GNU General Public License,
version 3 (GPL­3.0)
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 3, 29 June 2007
Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but
changing it is not allowed.
Preamble
The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for software and other kinds of works.
The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed to take away your
freedom to share and change the works. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is
intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change all versions of a program­­to make sure
it remains free software for all its users. We, the Free Software Foundation, use the GNU
General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to any other work released this
way by its authors. You can apply it to your programs, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our General Public
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To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you these rights or asking you to
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software, or if you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others.
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for a fee, you must
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Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps: (1) assert copyright on the
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The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow.
TERMS AND CONDITIONS
0. Definitions
“This License” refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
“Copyright” also means copyright­like laws that apply to other kinds of works, such as
semiconductor masks.
“The Program” refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this License. Each licensee is
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“modified version” of the earlier work or a work “based on” the earlier work.
A “covered work” means either the unmodified Program or a work based on the Program.
To “propagate” a work means to do anything with it that, without permission, would make you
directly or secondarily liable for infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it
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well.To “convey” a work means any kind of propagation that enables other parties to make or receive
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An interactive user interface displays “Appropriate Legal Notices” to the extent that it includes a
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1. Source Code.
The “source code” for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it.
“Object code” means any non­source form of a work.
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The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users can regenerate automatically
from other parts of the Corresponding Source.
The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that same work.2. Basic Permissions.
All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of copyright on the Program, and
are irrevocable provided the stated conditions are met. This License explicitly affirms your
unlimited permission to run the unmodified Program. The output from running a covered work is
covered by this License only if the output, given its content, constitutes a covered work. This
License acknowledges your rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law.
You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not convey, without conditions so
long as your license otherwise remains in force. You may convey covered works to others for the
sole purpose of having them make modifications exclusively for you, or provide you with facilities
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Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under the conditions stated below.
Sublicensing is not allowed; section 10 makes it unnecessary.
3. Protecting Users' Legal Rights From Anti­Circumvention Law.
No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological measure under any
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December 1996, or similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of such measures.
When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid circumvention of
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4. Conveying Verbatim Copies.
You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you receive it, in any medium,
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notice; keep intact all notices stating that this License and any non­permissive terms added in
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You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey, and you may offer support
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5. Conveying Modified Source Versions.You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to produce it from the
Program, in the form of source code under the terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all
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a) The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified it, and giving a relevant
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b) The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is released under this License and
any conditions added under section 7. This requirement modifies the requirement in section
4 to “keep intact all notices”.
c) You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this License to anyone who comes
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are packaged. This License gives no permission to license the work in any other way, but it
does not invalidate such permission if you have separately received it.
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however, if the Program has interactive interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal
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A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent works, which are not by
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the compilation and its resulting copyright are not used to limit the access or legal rights of the
compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. Inclusion of a covered work in an
aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other parts of the aggregate.
6. Conveying Non­Source Forms.
You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms of sections 4 and 5,
provided that you also convey the machine­readable Corresponding Source under the terms of
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a) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product (including a physical
distribution medium), accompanied by the Corresponding Source fixed on a durable
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b) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product (including a physical
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for as long as you offer spare parts or customer support for that product model, to give
anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a copy of the Corresponding Source for
all the software in the product that is covered by this License, on a durable physical
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reasonable cost of physically performing this conveying of source, or (2) access to copy the
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c) Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the written offer to provide the
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If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or specifically for use in, a User
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The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a requirement to continue to
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Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided, in accord with this
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reading or copying.
7. Additional Terms.
“Additional permissions” are terms that supplement the terms of this License by making
exceptions from one or more of its conditions. Additional permissions that are applicable to the
entire Program shall be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent that
they are valid under applicable law. If additional permissions apply only to part of the Program,
that part may be used separately under those permissions, but the entire Program remains
governed by this License without regard to the additional permissions.
When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option remove any additional
permissions from that copy, or from any part of it. (Additional permissions may be written to
require their own removal in certain cases when you modify the work.) You may place additional
permissions on material, added by you to a covered work, for which you have or can give
appropriate copyright permission.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you add to a covered work, you
may (if authorized by the copyright holders of that material) supplement the terms of this License
with terms:
a) Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the terms of sections 15 and 16 of
this License; or
b) Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or author attributions in that
material or in the Appropriate Legal Notices displayed by works containing it; or
c) Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or requiring that modified
versions of such material be marked in reasonable ways as different from the original
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or service marks; or
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conveys the material (or modified versions of it) with contractual assumptions of liability to
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All other non­permissive additional terms are considered “further restrictions” within the meaning
of section 10. If the Program as you received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is
governed by this License along with a term that is a further restriction, you may remove that term.If a license document contains a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this
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where to find the applicable terms.
Additional terms, permissive or non­permissive, may be stated in the form of a separately written
license, or stated as exceptions; the above requirements apply either way.
8. Termination.
You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly provided under this
License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or modify it is void, and will automatically terminate
your rights under this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third paragraph of
section 11).
However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license from a particular copyright
holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally
terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder fails to notify you of the
violation by some reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation.
Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated permanently if the
copyright holder notifies you of the violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you
have received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that copyright holder, and you
cure the violation prior to 30 days after your receipt of the notice.
Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the licenses of parties who have
received copies or rights from you under this License. If your rights have been terminated and not
permanently reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same material under
section 10.
9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or run a copy of the Program.
Ancillary propagation of a covered work occurring solely as a consequence of using peer­to­peer
transmission to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance. However, nothing other
than this License grants you permission to propagate or modify any covered work. These actions
infringe copyright if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a
covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.
10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically receives a license from the
original licensors, to run, modify and propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not
responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.
An “entity transaction” is a transaction transferring control of an organization, or substantially all
assets of one, or subdividing an organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a
covered work results from an entity transaction, each party to that transaction who receives a
copy of the work also receives whatever licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest
had or could give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the Corresponding
Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if the predecessor has it or can get it with
reasonable efforts.
You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the rights granted or affirmed
under this License. For example, you may not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for
exercise of rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation (including a
cross­claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that any patent claim is infringed by making,
using, selling, offering for sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
11. Patents.
A “contributor” is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this License of the Program or a
work on which the Program is based. The work thus licensed is called the contributor's
“contributor version”.
A contributor's “essential patent claims” are all patent claims owned or controlled by the
contributor, whether already acquired or hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some
manner, permitted by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version, but do not
include claims that would be infringed only as a consequence of further modification of the
contributor version. For purposes of this definition, “control” includes the right to grant patent
sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of this License.
Each contributor grants you a non­exclusive, worldwide, royalty­free patent license under the
contributor's essential patent claims, to make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run,
modify and propagate the contents of its contributor version.
In the following three paragraphs, a “patent license” is any express agreement or commitment,
however denominated, not to enforce a patent (such as an express permission to practice a
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means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a patent against the party.
If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license, and the Corresponding
Source of the work is not available for anyone to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this
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must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so available, or (2) arrange to depriveyourself of the benefit of the patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner
consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent license to downstream
recipients. “Knowingly relying” means you have actual knowledge that, but for the patent license,
your conveying the covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work in a
country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that country that you have reason to
believe are valid.
If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or arrangement, you convey, or
propagate by procuring conveyance of, a covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the
parties receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify or convey a
specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license you grant is automatically extended to
all recipients of the covered work and works based on it.
A patent license is “discriminatory” if it does not include within the scope of its coverage, prohibits
the exercise of, or is conditioned on the non­exercise of one or more of the rights that are
specifically granted under this License. You may not convey a covered work if you are a party to
an arrangement with a third party that is in the business of distributing software, under which you
make payment to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying the work, and
under which the third party grants, to any of the parties who would receive the covered work from
you, a discriminatory patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work conveyed
by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily for and in connection with specific
products or compilations that contain the covered work, unless you entered into that
arrangement, or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting any implied license or other
defenses to infringement that may otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict
the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you
cannot convey a covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License
and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not convey it at all. For
example, if you agree to terms that obligate you to collect a royalty for further conveying from
those to whom you convey the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this
License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have permission to link or combine any
covered work with a work licensed under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into
a single combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this License will continue
to apply to the part which is the covered work, but the special requirements of the GNU Affero
General Public License, section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
combination as such.14. Revised Versions of this License.
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the GNU General
Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version,
but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies that a certain
numbered version of the GNU General Public License “or any later version” applies to it, you
have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered version or of any
later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a
version number of the GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published
by the Free Software Foundation.
If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of the GNU General Public
License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a version permanently
authorizes you to choose that version for the Program.
Later license versions may give you additional or different permissions. However, no additional
obligations are imposed on any author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
later version.
15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM “AS IS” WITHOUT
WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF
THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU
ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
16. Limitation of Liability.
IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR
CONVEYS THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT
LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES
SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE
WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN
ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided above cannot be given local legal
effect according to their terms, reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely
approximates an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the Program, unless a
warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a copy of the Program in return for a fee.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS