A Java library to parse, validate, migrate crons as well as get human readable descriptions for them. The project follows the Semantic Versioning Convention and uses Apache 2.0 license.
Download
cron-utils is available on Maven central repository.
<dependency>
<groupId>com.cronutils</groupId>
<artifactId>cron-utils</artifactId>
<version>4.0.0</version>
</dependency>
Features
- Create arbitrary cron expressions: you can define your own cron format! Supported fields are: second, minute, hour, day of month, month, day of week, year.
- You can flag last field as optional!
- Supports all cron special characters: * / , -
- Non-standard characters L, W, LW, '?' and # are supported as well!
- Print to locale specific human readable format (English, German, Korean and Spanish are fully supported. Dutch, French, Italian and Portuguese have basic support).
- Parse and Description process are decoupled: parse once and operate with the result!
- Build cron expressions using CronBuilder:
- no need to remember fields and constraints for each cron provider
- crons become decoupled from cron provider: anytime you can export to another format.
- Check if cron expressions are equivalent
- Validate if cron string expressions match a cron definition
- Convert crons between different cron definitions: if you need to migrate expressions, CronMapper may help you!
- Pre-defined definitions for the following cron libraries are provided:
- Obtain last/next execution time as well as time from last execution/time to next execution.
- Need to map constants between different cron/time libraries? Use ConstantsMapper.
Usage Examples
Build cron definitions
//define your own cron: arbitrary fields are allowed and last field can be optional
CronDefinition cronDefinition =
CronDefinitionBuilder.define()
.withSeconds().and()
.withMinutes().and()
.withHours().and()
.withDayOfMonth()
.supportsHash().supportsL().supportsW().and()
.withMonth().and()
.withDayOfWeek()
.withIntMapping(7, 0) //we support non-standard non-zero-based numbers!
.supportsHash().supportsL().supportsW().and()
.withYear().and()
.lastFieldOptional()
.instance();
//or get a predefined instance
cronDefinition = CronDefinitionBuilder.instanceDefinitionFor(QUARTZ);
Build a cron expression
//Create a cron expression. CronMigrator will ensure you remain cron provider agnostic
import static com.cronutils.model.field.expression.FieldExpressionFactory.*;
Cron cron = CronBuilder.cron(CronDefinitionBuilder.instanceDefinitionFor(CronType.QUARTZ))
.withYear(always())
.withDoM(between(SpecialChar.L, 3))
.withMonth(always())
.withDoW(questionMark())
.withHour(always())
.withMinute(always())
.withSecond(on(0))
.instance();
//Obtain the string expression
String cronAsString = cron.asString();//0 * * L-3 * ? *
Parse
//create a parser based on provided definition
CronParser parser = new CronParser(cronDefinition);
Cron quartzCron = parser.parse("0 23 * ? * 1-5 *");
Describe
//create a descriptor for a specific Locale
CronDescriptor descriptor = CronDescriptor.instance(Locale.UK);
//parse some expression and ask descriptor for description
String description = descriptor.describe(parser.parse("*/45 * * * * ?"));
//description will be: "every 45 seconds"
description = descriptor.describe(quartzCron);
//description will be: "every hour at minute 23 every day between Monday and Friday"
//which is the same description we get for the cron below:
descriptor.describe(parser.parse("0 23 * ? * MON-FRI *"));
Migrate
//Migration between cron libraries has never been so easy!
//Turn cron expressions into another format by using CronMapper:
CronMapper cronMapper = CronMapper.fromQuartzToCron4j();
Cron cron4jCron = cronMapper.map(quartzCron);
//and to get a String representation of it, we can use
cron4jCron.asString();//will return: 23 * * * 1-5
Validate
cron4jCron.validate()
Calculate time from/to execution
//Get date for last execution
DateTime now = DateTime.now();
ExecutionTime executionTime = ExecutionTime.forCron(parser.parse("* * * * * * *"));
DateTime lastExecution = executionTime.lastExecution(now));
//Get date for next execution
DateTime nextExecution = executionTime.nextExecution(now));
//Time from last execution
Duration timeFromLastExecution = executionTime.timeFromLastExecution(now);
//Time to next execution
Duration timeToNextExecution = executionTime.timeToNextExecution(now);
Map constants between libraries
//Map day of week value from Quartz to JodaTime
int jodatimeDayOfWeek =
ConstantsMapper.weekDayMapping(
ConstantsMapper.QUARTZ_WEEK_DAY,
ConstantsMapper.JODATIME_WEEK_DAY
);
Date and time formatting for humans!
Use htime - Human readable datetime formatting for Java! Despite this functionality is not bundled in the same jar, is a cron-utils project you may find useful.
//You no longer need to remember "YYYY-MM-dd KK a" patterns.
DateTimeFormatter formatter =
HDateTimeFormatBuilder
.getInstance()
.forJodaTime()
.getFormatter(Locale.US)
.forPattern("June 9, 2011");
String formattedDateTime = formatter.print(lastExecution);
//formattedDateTime will be lastExecution in "dayOfWeek, Month day, Year" format
Contribute & Support!
Contributions are welcome! You can contribute by
- starring and/or Flattring this repo!
- requesting or adding new features. Check our roadmap!
- enhancing existing code: ex.: provide more accurate description cases
- testing
- enhancing documentation
- providing translations to support new locales
- bringing suggestions and reporting bugs
- spreading the word / telling us how you use it!
Check our page! For stats about the project, you can visit our OpenHUB profile.
Support us donating once or by subscription through Flattr!
Other cron-utils projects
You are welcome to visit and use the following cron-utils projects:
- htime: A Java library to make it easy for humans format a date. You no longer need to remember date time formatting chars: just write an example, and you will get the appropiate formatter.
- cron-utils-spring: A Java library to describe cron expressions in human readable language at Spring framework, using cron-utils.