivedAttributes[i], derivedValues[i]);
}
// set values back
Arrays.fill(derivedValues, 0);
}
// now remove attributes if needed
if (!keepAttributes) {
for (Attribute attribute : inputAttributes) {
attributes.remove(attribute);
}
}
return exampleSet;
}
@Override
public ExampleSet apply(ExampleSet inputExampleSet) throws OperatorException {
ExampleSet exampleSet = (ExampleSet) inputExampleSet.clone();
Attributes attributes = exampleSet.getAttributes();
if (attributeNames.length != attributes.size()) {
throw new UserError(null, 133, numberOfComponents, attributes.size());
}
// remember attributes that have been removed during training. These will be removed lateron
Attribute[] inputAttributes = new Attribute[getTrainingHeader().getAttributes().size()];
int d = 0;
for (Attribute oldAttribute : getTrainingHeader().getAttributes()) {
inputAttributes[d] = attributes.get(oldAttribute.getName());
d++;
}
// determining number of used components
int numberOfUsedComponents = -1;
if (manualNumber) {
numberOfUsedComponents = numberOfComponents;
} else {
if (proportionThreshold == 0.0d) {
numberOfUsedComponents = -1;
} else {
numberOfUsedComponents = 0;
while (cumulativeSingularValueProportion[numberOfUsedComponents] < proportionThreshold) {
numberOfUsedComponents++;
}
numberOfUsedComponents++;
}
}
// if nothing defined or number exceeds maximal number of possible components
if (numberOfUsedComponents == -1 || numberOfUsedComponents > getNumberOfComponents()) {
// keep all components
numberOfUsedComponents = getNumberOfComponents();
}
// retrieve factors inside singularValueVectors
double[][] singularValueFactors = new double[numberOfUsedComponents][attributeNames.length];
double[][] vMatrixData = vMatrix.getArray();
for (int i = 0; i < numberOfUsedComponents; i++) {
double invertedSingularValue = 1d / singularValues[i];
for (int j = 0; j < attributeNames.length; j++) {
singularValueFactors[i][j] = vMatrixData[j][i] * invertedSingularValue;
}
}
// now build new attributes
Attribute[] derivedAttributes = new Attribute[numberOfUsedComponents];
for (int i = 0; i < numberOfUsedComponents; i++) {
if (useLegacyNames) {
derivedAttributes[i] = AttributeFactory.createAttribute("d" + i, Ontology.REAL);
} else {
derivedAttributes[i] = AttributeFactory.createAttribute("svd_" + (i + 1), Ontology.REAL);
}
exampleSet.getExampleTable().addAttribute(derivedAttributes[i]);
attributes.addRegular(derivedAttributes[i]);
}
// now iterator through all examples and derive value of new features
double[] derivedValues = new double[numberOfUsedComponents];
for (Example example : exampleSet) {
// calculate values of new attributes with single scan over attributes
d = 0;
for (Attribute attribute : inputAttributes) {
double attributeValue = example.getValue(attribute);
for (int i = 0; i < numberOfUsedComponents; i++) {
derivedValues[i] += singularValueFactors[i][d] * attributeValue;
}
d++;
}
// set values
for (int i = 0; i < numberOfUsedComponents; i++) {
example.setValue(derivedAttributes[i], derivedValues[i]);
}
// set values back
Arrays.fill(derivedValues, 0);
}
// now remove attributes if needed
if (!keepAttributes) {
for (Attribute attribute : inputAttributes) {
attributes.remove(attribute);
}
}
return exampleSet;
}